uptu web technology unit 2 html
- 1. Web Technology (NCS-504) Prepared By Mr. Abhishek Kesharwani Assistant Professor,UCER Naini,Allahabad
- 2. History of HTML HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language, which is the most widely used language on Web to develop web pages. HTML was created by Berners-Lee in late 1991 but "HTML 2.0" was the first standard HTML specification which was published in 1995. HTML 4.01 was a major version of HTML and it was published in late 1999. Though HTML 4.01 version is widely used but currently we are having HTML-5 version which is an extension to HTML 4.01, and this version was published in 2012
- 4. What is HTML? • HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language • HTML is a markup language • A markup language is a set of markup tags • The tags describe document content • HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text • HTML documents are also called web pages
- 5. • Hypertext refers to the way in which Web pages (HTML documents) are linked together. Thus the link available on a webpage are called Hypertext. • As its name suggests, HTML is a Markup Language which means you use HTML to simply "mark up" a text document with tags that tell a Web browser how to structure it to display.
- 6. • Originally, HTML was developed with the intent of defining the structure of documents like headings, paragraphs, lists, and so forth to facilitate the sharing of scientific information between researchers. • Now, HTML is being widely used to format web pages with the help of different tags available in HTML language.
- 8. <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> Document header related tags </head> <body> Document body related tags </body> </html>
- 9. The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration The <!DOCTYPE> declaration helps the browser to display a web page correctly. There are many different documents on the web, and a browser can only display an HTML page 100% correctly if it knows the HTML type and version used. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1- transitional.dtd">
- 10. • The DOCTYPE declaration defines the document type. The <!DOCTYPE> declaration helps the browser to display a web page correctly. • The <!DOCTYPE> declaration tag is used by the web browser to understand the version of the HTML used in the document. Current version of HTML is 5 and it makes use of the following declaration: <!DOCTYPE html> • There are many other declaration types which can be used in HTML document depending on what version of HTML is being used.
- 11. • The text between <html> and </html> describes the web page. • The text between <head> tag represents the document's header which can keep other HTML tags like <title>, <link> etc. • The text between <body> and </body> is the visible page content • The text between <h1> and </h1> is displayed as a heading • The text between <p> and </p> is displayed as a paragraph
- 12. HTML Attributes • HTML elements can have attributes • Attributes provide additional information about an element • Attributes are always specified in the start tag • Attributes come in name/value pairs like: name="value"
- 13. Attribute Example <a href="http://www.google.com"> This is a link</a>
- 14. HTML Headings • Any document starts with a heading. You can use different sizes for your headings. HTML also has six levels of headings, which use the elements<h1>, <h2>, <h3>, <h4>, <h5>, and <h6>. While displaying any heading, browser adds one line before and one line after that heading. • <h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading. <h1>This is a heading</h1> <h2>This is a heading</h2> <h3>This is a heading</h3>
- 15. HTML Lines • Horizontal lines are used to visually break up sections of a document. The <hr> tag creates a line from the current position in the document to the right margin and breaks the line accordingly. • The <hr>tag creates a horizontal line in an HTML page. • The hr element can be used to separate content.
- 16. Centering Content • You can use <center> tag to put any content in the center of the page or any table cell. <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Centring Content Example</title> </head> <body> <p>This text is not in the center.</p> <center> <p>This text is in the center.</p> </center> </body> </html>
- 17. HTML Paragraphs • HTML documents are divided into paragraphs. • The <p> tag offers a way to structure your text into different paragraphs. Each paragraph of text should go in between an opening <p> and a closing </p> tag as shown below in the example: <p>This is a paragraph</p> <p>This is another paragraph</p>
- 18. HTML Line Breaks • Use the <br> tag if you want a line break (a new line) without starting a new paragraph. • Whenever you use the <br /> element, anything following it starts from the next line. This tag is an example of an empty element, where you do not need opening and closing tags, as there is nothing to go in between them. • The <br /> tag has a space between the characters br and the forward slash. If you omit this space, older browsers will have trouble rendering the line break, while if you miss the forward slash character and just use <br> it is not valid in XHTML.