Urinary noyouranary 2

Urinary system
Excretory system- removes waste and excess water
from the body and is important for maintaining the
body’s acid-base balance.

What makes up the urinary system
2 kidneys
2 ureters
1 bladder
1 urethra
This system is sterile!!!!

kidneys
Located in the upper part of the abdominal cavity
Each kidney is surrounded by an adipose capsule
Divided into cortex- outer part with nephrons and
medulla-inner part with collection tubules

nephrons
Microscopic filtering units
More than a million per kidney
Each nephron contains:
Glomerulous-(high pressure coiled capillaries)---filters
water, mineral salts, sugar, metabolic product, and
other crud, but not RBC’s and protein. Then goes out
the renal vein to go back to the heart
Bowman’s capsule- c- shaped structure that
surrounds glomerulous it picks up the bad stuff that is
filtered out, and takes it to the convoluted tubule…….
To be continued

nephron
Convoluted tubule- it collects the crud that was
filtered out and returns the things the body needs
back into the blood by the capillaries- water, sugar,
salt
Excess water sugar and salt stay in the tubule and
form urine which go to the collecting ducts
Collecting ducts- other tubules that dump urine into
the renal pelvis-a funnel at the top of the ureter.

Drawing Billy the kidney
Make a beautiful most beautiful drawing of the
nephron for yourself!

ureters
2 tubes that are 10-12 inches in length that goes from
the kidney to the bladder
Peristalsis moves the urine through the ureter from
the kidney to the bladder.

bladder
Hollow muscular sac located behind the symphysis
pubis midline
Urge to void bladder occurs when there is 250 cc or 1
cup of urine
When the bladder is full, receptors in the wall of the
bladder signal muscles to open- a reflex

urethra
Urethra is a tube that carries urine from the bladder
to the outside opening called the urinary meatus

Blood pressure and the kidney
Andy gets shot
Andy is bleeding out
Andy’s BP drops
Inside Andy, his kidneys have a cell that detects
changes in the system. They release renin- a hormone
that floats around in the body and finds angiotensin.
This is a chemical that when touched by renin turns
into angiotensin I. To be continued……

Blood pressure and Billy the kidney
Angiotensin I as a hormone can change blood
pressure a little, but it has to convert to Angiotensin
II.
Angiotensin II is much more powerful, and can
change blood pressure more dramatically
This change over happens in the lungs- remember
when we talked about blowing off CO2? It just came
back around to bite you in the gluteus!

Blood pressure and Billy the kidney
Want to know how angiotensin coverts itself from I
to II? Angiotensin Converting Enzyme of course! It is
called ACE
That is why people take ACE inhibitors-it controls
high blood pressure!!!!!
Light bulb! kill angiotensin II=reduced blood pressure

Pathopathopathopathopatho
Kidney stones- no these are not rocks you
swallowed…
This may be called renal calculus- it is when minerals
from our diets build up in the kidneys and form
stones……..

Rolling kidney stones
Signs and symptoms of kidney stones:
extreme pain in your back or side that will not go
away
blood in your urine
fever and chills
vomiting
urine that smells bad or looks cloudy
a burning feeling when you urinate

What do they look like?
Kidney stones may be as small as a grain of sand or as
large as a pearl. Some stones are even as big as golf
balls. Stones may be smooth or jagged. They are
usually yellow or brown.
 Golf ball size brown jagged and yellow small smooth

How to get rid of them
Shoot shock waves transdermally into the kidney to
break up stones to pass them called lithotripsy-stone
crushing
Tunnel surgery makes an incision into the kidney
through the back to pull the kidney stone out
Uteroscope- doctor sends a wire device through the
urethra and a cage and pull it out

Urinary tract infections
UTI most common in women due to shorter structure
of the urinary tract, and proximity of the meatus to
the vagina and rectum
Remember the urinary tract is sterile, but the GI
system is not
Most common infections are from the e.coli bacteria
common to the intestines

UTI
Signs and symptoms of UTI:
Frequent urination
Burning with urination
Strange odor
Cloudy color to blood tinged called hematuria
Treatment- antibiotics to kill bacteria and increase
fluid intake

pyelonephritis
This is inflammation of the kidney tissue and renal pelvis.
This is usually caused by the strep bacteria, and forms pus
in the kidney which is excreted with urine
Signs and symptoms:
High fever
Chills
 severe back pain
Generalized weakness and pain
Loss of appetite and nausea
Treatment: antibiotics and increased fluid intake

Renal failure
Renal failure is when the kidneys shut down and stop
filtering the blood.
ARF= acute renal failure, sudden drop in urine
production due to infection, trauma or blood loss,
this is sudden, and most of the time not permanent
Feels like:

ARF
Little or no urine when you urinate.
Swelling, especially in your legs and feet.
Not feeling like eating.
Nausea and vomiting.
Feeling confused, anxious and restless, or sleepy.
Pain in the back just below the rib cage. This is called
flank pain.
Treatment- dialysis- a machine filters the blood
where the body can’t

Chronic renal failure stages
Stage I= slight kidney damage- observation and
control BP
Stage II= mild decrease in kidney function-
observation and control BP
Stage III= moderate decrease in kidney function
observation and control BP
Stage IV= severe decrease in function-planning on
end-stage renal failure
Stage V= dialysis and kidney transplant

Urinary noyouranary 2

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Urinary noyouranary 2