Usp2003 ud sfsu

Development
of a
Sustainable
Universal Design
Methodology
Professor Ricardo Gomes
Department of Design and Industry

Universal Design Establishing and Inclusive Agenda:
Designing for a Wider Range of Users and Applications
The design of products and environments
to be usable by all people
to the greatest extent possible,
without adaptation or specialized design
RicardoGomesISanFranciscoStateUniversity

Universal Design Establishing and Inclusive Agenda:
Designing for a Wider Range of Users and Applications
2 Key Goals:
> Broaden students awareness of Product Design that develops
an inherent appreciation & value of how Universal Design principles
can enhance a competitive Product Development methodology
> Establish a foundation in a Product Development scheme in which
a student can identify a viable market need, or desire that can be
comprehensive & inclusive in satisfying the student’s inspiration

PROPOSA L FORORG ANIZING A ND ED UCATIONI NITIATIVE ON
UNIVERS AL DES IGNI N LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
Project Background and Justification
The policy basis for the Organizing and Educ ation Initiative is the
World Programme of Action concerning Disabled Pe rsons, w hich
addresses accessibility issues in its Ōequalization of opportunitiesÕ
objective. The objective focuses on mean s by w hich general
systems of society are made Ōaccessible to all.Õ

The Initiative focuseson Latin America and the Caribbean
The Organizing and Education Initiative will be convened by
CVI-Rio Š Centro de Vida Independente do Rio de Janeiro in
collaboration with a Brazilian Host Co mmittee and in cooperation
with the US-based educational non-governmen tal organization,
Adaptive Environments. Adaptive Environments is the primary
Sponsor of Designing for the 21st
Century III, An International
Conference on Universal Design. That event is scheduled for
December 8 though 12, 2004 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This is the
first time that the entire conference w ill focus on building bridges
of dialogue, information sharing and collaboration between
developing and developed economies.

Universal Design:
QuickTime™ and a
Photo - JPEG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Principle 1: Equitable Use
Guidelines
1a. Provide the same means of use for all users: identical whenever possible;
equivalent when not.
1b. Avoid segregating or stigmatizing any users.
1c. Provisions for privacy, security, and safety should be equally available to all
users.
1d. Make the design appealing to all users.
Examples * Power doors with sensors at entrances that are convenient for all users
* Integrated, dispersed, and adaptable seating in assembly areas such as
sports arenas and theaters
1

Universal Design:
QuickTime™ and a
2
Principle 2: Flexibility in Use
Guidelines
2a. Provide choice in methods of use.
2b. Accommodate right- or left-handed access and use.
2c. Facilitate the user's accuracy and precision.
2d. Provide adaptability to the user's pace.
Examples
* Scissors designed for right- or left-handed users
* An automated teller machine (ATM) that has visual, tactile,
and audible feedback, a tapered card opening, and a palm rest

Universal Design:
Principle 3: Simple and Intuitive Use
Guidelines
3a. Eliminate unnecessary complexity.
3b. Be consistent with user expectations and intuition.
3c. Accommodate a wide range of literacy and language skills.
3d. Arrange information consistent with its importance.
3e. Provide effective prompting and feedback during and after
task completion.
Examples
* An instruction manual with drawings and no text
* A moving sidewalk or escalator in a public space
3

Universal Design:
QuickTime™ and a
Principle 4: Perceptible Information
Guidelines
4a. Use different modes (pictorial, verbal, tactile) for redundant
presentation of essential information.
4b. Provide adequate contrast between essential information and its
surroundings.
4c. Maximize "legibility" of essential information.
4d. Differentiate elements in ways that can be described (i.e., make it
easy to give instructions or directions).
4e. Provide compatibility with a variety of techniques or devices used
by people with sensory limitations.
Examples
* Tactile, visual, and audible cues and instructions on a thermostat
* Redundant cueing (e.g., voice communications and signage) in
airports, train stations, and subway cars
4

Universal Design:
QuickTime™ and a
5
Principle 5: Tolerance for Error
Guidelines
5a. Arrange elements to minimize hazards and errors: most used
elements, most accessible; hazardous elements eliminated, isolated,
or shielded.
5b. Provide warnings of hazards and errors.
5c. Provide fail-safe features.
5d. Discourage unconscious action in tasks that require vigilance.
Examples
*An "undo" feature in computer software that allows the user to correct mistakes
without penalty
* A double-cut car key easily inserted into a recessed keyhole in either of two ways

Universal Design:
6
Principle 6: Low Physical Effort
Guidelines
6a. Allow user to maintain a neutral body position.
6b. Use reasonable operating forces.
6c. Minimize repetitive actions.
6d. Minimize sustained physical effort
Examples
* Lever or loop handles on doors and faucets
* Touch lamps operated without a switch

Universal Design:
7Principle 7: Size and Space for Approach & Use
Guidelines
7a. Provide a clear line of sight to important elements for any seated or
standing user.
7b. Make reach to all components comfortable for any seated or
standing user.
7c. Accommodate variations in hand and grip size.
7d. Provide adequate space for the use of assistive devices or
Examples
* Wide gates at subway stations that accommodate all users
* Controls on the front and clear floor space around appliances,
mailboxes, garbage dumpsters, and other building elements

Universal Design “Seamless” Marketing

Universal Design “Seamless” Marketing
Brian Donnelly

Universal Design…… “NOT!”

Universal Design Japan

Universal Design Outdoor Environments

Phil Evans, Director of Campus Buildings & Grounds, SFSU

Universal Bench
DAI 300

Tish Brown, ADA Coordinator
Legion of Honor Museum, San Francisco
SITE OBSERVATIONS

Universal Design Outdoor/Public Environments

What is Urban Upgrading?
Upgrading - or slum improvement as it is also called - in
low income urban communities is many things, but at its
simplest it has come to mean a package of basic services:
access, clean water supply and adequate sewage disposal
to improve the well-being of the community.
Universal Design Urban Upgrading

Fundamentally it is legalizing and ‘regularizing’ urban
environmental properties in situations of insecure or
unclear tenure.
San Salvador, El Salvador. Streets and drainage
are a part of a basic package.
Tondo Project, Philippines. Pride of place!

It is a “Universal” approach to the overall and
sustainable improvement of the environment for all.
Upgrading customarily provides a package of
improvements in streets, footpaths and drainage as
well.

The physical improvement is only the beginning:
Facilities programming are offered to increase income
earning opportunities and the general economic health of
a community. Upgrading is the start to becoming a
recognized citizen.

What is needed to make Upgrading work?
The most important element for success is commitment
by all: the city, the community, and the families. A sense
of partnership must be developed among them.
Secondly upgrading must meet a real need -
people must want it and understand the value.

What is needed to make Upgrading work?
Implementation will require getting the institutional
arrangements right:
> give incentives for agencies to work with the poor,
> keep everyone informed and coordinate between
stakeholders
> define clearly the roles of the various agencies.
> keep upgrading going, sustainability concerns must
be a priority in financing, institutions, and regulations.

What are the benefits of Upgrading?
The benefits are simply that people obtain an improved,
healthy and secure living environment without being displaced.
Recognizing title and security of tenure makes a positive
contribution to both the economic prospects of the poor, as well
as to the national economy.
Experience has shown that urban upgrading projects are
associated with social and economic benefits that are
particularly high.

Universal Design Family Health & Welfare

Universal Design in Small-Scale Businesses

Universal Design Small-Scale Businesses

UD thru Family Health & Welfare
Universal Design Family Health & Welfare

Universal Design Whirlwind Wheelchair International
Ralph Hotchkiss

Whirlwind Wheelchair International:
Zambia

• Symposium
• Focus Group
• Workshop
• Presentation
Universal Design at San Francisco State University

Lecture and demonstration
materials
3 Primary Components For Implementing
Universal Design Curriculum Are As Follows:
Professional review and
critique
Research/workshops and
focus group sessions

Universal Design Assessment Paradigm
Dr. James Bebee

Universal Design Assessment Paradigm

Lecture and demonstration
materials
3 Primary Components For Implementing
Universal Design Curriculum Are As Follows:
Professional review and
critique
Research/workshops and
focus group sessions

• Symposium
• Focus Group
• Workshop
• Presentation
Universal Design Research/Focus Group

Institute on Aging: On-Lok Senior Health Center
Universal Design Research/Focus Group

• Symposium
• Focus Group
• Workshop
• Presentation
Universal Design Workshop San Francisco State University

Ralph Hotchkiss

Chart Concept: Centro de Estudios de Diseno Universal, Estudio S+F, Buenos Aires, Argentina

TTTHHHEEEMMMAAATTTIIICCC AAARRREEEAAASSS
Design Area
 Design Methodology relative to Product, People & Process
(Functional to Transgenerational Design)
 Design Collaboratives in the Product Development Process
 Orientation to Universal Design Principles & Methodology
 Domestic/Personal Environment: Housewares – “Hand-held”
Utensils & Appliances
 Existing Product Profile , Analysis & Comparative Research
 Target Market Environment, Approach and Analysis
 User Profile/Character Analysis/Mood Board
 User-Centered Design Interface(observation, focus groups)
 Life-Cycle Assessment/Sustainability
 Product Development Management

Health Area
 Gerontology, Aging & the “Baby Boomers” Re-Definition of Old Age
 Mature Marketplace
 Dependence and self-sufficiency
 Stereotypes and Assumptions
 Parameters and Criteria
BridgePoint Retirement Community

Social Area
 Optimizing Independent Living and Lifestyles
 Growth & Flexibility in the Domestic Environment
 Universal Design as a Social Phenomena
 Linking Inter-Generational Benefits
Gene Chelberg, Disability Resource Center, SFSU

Legal Area
 Dismantling Discrimination by Design
 Social Policies and the Quality of Life
 The Overall Benefits of Disability Rights, Regulations & Policies for All
Dr. Paul Longmore, Institute on Disability, SFSU

Economics Area
 Inclusive Target Market Benefits
 Marketing the Affordable and Feasible Benefits of U niversal Design
 Quantifying the Value-Added Appeal, Desire & Usability of Universal Design
 Optimizing Product Development & Management in the Life-Cycle Design factors
Prof. Josiah Kahane, Design Dept, Holon Academic Institute of Technology, Israel

1
1
METHODOLOGY
PHASE I
DISCOVERY UNDERSTANDING Takes you out of your comfort zone
STAKEHOLDERS “Go There !”
1.1 Orientation to UD Principles & Methodology
1.2 Existing Product Review, Profile & Analysis
1.3 Comparative Market Research Review
INTERVIEWS OBSERVING User-Centered Research & Interaction
FOCUS GROUPS “Be There !” (Participation/Engage/Document)
ARTIFACT REVIEWS 2.1 User Profile & Observations
EXISTING MARKET 2.2 Site Observations
2.3 Interviews
PRODUCT ANALYSIS INTERPRETING Translating Research Data
“Be Vuln e ra b le! ” (You are not the expert)
3.1 Development of Basis of Interest/Project Proposal
3.2 Inspiration/Theme/Branding Strategy
3.3 Development of Character/User Profile analysis and character board
EXPLORATION VISUALIZING/REALIZING Concepts & Solutions
“Be Surpri s e d !” (Keep track of what is surprising you)
4.1 Visual Brainstorming/Initial Design Sketches
4.2 Preliminary Design Guide/Conceptual Fra mework
4.3 Life-Cycle Assessment & Material Considerations
USER TESTING EVALUATING/REFINING Test & Refine Ideas & Solutions
“Be Ho ne s t & Bra ve !”
5.1 Simulations
5.2 Usability Testing
5.3 Activity Groups
TANGIBLE SOLUTION IMPLEMENTING Final Product Resolution relative to UD
“Be Re a d y !”
6.1 Universal Design Product Evaluation(CUD)
6.2 Product Development & Management Review
6.3 Marketing Plan Implementation
METHODOLOGY
PHASE I
PHASE II
MARKETING OPPORTUNITIES
1
3
4
5
2
6

DISCOVERY UNDERSTANDING Takes you out of your comfort zone
STAKEHOLDERS “Go There !”
1.1 Orientation to UD Principles & Methodology
1.2 Existing Product Review, Profile & Analysis
1.3 Literature Reviews
1.4 Comparative Market Research Review
1.5 Content Analysis
1.6 Simulation Analysis
1.7 Initial Interviews, Focus Groups & Workshops
1

INTERVIEWS OBSERVING User-Centered Research & Interaction
FOCUS GROUPS “Be There !” (Participation/Engage/Document)
ARTIFACT REVIEWS
EXISTING MARKET
2.1 User Profile
2.2 Site Observations
2.3 User Observations
2.4 Media Documentation
2.5 Interviews
2.6 Shadowing
2

PRODUCT ANALYSIS INTERPRETING Translating Research Data
“Be Vuln e ra b le! ” (You are not the expert)
3.1 Development of Basis of Interest/Project Proposal
3.2 Comparative Design Research and Examples
3.3 Inspiration/Theme/Branding Strategy
3.4 Development of Character/User Profile analysis and character board
3.5 Key Selling Points, Features and Specifications
3
UniversalDesignatSanFranciscoStateUniversity

EXPLORATION VISUALIZING/REALIZING Concepts & Solutions
“Be Surpri s e d !” (Keep track of what is surprising you)
4.1 Visual Brainstorming/Initial Design Sketches
4.2 Preliminary Design Guide/Conceptual Fra mework
4.3 Life-Cycle Assessment & Material Considerations
4.4 Development of Concept Sketches, Design Direction and Exploration
4.5 User Participation
4
Susan Goltsman, Moore, Iacafano & Goltsman, Berkeley, CA
UniversalDesignatSanFranciscoStateUniversity

USER TESTING EVALUATING/REFINING Test & Refine Ideas & Solutions
“Be Ho ne s t & Bra ve !”
5.1 Simulations
5.2 Usability Testing
5.3 Activity Groups
5.4 Environmental Testing
5
UniversalDesignatSanFranciscoStateUniversityIRicardoGomes

TANGIBLE SOLUTION IMPLEMENTING Final Product Resolution relative to UD
“Be Re a d y !”
6.1 Universal Design Product Evaluation(CUD)
6.2 Product Development & Management Review
6.3 Marketing Plan Implementation
6

Universal Design Pre-Tollgate I: Concept & Basis of Interest
Screens & Selects Projects for Development
Identify/Document:
• Product Idea
• User Need
• Competitive Marketing Information
• Potential Benefits

Universal Design Tollgate I - Preliminary Product Design
Develop Design Guide, Marketing Plan & Design Concepts
Documents:
• Product Description
• Competitive Analysis
• Features/Specifications
• Design Constraints
• Key Selling Points
• Marketing Plan Outline
• Target Costs & Estimated Volume
• Initial Concept Sketches & Form Studies
• User-interaction/Critique

Universal Design Tollgate II - Design Approval
Finalize Design Guide & Develop Product Design Approach
Documents:
• User-Centered Design Interface/Workshops
• Focus Group Sessions/Product Review
• Establish Design Approach/Documents
• Update Design Guide
• Life-Cycle Assessment/Mfg. Feasibility

Universal Design Tollgate III - Product Development
Design “Freeze” & Implementation
Documents:
• Working & Appearance Model
• Design Review
• Focus Group Sessions: User Testing
• Final Design Guide
• Prototype & Production Plan

Universal Design Stationary Roller Peeler: For Manual One-Handed Use
Johnny Venida

Johnny Venida

Johnny Venida
Focus Group Product Review

• Symposium
• Focus Group
• Workshop
• Presentation
Universal Design Studio Focus Group

Universal Design Mobile Hot Food Container
Avrind Gupta

Universal Design Faucet Friend Water Temperature Indicator
Charles Floyd
Charles Floyd

Universal Design Lotus Laundry Sorter: Stationary/Transport Bag
Tuyet Tran

Ricardo Gomes
Chair/Associate Professor
San Francisco State University
Design Center for Global Needs
ricgomes@sfsu.edu
(415) 338-2229

Usp2003 ud sfsu

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