Vector borne diseases caused by Microorganisms.pptx
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The document discusses vector-borne diseases caused by microorganisms transmitted primarily through arthropods such as mosquitoes, ticks, and triatomine bugs, highlighting their impact on global health with over 700,000 deaths annually. It outlines specific diseases like Zika, dengue, and malaria, detailing their symptoms, diagnostic methods, and treatment options, along with prevention strategies. Additionally, it covers tick-borne illnesses like Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever, as well as diseases caused by sandflies and blackflies, emphasizing the public health significance of these vector-borne infections.
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Vector borne diseases caused by Microorganisms.pptx
- 1. VECTOR BORNE DISEASES CAUSED BY MICROORGANISMS. PRESENTED BY, JAYAPRIYA R (BP211513)
- 2. INTRODUCTION • Vector-borne diseases are infections transmitted by the bite of infected arthropod species mosquitoes, ticks, triatomine bugs, sandflies blackflies. • More than 700,000 patients die of vector-disease constitute about 17 % of the infectious diseases in the world.
- 3. DIAGNOSTIC METHOD FOR VECTOR BORNE DISEASES SPECIMENS Body fluids Blood Lymph CSF - Cerebrospinal fluid Biopsy SEROLOGICAL TESTS WBC count, Antibody detection,PCR protein concentration in blood&CSF,
- 4. MOSQUITO BORNE • Mosquito-borne diseases are those spread by the bite of an infected mosquito. Diseases that are spread to people by mosquitoes include, Zika virus, West Nile virus, Chikungunya virus, dengue malaria.
- 5. • Zikavirustransmitted by mosquitoes which typically causes asymptomatic or mild infection ( fever and rash) in humans, identified originally in Africa and later in other country. • tropical regions, including South America ,where it may be associated with an infection through mother to babies during pregnancy period. • SYMPTOMS - Fever,Rash,Headache,Joint pain,Conjuctivities,Muscle pain. • PREVENTION - protect yourself from mosquito bites,use mosquito repellent,mosquito net. • TREATMENT - There is no specific medicine or vaccine for Zika virus.Treat the symptoms,acetaminophen to reduce fever and pain,take more water to prevent dehydration.
- 6. DENGUE FEVER • Dengue fever is caused by Dengue virus.All age groups & both sex are vulnerable. • Occurs in epidemic form ,Common name of the disease is break-bone fever. • Mosquito Biting time mostly during day,Ideal Temperature 20-28˚C • SYMPTOMS - Fever, Rash,Headache, Muscle Pain, Joint pain,Pain behind the eyes, Decrease in platlet count. • Hemorragic fever - Bleading from gums,inside joints,under skin(discoloration). • TREATMENT - Fluids,Rest, No injections are reqired, Paracetamol for pain and fever,In severe cases , platelet transfusion / blood transfusion.
- 7. MALARIA • Maiaria is a life – threatening protozoan disease,caused by plasmodiumsp., • 80 % of population in india lives in low malaria endemic region. • MOSQUITO - Female anopheles mosquito is the vector Plasmodium vivax,Plasmodium falciparum. • The mosquito breeds in polluted water bodies, brackish water , wells , cisterns , fountais ,overhead tanks etc.Mosquito bites during night time. • SYMPTOMS - Fever ,Chills& rigors,Headache, Body ache. • Severe Malaria – Jaundice, Seizure,Bleeding problems, Multi organ failure. • TREATMENT -Chloroquine for 3 days,Plasmodium vivax – primaquine for 14 days ( in addition to chloroquine), Plasmodium falciparum – Artesunate Based Combination therapy.
- 8. TICK BORNE • Ticks can be infected with bacteria, viruses, or parasites. • Some of the most common tick-borne diseases in the UnitedStates include: Lyme disease, babesiosis, ehrlichiosis, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, anaplasmosis, Southern Tick-Associated Rash Illness, Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever, tularemia.
- 9. LYME DISEASE • Lyme Disease is a tick borne illness Bacteria is transmitted under the skin through a bite of blacklegged ticks.Caused by Borrelia burgdorferei bacteria in US . • Ticks need 3 hours of attachment to transmit disease. • SYMPTOMS- FeverHeadache ,Fatigue, Rash is called Erythema Migrans Looks like a red bulls eye with a white centeIf untreated spread to joints, Heart , Nervous System. • PREVENTION- Daily visual inspection of skin and clothes,Use insect repellent. • TREATMENT- d0xycycline,amoxillin or cefuroxime(breastfeeding).
- 10. ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER • An infectious disease with a characteristic rash ,. Rocky mountain spotted fever is a potentially fatal disease that’s usually caused by the bite of a tick infected with Rickettsia group bacteria. • SYMPTOMS - High fever, Chills , Severe headache, Muscle aches ,Nausea & vomiting, Confusion or other neurological change. • PREVENTION - Wear long pants &sleeves, Use insect repellents, Do your to tick –proof yard, Cheak yourself & your pets for ticks , Remove a tick tweezers. • TREATMENT - Doxycycline is the recommended antibiotic treatment for RMSF adults and children of all ages.
- 11. TRIATOMINE BUGS • The cause of Chagas disease or kissing disease(Trypanosomiasis) is the parasite Trypanosomacruzi which is spread from an insect known as the triatomine bug -kissing bug/vampire bug. • These insects can become infected by this parasite when they swallow bloodfroman animal that is infectedwith the parasite. • SYMPTOMS - swelling in the infection site,fever ,fatigue, body pain ,Head ache ,swelling of Eyelid ,enlargement of liver & spleen,Heart problems or sudden cardiac arrest. • TREATMENT - anti histamine,corticostroids,CATT,calamine lotion
- 12. SAND FLIES • Leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmaniadonovani(Humanblood/intracellular parasite), which are spread by the bite of infected sandflies. • There are several different forms of leishmaniasis in people - cutaneous leishmaniasis,muco cutaneous leishmaniasis, visceral leishmaniasis, black fever. • Human - definitive host,SANDFLY - Intermediate host. • SYMPTOMS - Nausea, Vomiting, Hyper tension, Diarrhoea, Nose bleeding, Fever, Runny/Stuffy nose and Also Skin infection may occur. • TREATMENT - liposoml amphotericin B, Paromomycin, Miltefosine, IV - Pentostam.
- 13. BLACK FLIES • Blackflies are vector for the disease onchocerciasis(River blindness) • Onchocerciasis caused by Onchocercavolvulus(parasite), • The disease spreads by bite of an infectious blackfly, Mostly Spread to people who are live or work near rapidly flowing streams or Rivers. • SYMPTOMS- skin rash(itching),eye disease,nodules under the skin, In Rare condition cause the lesions on eyes(Blindness). • PREVENTION- using insecticides(N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide) on exposed skin, wearing long sleeve shirts & pants. • TREATMENT- Oral medicine called ivermectin, No vaccine.