The document discusses the Vedas, which are ancient Hindu scriptures composed in Sanskrit between 1500-1000 BCE that provide guidance on righteous living. The Vedas include hymns, prayers, and formulas and are divided into four types: Rig, Yajur, Sama, and Atharva. Each Veda contains Brahmanas (rituals), Aranyakas (philosophical discussions), and Upanishads (inner meanings). The Rig Veda contains 1028 hymns praising deities, the Yajur Veda describes rituals and ceremonies, the Sama Veda contains melodies from the Rig Veda, and the Atharva Veda addresses daily problems and rituals.