Verb and its types...
- 3. Group Member… • Mureed Hussain • Muhammad Abid • Muhammad Gulsher • Muhammad Amjad • Kamran shahzad
- 4. Contents • What is Verb? • Identification of verb • Importance of verb • Types of Verb • Gerunds & Infinitives • Exercises
- 5. • According to Victor Hugo: THE WORD IS THE VERB, AND THE VERB IS GOD. • According to Buckminster Fuller: GOD IS A VERB, NOT NOUN.
- 6. What is Verb? • A Verb, from the Latin word ‘Verbum’ meaning ‘word’, is part of speech that conveys an action(read,walk,write,etc),an occurrence(happen,become),or a state of being(be,exist,stand). • Verbs always express activity. • For Example – Let’s run to the corner and back.(action) – I know the answer.(occurance) – I am a student. (state of being)
- 7. Identification of Verb • We can identify verb in a sentence by the word that has an action or an occurrence or state of being. • For Example: – I washed the car. – Bolt runs fast. – I think Afridi is a good player.
- 8. Importance of Verb • A Verb is main part of the sentence or question in English(in fact in every language). • You can’t have a sentence or a question complete without verb. – Where you? Incomplete. – Where are you? Complete.
- 9. Types of Verb • Action verbs • Auxiliary(helping) Verbs • Stative Verbs • Modal Verbs • Phrasal Verbs • Regular Verbs • Irregular Verbs • Confusing Verbs
- 10. Action Verbs
- 11. • According to a great Philosopher: • “ A ‘Mouth’ Will Say Anything But ‘Actions’ Will Tell Everything”.
- 12. Action Verbs • Action Verbs Are the words that express action like eat,write,drive,etc. • For Example: – The horse is running. – John is riding a bike. • In these sentences running and riding are the actions that are done by someone.
- 13. Exercise-Action Verbs • Identify Action verb in each sentence: – She walked to the store.(Action) – He searched for his shoes.(Action) – This house belongs to Mr. Smith.(Non Action) – John shouted goodbye.(Action) – The army attacked the enemies.(Action) – I think coffee is great.(Non Action) – Mansab is kicking the ball now.(Action)
- 14. Action Verbs(continued) • Most action verbs are defined as transitive or intransitive. • This means that some are used with a direct object (the person or thing that receives the action of the object) called Transitive verbs. • Others don’t need a direct object and are called Intransitive verbs. • Some verbs can be both transitive and intransitive depending on their meaning.
- 15. Transitive Verbs
- 16. Transitive Verbs • A transitive verb is an action verb that has a direct object.A direct object is a word that recieves an action of the verb. • For example: – Richard annoys his boss so much that he’ll never get a promotion.(His boss is the direct object of annoys and a promotion is the direct object of get). – Jenna brings Mrs. Smith lunch every day. (Mrs. Smith is the direct object of brings. Jenna is the subject.
- 17. Identification of Direct Object • First way is that a word which receives the action of the verb is direct object. • Second way is WHAT OR WHOM test? • To find out if a verb has a direct object is to identify the action verb,then ask the question : What Or Whom? If there is answer to the question what or whom,then the action verb has a direct object and is transitive. • Example : Ali threw the ball.
- 19. Intransitive Verbs • Intransitive verbs do not need a direct object in order to complete their meaning. Many are followed by an adjective, adverb, preposition or verb complement (gerund or infinitive). For example: – If Cathy continues to be late for work, the boss will fire her.(Continues is followed by an infinitive (to be), with no direct object.) – The bomb exploded in the city center. (Exploded is followed by a preposition of place with no direct object.)
- 20. Exercise-Transitive & Intransitive Verbs Decide whether the following verbs are transitive, intransitive or both: • The workmen have been painting for hours. • When they call from the charity, Mrs. Alpert always gives generously. • Before you send the proposal, make sure you edit it carefully. • My new car cost me a small fortune. • Pete emigrated from Australia in 1998.
- 21. • Answers: 1)-Intransitive 2)- Intransitive 3)-Transitive 4)- transitive 5)-Intransitive
- 22. Auxiliary Verbs
- 23. Auxiliary(helping) Verbs • Auxiliary(helping) verbs are used together with the main verb to show the verb’s tense or to form a negative or a question. The most commonly used auxiliary verbs are have,be, and do. • For Example: – Does Sam write all his own reports? – Terry is writing an e-mail to a client.
- 24. Exercise-Auxiliary Verbs • What the kids doing when you last saw them? (is,were, has) • Carla always wanted to try skydiving. (were,are,has) • Where ______ you go on your summer vacation? (is,do,did) • Why do you think she call you like she said she would? (has,had,didn’t) • Mary _____ going to be upset when she hears what happened. (are,had,is) • Jeremy ______ want to go to the movies; he wants to stay home instead. (didn’t,doesn’t,has) • Answers 1)were 2)has 3)did 4)didn’t 5)is 6)doesn’t
- 25. Stative Verbs
- 26. Stative Verbs • Stative verbs are the verbs that explain a state rather than an action. They usually relate to thoughts, emotions, relationships, senses, state of being and measurments. • For example: – Paul feels rotten today. – Our client appreciated all the work we did for him.
- 27. Exercise-Stative Verbs Complete each sentence using the stative verb from the choices: • Do you the answer? (depend on, know, include) • Jim dessert every day. (is,has,did) • I ______ good about the race’s outcomes.(feels,has,did) • She her mother. (resembles,has,is) • Do you they will win? (think,has,is) • They really everything you did for them.(has,think,is) • Answer 1)Know 2)has 3)feel 4)resembles 5)think 6)think
- 28. Modal Verbs
- 29. Modal Verbs(Modal &Modal Phrases) • A modal is a type of auxiliary (helping) verb that is used to express: ability, possibility, permission or obligation.
- 30. Modal Verbs(continued) • The modals and semi-modals in English are: – Can/could/be able to – May/might – Shall/should – Must/have to – Will/would • Examples: – You shouldn’t eat so many sweets. – I’m sorry. I can’t help you.
- 31. Exercise-Modal Verbs Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the following modals: • If you are sick, you ________ go to work. You’ll infect everyone there.(must,should,would) • Drivers _______ stop at red lights(should,must,have to). • You _______ finish the proposal today. You can finish it tomorrow.(have to,don’t have to,) • She ______ hear much better with her new hearing aids(can,could,will). • ______ I order us a pizza?(has,have,should) • Sam ______ pick his daughter up from school. She’s taking the bus home(need to,need not,must). • Answers: 1)-shouldn’t 2)-must 3)-don’t have to 4)-can 5)-have 6)-needn’t
- 32. Phrasal Verbs
- 33. Phrasal Verbs • A phrasal verb is a combination of words(a verb+ a preposition or verb+ adverb) that used together, usually take on a different meaning to that of original verb. • When we use phrasal verbs, we use them like normal verbs in a sentence. • For example: – Ella tore up the letter after she read it. – Their car broke down two miles out of town.
- 34. Exercise-Phrasal Verbs Choose the correct phrasal verb from the choices. • His father always taught him not to _____ those people with less. (look up to / look down on) • Stop complaining and _____ your work! (get on with / get over) • The boss wants you to _____ your figures for this month to him. (hand out / hand in) • We’re going to have to _____ our trip to Spain until September. (put up/ put off) • I _____ Amir today at the supermarket. It was great to see him. (ran out of / ran into) • Answers: 1)-look down on 2)-get on with 3)-hand in 4)-put off 5)-ran into
- 35. Regular Verbs
- 36. Regular Verbs • Many English verbs are regular, which means that they form their different tenses according to an established pattern. Such verbs work like this: Verb 3rd person singular present tense 3rd person singular past tense past participle present participle laugh he/she laughs he/she laughed laughed laughing love he/she loves he/she loved loved loving boo he/she boos he/she booed booed booing
- 37. Regular Verbs • Examples: – I wanted to learn English. – John loves his dog. – She hates you. – Shakira eats bread at lunch. – Ali was laughing at Ahmad.
- 38. Irregular Verbs
- 39. Irregular Verbs • Irregular verbs are the verbs that don’t take on regular -d, -ed, or –ied spelling patterns of past simple. • Irregular verbs are also known as strong verbs. Here are the nine irregular verbs that are used most than the rest. 1. Go 6.Get 2. Say 7.Think 3. See 8.Make 4. Take 9.Come 5. Know
- 40. Irregular Verbs(continued) • The following examples show how irregular verbs are used in a sentence: – Go get your brother. – Lets take a walk on Saturday. – We spent the whole day hiking. • In these examples Go, get, take and spent are irregular verbs.
- 41. Exercise-Irregular Verbs • My brother Mike _______ his stinky socks on the coffee table. (leave, left, leaving) • This is the ninth time that pitcher has _______ a foul ball (throw, threw, thrown) • The water balloon ________ when it hit its target. (burst, busted, broken) • Jesse intentionally _______ gum in Jeff’s hair. (stick, stuck, sticky) • Answers:- • 1)-left 2)-thrown 3)-burst 4)-stuck
- 42. Confusing Verbs
- 43. Confusing Verbs • There are many verbs that sound similar and it’s easy to get confused between them. • Confused : Put into disorder or mix up in mind. • e.g ,he remained calm in the _____ of battle. • His unexpected arrival threw me into ____. • Here is a list of some of the most common confusing verb pairs, their meanings and examples of how they should be used in a sentence:
- 44. Confusing Verbs Verb Meaning/ Use The Verb in Context borrow To take a loan Can I borrow $20 from you please? lend To give a loan I will lend you $20. say 1.To report someone’s words 2.To ask about how to use a language 1.Did she say anything about me? 2.How do you say “hello” in Spanish? tell 1.To instruct 2.To narrate 1.Tell him to stop the car. 2.He’s telling a good joke. do To carry out activities or tasks He needs to do his homework. make 1.To cause to happen 2.To create or build something 1.Don’t make him angry. 2.Don’t forget to make a list. can 1.To show ability 2.To request (informal) 1.I can contact the company if you would like me to. 2.Can I help you? may 1.To express a possibility 2.To request (polite) 1.I may see you later at the party. 2.May I help you?
- 45. Exercise-Confusing Verbs Choose the correct word from the parenthesis at the end of the sentence as in the example. • As a child, I each summer in France with my grandmother. (spent/wasted) • I have already ____ to the customs in this new country I live in. (adapted / adopted) • Ed ______ John at a parent-teacher meeting last month. (met / knew) • The girls ____ money from their father to buy their mom a gift. (lent / borrowed) • My father _______ the American flag on all US holidays. (raises / rises) • Answers:- 1)-spent 2)-adapted 3)-met 4)-borrowed 5)-raises
- 47. Gerunds & Infinitives • Gerunds and infinitives are sometimes referred to as verb complements. They may function as subjects or objects in a sentence.
- 48. What are Gerunds? • A gerund is a verb in its -ing (present participle) form that functions as a noun that names an activity rather than a person or thing. • Any action verb can be made into a gerund. • For example: – Jogging is a hobby of mine. – Daniel quit smoking a year ago. – I look forward to helping you paint the house.
- 49. What are Infinitives? • An infinitive is a verb form that acts as other parts of speech in a sentence. • It is formed with to + base form of the verb. Ex: to buy, to work. • Infinitives can be used as an object following the verb. • For example: – Jim always forgets to eat. – You promised to buy me a diamond ring.
- 50. • Some verbs can be followed by Gerunds or Infinitives without change in meaning. • For Example – Some people prefer getting up early in the morning. – Some people prefer to get up early in the morning. • Some verbs can be followed by an Infinitive or Gerund with a change in meaning.
- 51. • For Example – He stopped drinking coffee.(He never drank coffee again). – He stopped to drink coffee.(He stopped what he was doing and drank some coffee). • A Gerund can be object or preposition, an Infinitive can’t. – We are thinking about walking in the woods.
- 52. Exercise-Gerunds & Infinitives Choose the correct gerund or infinitive from the choices: • Do you want ____ your family now?(to call calling) • I convinced Catherine _____ vegetarian.(to become becoming). • _____ is hobby of mine.(to smoke smoking). • In the old days, gentlemen challenged their rivals _______. (fighting / to fight) • As the famous saying goes, there’s no use ______ over spilt milk. (crying / to cry) • Answers: 1)-to call 2)-to become 3)-Smoking 4)-to fight 5)-crying
- 53. Thanks