Vietnamese literature developed early and includes both folk literature and written literature. Folk literature, including legends, folk songs, and epics, had a profound influence on Vietnamese culture and praised beauty, humanity, and goodness. Written literature first emerged in the 10th century using Chinese characters and the Vietnamese chữ Nôm script, with well-known works including The Tale of Kieu by Nguyễn Du. In the 20th century, Vietnamese literature transitioned to using the Vietnamese quốc ngữ romanized alphabet. Vietnamese literature has traditionally featured patriotism and humanism.