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![• PERIOD OF INFECTIVITY :2 weeks before to 1 week
after the onset of jaundice.
• INCUBATION PERIOD : 10-50 days [usually 25 to 30
days].
• MODE OF TRANSMISSION : fecal-oral route
• SYMPTOMS : Non specific symptoms such as fever,
chills ,headache, fatigue, generalized weakness,
aches and pains, followed by anorexia, nausea,
vomiting, dark urine and jaundice.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/viralhep-200709062320/75/Viral-hep-4-2048.jpg)
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Viral hep
- 1.
- 2. • Hepatitis isa systemic disease with primary inflammation of the liver by hepatotropic viruses. • It can be caused by Hep A , Hep B , Hep C, Hep D and Hep E. • Other viruses such as Herpes Simplex, CMV,EBV can also cause hepatitis.
- 3. HEPATITIS A • HepatitisA is caused by a picornavirus • It causes an acute form of hepatitis and does not have a chronic stage. • The patient's immune system makes antibodies against HAV that confer immunity against future infection.
- 4. • PERIOD OFINFECTIVITY :2 weeks before to 1 week after the onset of jaundice. • INCUBATION PERIOD : 10-50 days [usually 25 to 30 days]. • MODE OF TRANSMISSION : fecal-oral route • SYMPTOMS : Non specific symptoms such as fever, chills ,headache, fatigue, generalized weakness, aches and pains, followed by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, dark urine and jaundice.
- 6. Treatment: There isno specific treatment, supportive care is given until symptoms disappear. PREVENTION : Proper hygiene and sanitation measures Immune globins should be given to all close personal contacts with Hep A. Vaccination is also present.
- 8. HEPATITIS B • HBVwhich is a DNA virus • It can cause both acute and chronic infections. • Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. • The acute illness causes liver inflammation, vomiting, jaundice. • Chronic hep B eventually causes cirrhosis and liver cancer.
- 9.
- 10. • INCUBATION PERIOD: 60-90 days • MODE OF TRANSMISSION : The virus is transmitted by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. Vertical transmission can take place. Intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse are the most frequent routes of infection. Other risk factors include working in healthcare, blood transfusions, dialysis etc. The hepatitis B viruses cannot be spread by holding hands, sharing eating utensils, kissing, hugging, coughing, sneezing, or breastfeeding.
- 13. • TREATMENT :Interferon alfa, lamivudine , Adefovir dipivoxil • VACCINATION : As per EPI Schedule 0/1/6 months after contact.
- 14. HEPATITIS C • HepatitisC virus (HCV) • During the initial infection people often have mild or no symptoms. Occasionally a fever, dark urine, abdominal pain, and yellow tinged skin occurs. • The virus persists in the liver in about 75% to 85% of those initially infected.
- 15. • INCUBATION PERIOD: 40-120 days
- 16. HCV ANTIBODY :Notuseful in acute phase as it takes at least 4 weeks to develop. HCV RNA :Mainly used in monitoring the response to antiviral therapy. TREATMENT :INTERFERON AND RIBAVIRIN
- 17. HEPATITIS D • HepatitisD virus (HDV), a small spherical enveloped viroid • HDV is considered to be a subviral satellite because it can propagate only in the presence of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Transmission of HDV can occur either via simultaneous infection with HBV (coinfection) or superimposed on chronic hepatitis B or hepatitis B carrier state (superinfection).
- 18. • Both superinfectionand coinfection with HDV results in more severe complications compared to infection with HBV alone. These complications include a greater likelihood of experiencing liver failure in acute infections and a rapid progression to liver cirrhosis, with an increased risk of developing liver cancer in chronic infections. In combination with hepatitis B virus, hepatitis D has the highest fatality rate of all the hepatitis infections, at 20%.
- 19. HEPATITIS E • HEVis a positive-sense, single-stranded, nonenveloped, RNA icosahedral virus; HEV has a fecal- oral transmission route. • Hepatitis E occasionally develops into an acute, severe liver disease, and is fatal in about 2% of all cases. • Clinically, it is comparable to hepatitis A, but in pregnant women, the disease is more often severe and is associated with a clinical syndrome called fulminant liver failure. Pregnant women, especially those in the third trimester, suffer an elevated mortality rate from the disease of around 20%.