Virtual Reality (bring distant near)

International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Index Copernicus Value (2015): 78.96 | Impact Factor (2015): 6.391
Volume 6 Issue 7, July 2017
www.ijsr.net
Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
Virtual Reality
Sanni Hafiz Oluwasola1
, Ibrahim Munir Ayinde2
1
Lens Polytechnic, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Km2 Irra Road, Offa kwara state- Nigeria
2
Federal Polytechnic Offa, Offa Kwara State- Nigeria
Abstract: Virtual reality: is the term that applies to computer simulated environment that can stimulate the physical presence in place
of real world or imaginary world. All components of VR application and interrelations between them are thoroughly examined: input
devices, output devices and software.This Paperwill show how to use Virtual Reality to increase the business productivity, application in
health sector, entertainment industry, military sector and other sectors. The paper explain different types of virtual reality, architecture
of the haptic devices methodologies of the devices, algorithm and conclusion of the research.
Keywords: Virtual Reality, telepresence, artificial environment, Immersive Virtual reality, Haptic, force feedback, kinesthetic, rendering,
Augmented Reality, simulation, imaginary
1. Introduction
Virtual Reality is a combination of two words “virtual” and
Reality. Is an artificial environment that is created with
software and presented to the user in such a way that the
user suspends belief and accept it as real environment. It
refers to high end user interface that involves real time
simulation and interaction through multiple sensorial
channels. Is an imaginarily world where user interact with it
in real time to increase the realism.
VR is quite different. It makes you think you are actually
living inside a completely believable virtual world. VR
systems that include transmission of vibrations and other
sensations to the user through a game controller or other
devices are known as haptic systems. This tactile
information is generally known as force feedback in
medical, video gaming, online shopping, entertainment and
military training applications. Virtual reality also refers to
remote communication environments which provide a
virtual presence of users through telepresence and
telexistence or the use of a virtual artifact (VA).
Types of Virtual reality
 Immersive Virtual reality
 Desktop Virtual reality
 Projection Virtual reality
 Simulation Virtual reality
Immersive Virtual Reality: is the ultimate version of
Virtual reality system that let the user totally immerse in
computer generated world(virtual world) with help of
(Multiple input and Output devices) Head mounted display
(HMD) that support stereoscopic view of the scene, Fiber
optics wired gloves, position tracking devices and audio
system .
Augmented Reality. Is the variation of immersive virtual
reality, where a see through layer of computer graphics is
super imposed over the real world to highlight certain
features and enhanced understanding,As example in medical
sector where a surgeon can first practices a complicated
surgery in virtual world where all the certain feature have
been highlighted before implementing it in real world
surgery.
Desktop Virtual reality. Also known as window on world
(WoW) system, this is the simplest type of Virtual reality, it
uses a conventional monitor to display the images (generally
mesoscopic) of the world.
2. Explanation of the Used Terms in the Paper
a) Haptic: is the term derived from Greek world
“haptesthai” which means “sense of touch”.Haptic is a
science of applying tactile sensation to human interaction
with computers. It allow the user to feel and manipulate
three dimensional virtual object with respect to such
features as shape, weight, texture and temperature.
b) Virtual environment: is a computer generated model of
a real environment. A virtual environment can be
constructed as an exact replica of the real environment or
can be a highly simplified reality. Regardless of its
complexity, however, there are two completely different
ways of interaction between the environment and the
haptic interface. Environment may behave as impedance,
where the input is the velocity or position and the output
force is determined based on a physical model, or as an
admittance, where the input is force and the output is
velocity or position.
c) Force Feedback: relating to the mechanical production
of information that interact with the human kinesthetic
system (muscles, Joints and tendons) that gives the
human sensation of force being applied with hardware of
touch and feel through tactile vibration or force feedback.
d) Tactile: Feeling of kinesthetic (motion).
e) Tactile Feedback: it makes use of devices that interact
with the nerves ending in the skin to detect whether user
is in contact with object in virtual world and indicate
heat, pressure and texture.
f) Cutaneous: it indicate sensation of pressure, pain and
temperature.
g) Haptic interface: is the interface that allow user and
machine to communicate.
h) Haptic perception: the process of perceiving the
characteristics of objects through touch.
Paper ID: 8071702 DOI: 10.21275/8071702 1112

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i) Tele-haptics: is the process of sending the information
from virtual world and real time through a network
medium such as internet
j) *Haptic rendering:the process of calculating the
sense of touch, especially force. It involves sampling
the position sensors at the haptic device to obtain
the user‟s position within the virtual environment.
Haptic rendering is, therefore, a system that consists of
three parts, a collision detection algorithm, a collision
response algorithm, and a control algorithm.
k) Telepresence/Teleoperation
The concept of cyberspace is linked to the notion of
telepresence, the feeling of being in a location other than
where you actually are
l) Gloves
Gloves are 3D input devices that can detect the joint
angles of fingers. The measurement of finger flexion is
done with the help of fiber-optic sensors (e.g., VPL
DataGlove), foil-strain technology (e.g.,
VirtexCyberGlove) or resistive sensors (e.g., Mattel
PowerGlove). The use of gloves allows the user richer
interaction than the 3D mouse, because hand gestures
may be recognized and translated into proper actions
[Mine95a]. Additional gloves are equipped with a tracker
that is attached to the user‟s wrist to measure its position
and orientation.
m) Software: beyond input and output hardware, the
underlying software plays a very important role. It is
responsible for managing of I/O devices, analyzing
incoming data and generating proper feedback.
According to [Heil 92] examining contribution of human
sense
Sight - 70%
Hearing - 20%
Smell - 5%
Touch - 4%
Taste - 1%
Based on the analysis version contain the most information
pass to brain down to taste based on the chart. This paper
will focus more on application of virtual reality especially in
business.
n) Prototype designing
VR technology to build virtual prototypes of new
vehicles, systems, houses or any form of devices, testing
them thoroughly before producing a single physical
part. Designers can make alterations without having to
scrap the entire model, as they often would with
physical ones. The development process becomes more
efficient and less expensive as a result.
o) Application in Health
It is used to train medical student and some institutions
using the computer-generated images for diagnosis and
treatment. Virtual-reality simulations, such as those
created by software companies Surgical Theater and
Conquer Mobile, use actual diagnostic images from
CAT scans or ultrasounds to construct 3D models of a
patient‟s anatomy. The virtual models help both new
and experienced surgeons determine the safest and most
efficient way to locate tumors, place surgical incisions
or practices difficult procedure ahead of time. Beyond
surgery, virtual reality could also serve as a cost-
effective and engaging tool for rehabilitation. Stroke
and brain injury victims across Europe can now use an
immersive virtual-reality therapy created by Mind
Mazeto regain motor and cognitive function faster than
with traditional physical therapy, according to the
company. The virtual exercises and real-time feedback
in Mind Maze are made to feel like games, helping to
motivate patients to practice everyday activities.
p) VR in the film industry (Entertainment)
For the film industry rather than just being a spectator
looking at the screen you could feel, see and hear what
is going on around you. Other sensory tools could also
be added such as smells and more intense touch such as
soft, cold, hot to give you a more realistic experience. In
the medical field it could enable training practitioners to
perform surgeries and medical care before they are
introduced to real patients. The possibilities for the
future of virtual reality are endless.
q) Military
The military have long been supporters of VR
technology and development. Training programs can
include everything from vehicle simulations to squad
combat. On the whole, VR systems are much safer and,
in the long run, less expensive than alternative training
methods. Soldiers who have gone through extensive VR
training have proven to be as effective as those who
trained under traditional conditions.
r) Museums
Virtual reality could add a lot of culture to our lives.
The technology could instantly transport users to the
Louvre in Paris, the Acropolis in Athens and the
Guggenheim in New York City, all in one day. In fact, a
number of museums have already collaborated with
developers to create virtual spaces where people can
experience the museums' physical collections. Last year,
the British Museum in London launched its first virtual-
reality weekend and the American Museum of Natural
History in New York City made some of its collections
virtually accessible through Google Cardboard. Anyone
with a smartphone and a Cardboard VR headset can
now take a tour of the museum
s) Driving equipment design and innovation
Another popular use is sports manufacture: virtual
reality is used in the design of sporting clothes and
equipment, e.g. running shoe design. Innovation is a key
factor in this industry as the bar is raised higher and
higher in terms of sporting achievement. Sportspeople
are constantly looking at ways of gaining them that edge
which can mean being faster, stronger, better endurance
etc. They are constantly pushing boundaries as regards
what their bodies can do which drives the sports
clothing and equipment industry. This industry has to
keep pace with this constant drive for sporting
perfection and using the very latest technology to do so.
t) Space
NASA's been using VR for years, especially in training
situations. One recent use has more to do with
improving the quality of life and mental health of
astronauts on longer term missions. The idea is a Virtual
Space Station, which would be "a set of interactive
behavioral health training and treatment programs with
support from NASA's National Space Biomedical
Research Institute," according to a release. And
Paper ID: 8071702 DOI: 10.21275/8071702 1113

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Dartmouth's Digital Arts Leadership and Innovation lab
got a $1.6 grant for the project
u) Crime scene:
Forensic and crime detector has been more active by
collection of image of the crime scene and arrange in
360 degree virtual environment and reproduce the crime
scene by Waldo world.
3. Application in Business
Virtual reality can be brought into online businesses to
increase the efficiency of the business and make the buyer
more comfortable about the product. The buyer will develop
an interest when it view the virtual product in a realistic way
such as testing of the product by touching to feel the texture,
pressure, smell, sound, temperature etc. The interesting part
is that the buyer will not go for online shopping that he/she
will confirm the authenticity of the product after delivery,
right way the buyer can travel into virtual environment to
confirm the authenticity
3.1 VR in Business
Real estate management. A buyer can confirm the nature of
the house from images and videos but with VR, buyer can
travel into virtual space to confirm the nature of the house
by touching to feel the texture of the building, buyer can
enter the rooms etc. with virtual reality Real estate Manager
will gain the client attention more.
Vehicles Dealer. Buyer can travel into a virtual space to test
the car he/she want to buy, he/she can drive the vehicle in
the virtual world and feel the temperature of the engine,
texture of the inner part of the vehicle, the sound of the
engine and every part without being there in real world.
With all these method of testing the buyer will get
confidence on the product he/she want to order for.
Other online stores such as Ali express, Jumia, Kongaetc
can bring the VR software into business where a buyer will
have a confidence on the product he wants to make payment
for online or place order for, is possible for buyer to like the
color and appearance of a cloth but on delivery of the
product he/she may not like the texture of the cloth but with
VR software buyer can feel the texture before placing the
order such as taste of the product which can be done in
virtual environment.
Implementing VR software will increase the business
productivity since it will increase the customer rate of order.
There is no doubt with the fact that virtual reality holds
immense potential to transform our lives for the better. With
the gaming industry reaping huge benefits from the world of
virtual reality, its impact has spread in other domains as
well. One of these domains is healthcare and medicine.
The kind of three-dimensional, immersive experience that
virtual reality provides is highly beneficial for Business
owner. In fact, it has been estimated that by 2020, the global
market for virtual reality will reach $3.8 billion with no
chances of it slowing down.
In addition to the above scenario, there are a number of
situations where the implementation of virtual reality can
solve a number of major problems in the businesssector.
4. Methodology and Analysis of this technology
User will enter into the virtual world with aid of Haptic
devices that contain 3D demisional input and output device
such as Glove that can detect the joint angle of the user
finger. It will measure the finger flexion with help of fiber
optic sensor, the glove also contain the tracker that being
attached to user wrist to measure it position and orientation,
there is a software program (Haptic interface) that relate all
the hardware component to the user and An algorithms such
as collision detection algorithm, Response algorithm and
control algorithm. The haptic device contain a force
feedback that interact with muscle, joint and tendons that
gives the human sensation of pressure, temperature or
texture. i.e user will feel all the sensation of the object in
Virtual environment. The part of haptic device called haptic
rendering will calculate the sense of touch by obtaining the
user position within the virtual environment and Actuator
will read the data sent by the haptic rendering and transform
it into perceivable information by human. The user will now
completely immersed in that world and believe he/she is in
the virtual world this process is called telepresence. All the
data that Actuator has converted into perceivable
information will now be compressed to reduce the size of the
information without losing any content (Data compression)
and it will now be forwarded to user in the real time with aid
of tele-haptic, the part of haptic devices responsible for
transmitting the sensation from virtual environment and real
time vice versa.
Paper ID: 8071702 DOI: 10.21275/8071702 1114

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5. Images representation of virtual reality
Paper ID: 8071702 DOI: 10.21275/8071702 1115

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6. Conclusion
By continuing to advance this technology, virtual reality can
become more realistic, making itsapplications more
sophisticated. Military trainees would be able to pick up
objects in the virtual space. Likewise, doctors could interact
with their patients on a physical level during simulations. As
such, it is my opinion that such technology as the Wolverine
Haptic Device is a reasonable way to improve upon virtual
reality and make it even more engaging. The technology of
virtual reality is advancing rapidly and it won‟t be long
before it becomes a most exciting source of entertainment,
online shopping and put „touch , feel‟ into long-distance
relationships in our homes in nearest future.
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Author Profile
Mr. Sanni Hafiz Oluwasola received degree in BSc. Information
technology, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology,
Aliero, Kebbi State Nigeria.
Mr. Ibrahim MunirAyinde did MSc. Computer Science,
University of Ilorin, Ilorin Nigeria.
Paper ID: 8071702 DOI: 10.21275/8071702 1116

Virtual Reality (bring distant near)

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