Visual Aids.pptx
- 2. Visual aids, generally referred to as an illustration, is a visual representation such as a drawing, painting, photograph, or other work of art that stresses the subject more than form. To understand its necessity let us perform two activities. Technical reports, like laboratory reports, project reports, or feasibility reports, include illustrations such as tables, graphs, maps, diagrams, charts, or photographs.
- 3. Consider this passage : In a blood bank, there are total of 33 units of different blood groups. There are 12 units of O+ve blood, 7 units of A+ blood, 4 units of A- blood, 8 units of B+ blood, 9 units of AB+ blood, 3 units of AB- blood and no units of B- blood.
- 5. Now consider this passage : In a locality, the percentage of men and women is recorded every decade. It is done for 10 consecutive decades and the records are as follows: 68% of men and 32% of women were present in 1960. In 1970, it was recorded that 63% of men and 37% of women lived in the locality. In 1980, men comprised 73% and women 27%. 67% of men and 33% of women population was recorded in 1990. In 2000, it was recorded that 61% were men and 39% were women. 51% of men and 49% of women were recorded in 2010. In 2020, it is recorded that 46% are men and 54% are women.
- 6. Visual aids reduces the space and increases the efficiency of communication.
- 7. 1) Laptop 2) Aero plane 3) Mouse 4) Notebook 5) Calculator 6) Speaker 7) Photo Frame 8) Billiards 9) Coconut 10)Kettle
- 10. The human brain is more responsive towards illustrations than letters and words.
- 11. Concepts Depicts non-physical, conceptual things and their relationships. To show how a company is organized, that is, the relationships between the different departments and officials, organization chart—boxes and circles connected with lines that show how everything is hierarchically arranged and related. Objects Photographs, drawings, diagrams, and schematics are the types of graphics that show objects. To describe a fuel-injection system, we probably need a drawing or diagram to explain the system properly.
- 12. Numbers Numbers are used while presenting data and statistics. If you are discussing the rising cost of housing in a particular city, you could use a table, with the columns showing the data for five year periods since 1995. Words Graphics are also used to depict words. You have probably noticed how textbooks put key definitions and examples in boxes with words.
- 13. To further understand visual aids, let us answer the following questions: • When to use? • How to use? • Why to use? • What are the types? Illustrations are very effective when there is a mass of statistics and complex ideas to be represented. Statistical data is best explained through tables, graphs, charts, maps, diagrams, or photographs. When ?
- 14. • Arouses interest and focuses on essentials • Leads the reader to quicker comprehension • Supports and reinforces words • Saves much time and effort in explaining complex ideas • Explains the data in much lesser space but with greater accuracy • Simplifies numerical data • Emphasizes and clarifies certain facts and relationships • Makes the descriptions vivid and eye-catching • Renders a professional flavour to the communication Why ?
- 15. • neat, accurate, and self-contained • appropriate to the data • labelled completely • self-contained • integrated with the text • placed as close to the first reference as possible • sized appropriately so that they are clear even upon reproduction • such that they create a good balance between the verbal and the visual How ?
- 17. A Table is a representation of data in vertical and horizontal subsets called columns and rows respectively. Numerical and statistical data are usually represented in the form of tables. Sometimes, data in the form of phrases are also represented in a table. There are three types of tables : i) Independent Tables ii) Dependent Tables iii) Phrase Tables
- 20. Line graphs Line graphs are used to show continuous change with respect to time. For example, the increase, decrease, or no change in temperature along with time can be depicted through a line graph.
- 21. Bar graphs Bar graphs are effective in emphasizing the comparison of various data items. They can be used to depict the quantity of different items during the same period or the same item during different periods.
- 22. Scatter Plots A scatter graph is used to show the correlation between two variables. Usually, dots (•) or crosses (×) are used to represent the data. The association or dependency of the variables depends upon four factors: Direction, Curvature, Variation and Outliers.
- 23. Pictograms are similar to bar graphs, with figures or small pictures plotted instead of bars. The pictures are chosen in accordance with the variables represented. Pictogram/ Pictorial graph
- 24. Area graphs Area graphs can be used to show how something changes over time. Usually, the x axis represents the time period and the y axis represents the variable being measured. These graphs also help to compare trends over a period of time.
- 25. Charts are often used to make it easier to understand large quantities of data and the relationships between different parts of the data. In technical documents, drawings and diagrams are used to depict the objects, processes, circuits, etc. that are being described. Diagrams can be used to show the normal, sectional, or cut-away view of an object.
- 27. Flowchart
- 28. Photographs Photographs are often used in feasibility, recommendation, and evaluation reports.
- 29. Maps graphically represent spatial relationships on plane surfaces. They are used to establish a frame of reference and to facilitate the understanding of spatial relationships that are difficult to describe in words, especially to serve as navigational aid. Maps can be represented for any area irrespective of its size. In Communication, maps are considered as the most important visual aid, as it could give lots of information about a large geographical area in a small piece of paper. • Sky map • World map • Political map • State map • City map • Layout map