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Similar to vital statistics 2 (mortality rates)()المحاضرة دي من أهم المحاضرات اللي بييجي منها في الامتحان.pptx.pptx
vital statistics 2 (mortality rates)()المحاضرة دي من أهم المحاضرات اللي بييجي منها في الامتحان.pptx.pptx
- 1. VITAL STATISTICS (MORTALITY RATES) Prof.Dr/Eman Abdel-Azeem
- 2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Tounderstand the how vital statistics are used in Public Health To understand the measures of mortality, fertility, morbidity that are based on vital statistics
- 4. VITAL STATISTICS statistics concernedwith vital events as birth, fertility, marriage, morbidity and mortality
- 5. SOURCES OF VITALSTATISTICS Census Registration of Vital Events Morbidity Surveys
- 6. RATE, PER CENT,RATIO AND PROPORTION Rate: The number of events in a specified period divided by the population at risk of these events multiplied by (k) a constant. The numerator is a part of the denominator: a Rate = —— X k a* b a = positive cases b = negative cases k = a constant to get a whole number to avoid fractions: e.g. 100, 1000, 10.000
- 7. RATE, PER CENT,RATIO AND PROPORTION Percent: If k = 100, the rate will be a percent Ratio: The ratio expresses the frequency of occurrence of a specified event in relation to a second event = a/b e.g males/females
- 8. RATE, PER CENT,RATIO AND PROPORTION Proportion: The proportion describes the number of cases with a particular characteristic expressed as a portion of all cases. It is a type of ratio in which the event in the numerator is also represented in the denominator = A/(A+B).
- 9. MORTALITY RATES (DEATHRATES) computed for an entire population 1) Crude death rates (CDR): Total number of deaths in certain area and year X 1000 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mid-year population in the same area and year Crude death rate in Egypt in 2014 was 4.77/1000 population Example: In a governorate, Yr - population: 5000; deaths: 25 Crude Death Rate = 25/5000 x 1000 5 deaths per 1000 per year
- 11. …………….. Example: Country,Yr - age group: 25-34 yrs; population: 5,000,000; deaths: 200,000 Age-specific death rate= 200,000/5,000,000 x 1000 = 40 deaths per 1000 population per year for age group 25-34
- 14. CAUSE SPECIFIC MORTALITYRATE No. of deaths from a certain cause in a certain area and year x100000 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mid-year population in the same area and year Example: Country, Yr - cause: accidents; population: 5,000,000; deaths: 4,000 Cause-specific death rate= 4,000/5,000,000 x 100,000 = 80 accidental deaths per 100,000 population per year
- 15. PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY RATE No.of deaths from a certain cause in a certain area and year x 1000 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- No. of deaths from all causes in the same area and year Example: Country, Yr - total deaths from all causes: 1,500,000; deaths from cancer: 675,000 Proportional mortality ratio= 675,000/1,500,000 x 100 = 45% of total deaths per year from cancer
- 17. CASE FATALITY RATE: No.of deaths from a certain disease in a certain area and year X 100 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- No. of notified cases in the same area and year Example: Country, Yr - report number of male AIDS cases: 45,000; deaths from the disease: 37,000. Case-fatality proportion: 37,000/45,000 x 100 = 82.2% mortality among reported cases of AIDS
- 18. INFANT MORTALITY AGE AT DEATH FromTo Stillbirth pregnancy week 28 Birth Perinatal pregnancy week 28 1 week Neonatal Birth 4 weeks Early neonatal Late neonatal Birth1 week 1 week 4 weeks Post neonatal 4 weeks 1 year
- 19. MEASUREMENTS OF MORTALITYIN EARLY LIFE
- 20. INFANT MORTALITY RATE No.of deaths of infants (0-1 year) in a certain area and year x 1000 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- No. of live births in the same area and year Example: State, Yr - live births: 325,000; infant deaths: 1,750 Infant mortality= 1,750/325,000 x 1000 = 5.4 infant deaths per 1000 live births per year
- 21. NEONATAL MORTALITY RATE No.of deaths of infants (0-1 m) in a certain area and year x 1000 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- No. of live births in the same area and year Example: State, Yr - deaths at <28 days=2,750; live births: 325,000 Neonatal mortality proportion= 2,750/325,000 x 1000 = 8.5 neonatal deaths per 1000 live births
- 22. POST NEONATAL MORTALITYRATE No. of deaths of infants (1 m-1y) in a certain area and year x 1000 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- No. of live births in the same area and year
- 23. STILL BIRTH RATE(FOETAL DEATH RATIO) No. of fetal deaths (28 w pregnancy or more) in a certain area and year x 1000 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- No. of total births (live and still) in the same area and year Example: State, Yr - fetal deaths: 2,450; live births: 525,000 Fetal death ratio = 2,450/525,000 x 1000 = 4.7 fetal deaths per 1000 live births
- 24. PERI-NATAL MORTALITY RATE No.of deaths in the peri-natal period (28 w pregnancy to 1 w after birth) in a certain area and year x 1000 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- No. of total births (live and still) in the same area and year Example: State, Yr - fetal deaths: 3,250; neonatal deaths in the 1st week After labour: 5,750; live births: 475,000 Perinatal mortality proportion= 3,250+5,750/475,000+ 3,250 x 1000 = 18.8 perinatal deaths per 1000 fetal deaths plus live births
- 25. UNDER 5 MORTALITYRATE No. of deaths of children (1-5 years) in a certain area and year x 1000 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- No. of population of the same age, area and year
- 26. MATERNAL MORTALITY No. ofdeaths of mothers due to pregnancy, labour and puerperium X100,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ No. of live births in the same area and year Example: Country, Yr - deaths due to puerperal causes: 275; live births: 1,750,000. Maternal mortality ratio: 275/1,750,000 x 100,000 = 15.71 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births per year
- 27. Measure Numerator Denominator Expressedper number at Risk (10 Crude Mortality Rate Total number of deaths reported during a given year Estimated mid-year population 1,000 or 100,000 Cause-specific Mortality Rate No of deaths assigned to a specific cause during a given year time interval Estimated mid-year population 100,000 Proportion ate Mortality Ratio No of deaths assigned to a specific cause during a given year Total number of deaths from all causes during the same year 100 or 1,000 Case-fatality Rate No of deaths assigned to a specific disease during a given in a period of time No of diagnosed cases of that disease reported during the same period of time 100 Age-specific Mortality Rate No of deaths in an age group in a year Estimated mid-year population in that age group 1,000 or 100,000 Neonatal Mortality Rate No of deaths under 28 days of age during a year No of live births during the same year 1,000 Post neonatal Mortality Rate No of deaths from 28 days to, but not including 1 year of age during a year No of live births during the same year 1,000 Infant Mortality Rate No of deaths under 1 year of age during a year No of live births reported during the same year 1,000 Fetal Mortality Rate No of fetal deaths (28 weeks + gestation) in a year No of live births + fetal deaths during the same year 1,000 Perinatal Mortality Rate No of fetal deaths (28 weeks + gestation) + infant deaths < 7 days of age in a year No of fetal deaths + live births during the same year 1,000 Maternal Mortality Rate No of deaths assigned to pregnancy- related causes during a year No of live births during the same year 100,000
Editor's Notes
- #2 Textbooks used to prepare this lecture can be found in the following annotated bibliographies on my Web site: <UL> <LI><B><A HREF= “http://home.beseen.com/technology/bcjung/Biostats.htm”> Annotated Biostatistics Bibliography </A></B></LI> <LI><B><A HREF= “http://home.beseen.com/technology/bcjung/Epi.htm”>Annotated Epidemiology Bibliography </A></B></LI> <LI><B><A HREF= “http://home.beseen.com/technology/bcjung/Stats.htm”>Annotated Statistics Bibliography </A></B></LI></LI></UL> The main source of information is from: Jan W. Kuzma (1998). Basic Statistics for the Health Sciences. 3rd Edition. CA:Mayfield Publishing Company
- #5 These sources are usually provided for defined populations (i.e., cities, states, political entities). Morbidity data have usually been hospital and clinic data, which means the populations of reference may not be easy to define. Changes in health care delivery will have an impact on hospital and clinic data. In the U.S., the trend has been to hospitalize only the most sickest, and then for the shortest length of time. For example, “length of stay” may no longer be truly reflective of “severity of illness.”