![INTRODUCTION
• THE VITAMIN COMES FROM LATIN WORD "VITA", MEANS "LIFE".
• VITAMINS ARE ORGANIC COMPONENT IN FOOD WHICH ARE
REQUIRED IN VERY SMALL AMOUNT FOR GROWTH AND
MAINTAINING GOOD HEALTH
• Essential nutrients cannot be synthesized in the organism, either at all
or not in sufficient quantities, and therefore must be obtained
through the diet. Vitamin C can be synthesized by some species but
not by others; it is not a vitamin in the first instance but is in the
second. The term vitamin does not include the three other groups
of essential nutrients: minerals, essential fatty acids, and essential
amino acids.[2] Most vitamins are not single molecules, but groups of
related molecules called vitamers.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/vitamin1assignment1-210915075631/85/Vitamin-1-assignment-1-3-320.jpg)
Vitamin 1 assignment (1)
- 1. PRESENTATION ON VITAMINS PRESENTED BY NAME- SAHIL DAS BSC MICROBIOLOGY DEPT.(2ND SEM)1ST YEAR ROLL N0. 20S0734 YEAR- 2020-2021
- 2. CONTENTS •1. INTRODUCTION •2. SOURCE •3. IMPORTANCE •4. DEFICIENCY SYNDROME
- 3. INTRODUCTION • THE VITAMIN COMES FROM LATIN WORD "VITA", MEANS "LIFE". • VITAMINS ARE ORGANIC COMPONENT IN FOOD WHICH ARE REQUIRED IN VERY SMALL AMOUNT FOR GROWTH AND MAINTAINING GOOD HEALTH • Essential nutrients cannot be synthesized in the organism, either at all or not in sufficient quantities, and therefore must be obtained through the diet. Vitamin C can be synthesized by some species but not by others; it is not a vitamin in the first instance but is in the second. The term vitamin does not include the three other groups of essential nutrients: minerals, essential fatty acids, and essential amino acids.[2] Most vitamins are not single molecules, but groups of related molecules called vitamers.
- 4. • WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS CANNOT BE STORED IN HUMAN TISSUES.THEIR EXCESS IS SECRETED WITH URINE. • SIGNIFICANT AMOUNT OF FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS CAN BE STORED IN ADIPOSE TISSUE AND THE LIVER. • SYNTHETIC VITAMINS ARE IDENTICAL TO NATURAL VITAMINS. • ONCE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT ARE COMPLETED , VITAMINS REMAIN ESSENTIAL NUTRIENT FOR THE HEALTHY MAINTAINENCE OF THE CELLS TISSUES AND ORGANS. • Vitamins also differ from the other biological compounds in that relatively small quantities are needed to complete their functions. In general these functions are of a catalytic or regulatory nature, facilitating or controlling vital chemical reactions in the body’s cells. If a vitamin is absent from the diet or is not properly absorbed by the body, a specific deficiency disease may develop.
- 5. • Vitamins are organic compounds that are traditionally assigned to two groups fat- soluble(hydrophobic) or water- soluble (hydrophilic). This classification determines where they act in the body. Water- soluble vitamins act in the cytosol of cells or in extracellular fluids such as blood; fat-soluble vitamins are largely responsible for protecting cell membranes from free radical damage. The body can synthesize some vitamins, but others must be obtained from the diet.
- 6. SOURCES OF VITAMINS • FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS • Vitamin A: • Dark-colored fruits • Dark leafy vegetables • Egg yolk • Fortified milk and dairy products (cheese, yogurt, butter, and cream)
- 7. • Liver, beef, and fish • Vitamin D: • Fish (fatty fish such as salmon, mackerel, herring, and orange roughy) • Fish liver oils (cod liver oil) • Fortified cereals • Fortified milk and dairy products (cheese, yogurt, butter, and cream) • Vitamin E: • Avocado • Dark green vegetables (spinach, broccoli, asparagus, and turnip greens) • Margarine (made from safflower, corn, and sunflower oil) • Oils (safflower, corn, and sunflower) • Papaya and mango • Seeds and nuts • Wheat germ and wheat germ oil
- 8. •Vitamin K: • Cabbage • Cauliflower • Cereals • Dark green vegetables (broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and asparagus) • Dark leafy vegetables (spinach, kale, collards, and turnip greens) • Fish, liver, beef, and eggs • WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS • Biotin: • Chocolate • Cereal
- 9. • Egg yolk • Legumes • Milk • Nuts • Organ meats (liver, kidney) • Pork • Yeast • Folate: • Asparagus and broccoli • Beets • Brewer's yeast • Dried beans (cooked pinto, navy, kidney, and lima) • Fortified cereals
- 10. • Niacin (vitamin B3): • Avocado • Eggs • Enriched breads and fortified cereals • Fish (tuna and salt-water fish) • Lean meats • Legumes • Nuts • Potato • Poultry • Vitamin B12: • Meat • Eggs • Fortified foods such as soymilk
- 11. • Milk and milk products • Organ meats (liver and kidney) • Poultry • Shellfis • Vitamin C (ascorbic acid): • Broccoli • Brussels sprouts • Cabbage • Cauliflower • Citrus fruits • Potatoes • Spinach • Strawberries • Tomatoes and tomato juice
- 12. IMPORTANCE OF VITAMINS • Importance of Vitamins Our body needs a minute amount of vitamins and minerals each day to remain healthy, function properly and prevent future health problem i.e., insufficiency of vitamins in the diet leads to deficiency diseases and many other serious in the future. Many of the recent studies proved that the incidence of cancer, diabetes, obesity and heart diseases in older people is directly related to insufficient supplement of nutrition during childhood and adulthood. The point of sufficient supplement of nutrition i.e., vitamins can only be reach through receiving a balanced diet every day. Besides that the importance of receiving a balanced diet each day came from that our bodies do not have the ability to synthesize or create vitamins. • The Top 3 Reasons to Take Vitamins • Keep Our Bodies in Good Working Order • Vitamins work hard to keep our bodies functioning properly and they help drive essential processes needed in our everyday lives. Each nutrient is on a mission to deliver health benefits that help you reach your wellness goals.
- 13. • Healthy Aging • Our cells experience wear and tear as time passes, but proper nutrition can slow down this process. Vitamins, like antioxidants, function to protect cells from environmental stressors, helping to support healthy aging. • Cover Your Nutritional Bases • We do our best to eat healthy, but some nutrients are hard to get from food alone. A multivitamin can ensure you meet your regular daily requirements for all the essential vitamins and minerals.
- 14. • What Can Vitamins Do for You? • Support Immunity • Good nutrition makes for a durable immune system. Your immune system relies on what you put into your body, and certain nutrients are known for their immune-supporting benefits. • Vitamin C is considered one of the biggest immune supporters. It's an antioxidant that protects your cells from damage caused by oxidative stress from free radicals, which are unstable molecules. Zinc is also critical for immune cell development and communication and studies indicate that it may promote immune health.2
- 15. • Support a Healthy Metabolism • B-complex vitamins, like thiamin, riboflavin, folate, biotin, and vitamins B6 and B12 collaborate with other enzymes in your body to metabolize energy from protein, fats, and carbohydrates. Staying physically active and eating a healthy diet also help to maintain a healthy metabolism—factors that are important for healthy aging and your overall health.3 • Maintain Strong Bones • You probably already know that calcium is critical for healthy bones. But did you know that calcium needs vitamin D to successfully fulfill its job of helping to build healthy bones? The skin produces vitamin D following direct exposure to sunlight, but the necessary use of sunscreen, weak winter sunlight, and poor skin absorption all work against production of this vital nutrient. And though vitamin D is added to milk, many people don't drink enough dairy products to benefit.4
- 16. VITAMIN DEFFICIENCY SYNDROME • What are Deficiency Diseases? • A balanced diet is extremely important for the good health of a person. Any imbalance in the diet might lead to excess or insufficient intake of certain nutrients. Insufficient intake of a particular nutrient can lead to a deficiency disease. • Vitamin Deficiency Diseases • Vitamin is a micronutrient that is not prepared by the body in sufficient amounts. This is the reason why it is necessary to take in from outside sources for the normal functioning of the body. Inadequate intake of vitamins results in vitamin deficiency diseases. • Following is the list of some of the vitamins and the deficiency diseases caused by them: • Vitamin A • It is an important micronutrient that is obtained from different food sources such as carrots, spinach, milk, egg, liver and fish. It is required for normal vision, reproduction, growth and healthy immune system of an individual. • Most of the children below five years of age suffer from xerophthalmia, a serious eye disorder, in which the child is at risk of becoming blind. Vitamin A deficiency in a pregnant woman can lead to complications during pregnancy and childbirth.
- 17. • Vitamin B • Vitamin B can be of different types, such as Vitamin B1, B2, B12 etc. The deficiency diseases depend on the type of Vitamin B that a person is lacking. • Vitamin B1: Deficiency of vitamin B1 causes beriberi, that results in weak muscles and severe weight loss. Acute deficiency can lead to paralysis and cardiac failure. • Vitamin B6: Lack of vitamin B6 causes deficiency diseases such as anaemia and certain skin disorders such as cracks around the mouth. It can also lead to depression and nervous breakdowns. • Vitamin B12: Lack of vitamin B12 causes pernicious anaemia. Other diseases related to B12 deficiency are muscle and nerve paralysis, extreme fatigue, dementia and depression. • Vitamin C • Deficiency of vitamin C can cause scurvy, a disease that is characterised by bleeding gums, skin spots and swelling in joints. It also affects the immune system and can even be fatal in acute conditions. • Vitamin D • Vitamin D deficiency causes rickets, which leads to weakening of bones, especially near the joints. It can also lead to the decaying of teeth.
- 18. • Vitamin K • Vitamin K is an important blood coagulating nutrient. Its deficiency is common in infants and leads to excessive bleeding due to the inability to form blood clots. • List of diseases. • Vitamin A——— Night blindness • Vitamin B1———Beriberi • Vitamin B2——– Ariboflavinosis • Vitamin B3 ——–Pellagra • Vitamin B5 ——–Paresthesia • Vitamin B6 ——–Anemia • Vitamin B7 —— Dermatitis, enteritis • Vitamin B9 & Vitamin B12 —– Megaloblastic anemia • Vitamin C —— Scurvy, Swelling of Gums • Vitamin D —— Rickets & Osteomalacia • Vitamin E —— Less Fertility • Vitamin K —— Non-Clotting of Blood
- 20. •THANK YOU