Volcanoes

Volcanoes

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  VOLCANOES A volcanois a mountain that opens downward to a pool of molten rock below the surface of the earth. When pressure builds up, eruptions occur. Gases and rock shoot up through the opening and spill over or fill the air with lava fragments. Eruptions can cause lateral blasts, lava flows, hot ash flows, mudslides, avalanches, falling ash and floods. Volcano eruptions have been known to knock down entire forests. An erupting volcano can trigger tsunamis, flash floods, earthquakes, mudflows and rockfalls.
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  How are volcanoesformed? Volcanoes are formed when magma from within the Earth's upper mantle works its way to the surface. At the surface, it erupts to form lava flows and ash deposits. Over time as the volcano continues to erupt, it will get bigger and bigger.
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  What are thedifferent stages of volcanoes? ACTIVE-one which has recently erupted and there is a possibility that it may erupt soon. DOMINANT-one which has not erupted in a long time but there is a possibility it can erupt in the future. EXTINCT-one which has erupted thousands of years ago and there’s no possibility of eruption.
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  ACTIVE MT. BULUSAN MAYON VOLCANO MOUNT KANLAON
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  EXTINCT MT. ASHITAKAMT. BUNINYONG
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  MT. FUJI MT.EDZIZA MT. RAINIER DOMANT
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  Why do volcanoeserupt? The Earth's crust is made up of huge slabs called plates, which fit together like a jigsaw puzzle. These plates sometimes move. The friction causes earthquakes and volcanic eruptions near the edges of the plates. The theory that explains this process is called plate tectonics.
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  What are platetectonics? The theory of plate tectonics is a continents drifting from place to place breaking apart, colliding, and grinding against each other. The plate tectonic theory is supported by a wide range of evidence that considers the earth's crust and upper mantle to be composed of several large, thin, relatively rigid plates that move relative to one another. The plates are all moving in different directions and at different speeds. Sometimes the plates crash together, pull apart or sideswipe each other. When this happens, it commonly results in earthquakes.
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  How many volcanoesare there? There are more than 1500 active volcanoes on the Earth. We currently know of 80 or more which are under the oceans. Active volcanoes in the U.S. are found mainly in Hawaii, Alaska, California, Oregon and Washington.
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  The different typesof volcanoes Cinder Cones- are circular or oval cones made up of small fragments of lava from a single vent that have been blown into the air, cooled and fallen around the vent. Composite Volcanoes- are steep-sided volcanoes composed of many layers of volcanic rocks, usually made from high-viscosity lava, ash and rock debris. Mt. Rainier and Mount St. Helens are examples of this type of volcano.
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  Shield Volcanoes- arevolcanoes shaped like a bowl or shield in the middle with long gentle slopes made by basaltic flows. Basalt lava flows from these volcanoes are called flood basalts. The volcanoes that formed the basalt of the Columbia Plateau were shield volcanoes. Lava Volcanoes- are formed when erupting lava is too thick to flow and makes a steep-sided mound as the lava piles up near the volcanic vent.
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  Volcano Safety Tips •Have a disaster plan and know whether or not you are at risk for danger •Be prepared for mudslides, flash floods, earthquakes, ash falling, acid rain and tsunamis. •Prepare a disaster supplies kit for your home and car. Include a first aid kit, canned food and a can opener, bottled water, battery-operated radio, flashlight, protective clothing, dust mask, goggles and sturdy shoes. •Don't forget, know all of your evacuation routes.
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  During a VolcanicEruption •Follow the evacuation order issued by authorities. •Avoid areas downwind and river valleys downstream of the volcano. •Avoid areas downwind and river valleys downstream of the volcano. •If you’re trapped outdoors, seek shelter indoors. •If you’re caught in falling rocks, roll into a ball and protect your head. •If you’re caught near a stream, be aware of mudflows and move to higher ground. •Protect yourself when ash falls by wearing long-sleeved shirts and long pants. •Use goggles to protect your eyes. •Wear a dust mask and keep car engines off.
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  AFTER A VOLCANOERUPTS •Cover you mouth and nose. Volcanic ash can irritate your respiratory system. •Wear goggles and protect your eyes. •Keep your skin covered. •Clear roofs of ash, because the ash is very heavy and can cause the building to collapse.
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  EARTHQUAKE S