Vroom's ppt

Vroom's ppt

• 1.
  Victor Vroom’s ExpectancyTheory
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  Victor Vroom’s ExpectancyTheoryThe theory assumes that behavior results from conscious choices among alternatives whose purpose is to maximize pleasure and minimize pain. The key elements to this theory are referred to as following- 1. Valence (V) 2. Instrumentality (I) 3. Expectancy (E)
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  ValenceThe term refersto the emotional orientation people hold with respect to outcomes (rewards).
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  Valence may varyfrom -1 to +1.
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  Valence is negativeif the individual prefers not attaining an outcome compared with attaining it.
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  Valence is zeroif the individual is indifferent to the outcome.
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  Valence is positiveif the individual has the strong preference to the outcome.
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  The Valence ofthe individual must be positive if motivation were to take place.InstrumentalityThe Instrumentality refers to the belief that the first level outcome will lead to the second level outcome .
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  The valueof Instrumentality varies from 0 to 1. If an employee sees that promotions are based on performance, instrumentality will be rated high.
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  A lowestimate of instrumentality will be made if the employee fails to see such linkage between performance and reward.ExpectancyExpectancy refers to the belief that an effort will lead to completion of a task.
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  The value ofExpectancy varies between 0 to 1.
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  If an employeesees no chance that effort will lead to the desired performance, the expectancy is zero.
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  On the otherhand if the employee is confident that the task will be completed , the expectancy has a value of 1.Motivational Force
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  Managerial Implications ofExpectancy theory According to Expectancy theory- Motivation= Valence x Instrumentality x Expectancy
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  Influence of componentsin Expectancy theory of motivation