WAN technologies power point presentation
- 2. A Wide Area Network (WAN) is a telecommunication network that spans a large geographic area. It usually connects two or more Local Area Networks (LAN) by means of dedicated lines or packet/circuit switching.
- 3. Characteristics of a WAN The best example of a Wide Area Network is The Internet! A WAN consists of a large numbers of nodes/hosts that are interconnected by a subnet To be considered a WAN, the network must span 30+ miles
- 4. WAN Applications Wide Area Networks can be used in most any application of transmitting voice, video, or data across long distances Voice: most phone service providers merge hundreds & thousands of analog phone calls onto a single digital medium for transmission across town or across the country Video: dedicated WAN systems, such as ATM(explained later) allow for high-quality video stream with low latency Data: the creation of a direct connection between twonodes on a private WAN is much more efficient & secure that sending data across with general Internet traffic
- 5. WAN Connection Types WAN Private Dedicated Leased Lines T1, T3, E3….etc. Switched Circuit- Switched PSTN ISDN Packet- Switched Frame Relay ATM Public Internet Broadband VPN DSL Cable Modem
- 6. WAN Technologies A WAN can use multiple types of telecommunication mediums… Copper Wire Fiber Optic Cabling Radio Links Satellite Links The Data Link Layer (OSI layer 2) uses various protocols along these mediums to describe how frames are encapsulated & transmitted. Some common ones are… Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) Integrated Service Digital Network (ISDN) Frame Relay Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
- 7. Leased Lines Dedicated connections that are usually leased through a network carrier Available in various capacities depending upon distance between sites & bandwidth required. While very reliable, cost is considerably more than other WAN options that utilize shared (switch) connections
- 8. Circuit Switching Networks These networks establish a dedicated circuit (or channel) between nodes for users to communicate This means that every switch along the network is set in such a fashion that the data flows continuously from node to node
- 9. Public Switched Telephone Network A Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) network that may consist of more than one leg between two hosts, however the source & destination are connected by a direct connection Very popular option for using a dial-up telephone modems. This is an example of a circuit-switched network Authentication is supported with Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) & Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP)
- 10. Integrated Service Digital Network International communication standard for sending voice, video & data via telephone wires Works much like PSTN, but offers higher speeds closer to DSL rather than 56Kbps analog dial-up service
- 11. Packet Switching Networks In contrast to circuit switching, packet switching splits traffic into packets that are individually routed over a shared network DO NOT require a dedicated circuit to be established; allows many pairs of nodes to communicate over the same channel Each switch in the network routes a packet based upon the addressing information in the header frame
- 12. Packet Switching Networks (cont.) Connectionless Systems carry full addressing information requiring each switch to completely evaluate routing Connection-Oriented Systems predetermine the route for each packet. Packets are only required to carry an identifier in the header Each switch has a table of predetermined routes that correspond to different identifies stored in memory. The identifier on the packet is checked with this listing & then assigned a route by the router
- 13. Frame Relay Creates a private network connection through a carrier's network T1 Line (or other leased line) from network carrier along with a frame- relay port. The network can be designed to include as many nodes as needed, each connected via a Permanent Virtual Circuit (PVC). This is an example of packet-switched network This option is fairly cheap because each connecting node only needs a PVC & leased line to be connected with the WAN This technology is slowly being replaced by faster services
- 14. Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM is a dedicated connection-oriented switching system that organizes all data into 53-byte cells before digitally sending them Each cell is processed asynchronously relative to other cells & is queued before being multiplexed over the transmission path Low latency coupled with speeds up to 10Gbps, makes the technology ideal with high intensity video data applications
- 15. WAN Connection Types WAN Private Dedicated Leased Lines T1, T3, E3….etc. Switched Circuit- Switched PSTN ISDN Packet- Switched Frame Relay ATM Public Internet Broadband VPN DSL Cable Modem
- 16. Public WAN’s The Internet In contrary to private WAN’s, public WAN’s have no isolation between users/customers Cheaper, greater bandwidth (usually gigabit or higher) DSL, Cable Modem, Fiber Optic, etc. Companies can create virtual WAN’s by use of technologies such as VPN that “tunnel” & encrypt traffic over the general-public Internet
- 17. Public WAN’s Threat to Private WAN’s Virtual Private Networks (VPN) allows the creation a ofvirtual point-to-point connection means of dedicated connections, tunneling protocols, or traffic encryption. These networks are much cheaper than WAN’s & allow more flexibility as they only need an Internet connection to operate. Cloud computing is more cheaper & simple to utilize in most applications today. In 2014, one survey of IT professionals indicated that nearly 50% of those currently using WAN technologies were in the process of
- 19. REVIEW: WAN Connection Types WAN Private Dedicated Leased Lines T1, T3, E3….etc. Switched Circuit- Switched PSTN ISDN Packet- Switched Frame Relay ATM Public Internet Broadban d VPN DSL Cable Modem