Water in the atmosphere and Weather Pattern
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Fogged up windows and bad hair days are caused by humidity in the air. Water vapor condenses as clouds, dew, frost or fog depending on temperature. Clouds form through various processes and can be classified into categories like stratus, cumulus or cirrus clouds based on their shape and altitude. Air masses and fronts influence weather patterns as different air masses collide and interact.
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Water in the atmosphere and Weather Pattern
- 2. WHAT DO FOGGED-UP WINDOW ON A COLD WINTER MORNING AND A BAD HAIR DAY IN COMMON?
- 3. HUMIDITY • The amount of water vapor in the air. • Warm, tropical air tends to contain more water vapor than cold, polar air does. RELATIVE HUMIDITY -is the ratio of the amount of water vapor in the air to the maximum amount of water vapor that can exist at that temperature. -when relative humidity reaches 100%, AIR IS SAID TO BE SATURATED.
- 4. RELATIVE HUMIDITY The maximum amount of water that can exist as a gas is greater at high temperature than at low temperature. Ex: After sunset, the temperature often decreases, and so the maximum amount of water vapor that the atmosphere can hold also decreases.
- 5. Dew point • The temperature at which air becomes saturated. • If the temperature drops further, water vapor will condense. WATER VAPOR TYPICALLY CONDENSES AS: 1. DEW 3. CLOUDS OR FOG 2. FROST
- 6. 1. DEW - Is water vapor that condenses on Earth’s surface. 2. FROST - Forms when the dew point of air is below freezing. - Is formed when water vapor in air changes directly from a gas to solid crystals.
- 7. CLOUDS
- 8. CLOUDS FORMATION CLOUD – is a dense, visible mass of tiny water droplets or ice crystals that are suspended in the atmosphere. CLOUDS FORM as warm, moist air rises and water vapor condenses in the atmosphere
- 10. CLASSIFYING CLOUDS • THREE BASIC CLOUD FORMS: 1. Stratus 2. Cumulus 3. Cirrus
- 11. CLASSIFYING CLOUDS 1. STRATUS CLOUDS - Comes from Latin word meaning “to spread out” Nimbo- or Nimbus- -is added to a cloud’s name, it means that the cloud produces precipitation. Ex. Nimbostratus clouds Alto- -is added to a cloud’s name, it means middle- level clouds. • Altostratus clouds
- 12. CLASSIFYING CLOUDS 2. CUMULUS CLOUDS -come from Latin for “heap” -fair-weather clouds 3. CIRRUS CLOUD - Thin, white, wispy clouds, often with a feathery or veil- like appearance. Cirros- -is used to described high- altitude clouds
- 14. FOG -is a cloud that is near or touching the ground. -it often form when warm, moist air passes over land.
- 15. FORMS OF PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION – occurs when water droplets or ice crystals in clouds join together and become large enough to fall to the ground without evaporating.
- 16. THE MOST COMMON TYPES OF PRECIPITATION: RAIN SNOW SLEET HAIL FREEZING RAIN
- 17. WEATHER PATTERNS
- 18. Air Masses It is a large body of air that has fairly uniform physical properties.
- 19. Characteristics of Air Mass 1. Air mass must be large in size 2. Air mass must have a uniform and consistent makeup at all points within the air mass. 3. Air mass must be physically bound together, traveling across the atmosphere as a single unit.
- 20. HOW DO AIR MASSES FORM? It forms when a large body of air becomes fairly stationary over a region of Earth’s surface or as air moves over a large, uniform region.
- 23. CLASSIFICATION OF AIR MASSES 1. MARITIME AIR MASS - forms over water 2. CONTINENTAL AIR MASS – forms over land 3. POLAR AIR MASS – forms North of 50º or South of 50º, where it is often extremely cold. 4. TROPICAL AIR MASS – originates in the tropics, where it is warm.
- 24. AIR MASSES THAT MOST AFFECT WEATHER • MARITIME POLAR –cold and moist, and often bring heavy precipitation to coastal areas. • CONTINENTAL POLAR – bring cold and dry air . • MARITIME TROPICAL – bring warm, moist air and are often accompanied by fog or rain. • CONTINENTAL TROPICAL – bring hot, dry air.
- 25. FRONTS The sharply defined boundary that forms when two unlike air masses meet.
- 26. TYPES OF FRONTS
- 27. Stationary front • When two unlike air masses have formed a boundary but neither is moving front. • Often result in clouds and steady rain or snow for several days.
- 28. COLD FRONT Occurs when a cold air mass overtakes a warm air mass. cumulus and cumulonimbus clouds Strong winds, severe thunderstorms and hail.
- 29. Warm Front Occurs when a warm air mass overtakes a cold air mass. Steady rain, heavy showers or thunderstorms.
- 30. OCCLUDED FRONT when a warm air mass is caught between two cooler air masses.