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Web 3 final(1)
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- 2. INTRODUCTION Every Languagehas its own Syntax and Semantics
- 3. • Syntax isthe study of Grammar. It is how to say something. • Semantics is the study of Meaning. It is the meaning behind what we say.
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- 5. Web 1.0 System of interlinked documents accessedvia Internet.
- 6. • Web Browsersuse HTTP to communicate with the Web Servers. • We can view Web pages and use Hyperlinks to navigate between them.
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- 9. DISADVANTAGE • Read onlyWeb • Limited user interaction • Keyword based (dumb) search • The Lack of standards
- 10. WEB 2.0 • Authorsstarted to use AJAX • People started to interact in Social Networks • Publish content in Blogs. • Contributed in WIKIS.
- 11. People started to sharephotos and videos.
- 12. CHARACTERISTICS • Search. • Links. • Authoring. • Tags. • Extension.
- 13. CONCEPTS • Rich InternetApplication (RIA) • Service-oriented Architecture (SOA) • Social Web
- 14. Advantages • User friendly •E-Learning • Digital content • Compatibility • Mobility • Sharing • Redistribution of effort
- 15. DISADVANTAGES • Content quality. •Security and Privacy. • Not all browsers support. • Censorship. • Data is lost if host is lost.
- 17. APPLICATIONS • BLOGS: Blogger •WIKIS: Wiki spaces • RSS: Google Reader • Social bookmarking: del.icio.us
- 18. CRITICS • AJAX donot replace underlying protocols like HTTP. • The ideas of Web 2.0 were already featured in implementations on networked systems. • The term is unclear or simply a buzzword.
- 19. REASONS FOR FUTUREENHANCEMENT • How will our information be organized. • Will we still do the “surfing” or will the machine surf for us.
- 20. SYNTAX V/S SEMANTICS • Adopt a common syntax: this enables applications to parse the data. • Adopt a means for understanding the semantics: this enables applications to use the data.
- 21. few years ago recently machine understandable machine processible
- 22. WEB 3.0 The Semantic Web refers to a technology that describes things in a way that computers applications can understand it.
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- 24. URI • URIs areused to identify everything in a unique and non-ambiguous way: • Uri’s are given in different way for different things. • URI is simply a Web identifier: like the strings starting with "http:" or "ftp:“ • The URI syntax consists of a URI scheme name followed by a colon character, and then by a scheme-specific part. • All “Information Resources”, or WWW pages, documents, etc. have a URI, which is commonly known as a URL (Uniform Resource Locator). • e.g. http://dbpedia.org/resource/Galway
- 25. XML • XML, alanguage that lets one write structured Web documents with a user-defined vocabulary. • XML is particularly suitable for sending documents across the Web. • XML has no built-in mechanism to convey the meaning of the user’s new tags to other users. • Syntactic basis for structured data.
- 26. RDF W3C standard for describing • It is a resources in the Web. • It identifies the URIs ( Uniform Resource Identifiers) • RDF is a data model. • RDF provides metadata about Web resources.
- 27. RDF uses simplestatements (Triples) to describe things. Thing – Property – Value Subject – Predicate -- Object
- 28. RDF BY EXAMPLE @prefixdct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> . <http://example.org/dm110-semweb> dct:title “Introduction to the Semantic Web” ; dct:author <http://apassant.net/alex> ; dct:subject <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Semantic_Web> .
- 29. RDF SCHEMA (RDFS) • Provides a higher level of abstraction than RDF because it provides vocabulary to RDF. • Allows specific resources to be described as instances of more general classes. • Provides mechanisms where custom RDF vocabulary can be developed. • Describe relationships among resources.
- 30. RDFS CONSTRUCTS RDFS constructs are built on the limited vocabulary of RDF they are: • RDFS classes • Associated properties and • Utility properties
- 31. LIMITATIONS OF RDF/RDFS •No standard for expressing primitive data types . • No standard for expressing relations of properties (unique, transitive, inverse etc.) • No standard for expressing whether enumerations are closed. • No standard to express equivalence, disjointedness etc among properties.
- 32. WHAT IS ANONTOLOGY? Thesauri “narrower Formal Frames General term” is-a (properties) Logical relation constraints Terms/ Informal Formal Disjointness, Value Inverse, part- glossary is-a instance Restrs. of… TAXONOMY ONTOLOGY
- 33. WEB ONTOLOGY LANGUAGE(OWL) • Based on Description Logics knowledge representation formalism • Ontologies typically have two distinct components: Names for important concepts and relationships in the domain or it can be even class and property. • OWL is divided following sub languages. • OWL Lite • OWL (Description Logics) DL • OWL Full – limited cardinality
- 34. OVERALL REVIEW OWL Reasoning CD CD RDFS Classes A Is-a CD RDF Relationships A hasTrack XML Structures
- 35. SPARQL • SPARQL allowsfor a query to consist of triple patterns, conjunctions, disjunctions, and optional patterns. • It is a query language to retrieve RDF data.
- 36. QUERY FORMS • SELECTquery • CONSTRUCT query • ASK query • DESCRIBE query
- 37. RIF • RIF isa family of languages, called dialects, with rigorously specified syntax and semantics designed to be uniform and extensible. • The core idea behind rule exchange through RIF is to provide syntactic mappings from their native languages.
- 38. USER INTERFACE ANDAPPLICATION • User interface can be better explained through the concepts of context and proof. • CONTEXT: Applications on the Semantic Web will depend on context generally to let people know whether or not they trust the data. context is a good thing because it lets us operate on local and medium scales intuitively, without having to rely on complex authentication and checking systems • PROOF: A proof language is simply a language that let's us prove whether or not a statement is true.
- 39. FOAF • This standsfor “Friend Of A Friend”. • It allows you to create a file that sites with your website. • It is a machine readable social network where each profile has an individual URI. • In the FOAF file you state who you are connected to, which projects, any publications you've written, anything at all.
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- 41. Benefits of thistechnology to the World Wide Web http://www.chabotcollege.edu/Library/abby/iStock_000000496215Small.jpg
- 42. This technology hasthe ability to describe what each piece of information stands for, tag content on the Web and provide semantic meaning to the content item. It makes the search engines more effective and efficient than they are currently.
- 43. • Cost savingsvia software re-use • Sophisticated operations like: Healthcare Engineering analysis Data warehousing
- 44. THE POWER OFTHE SEMANTIC WEB • Interoperability is increased • Vocabularies can be combined and used together • Vocabularies can be easily extended (modules, etc.) • Intelligent search.
- 45. THE CHALLENGE FORTHE SEMANTIC WEB • The Semantic Web can’t work all by itself. • Generating vocabulary for existing infrastructure. • Ontology bottleneck. • Need society-scale applications: Consumers and processors of Semantic Web data Semantic Web agents or services More advanced collaborative applications that make real use of shared data and annotations.
- 46. WHY IT HASTAKEN SO LONG…??? • The dream of Semantic Web has been slow to arrive. • The original vision was too focused on A.I. • Technologies and Tools were insufficient. • Needs for open data on the web were not strong enough. • Keyword search and Tagging were good enough… for a while.
- 47. Evolution of Semanticweb from its predecessors
- 50. APPLICATIONS… • Search engines: Swoogle, WolframAlphaTwine • Business to Business • Customer to Customer • Business to customer
- 51. AREAS • Information Management •Digital Libraries • Building communities and collaborations • E-Learning
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- 56. SUMMARY TheSemantic Web is not a separate Web but an extension of the current one, in which information is given well-defined meaning.
- 57. BRING REVOLUTION TOTHE EXISTING TECHNOLOGY WITH SEMANTIC WEB!
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Editor's Notes
- #10 3 ------ Web Directories4 -------Browsers war
- #14 1 - It defines the experience brought from desktop to browser .whether it is from a graphical point of view or usability point of view. Some people relate RIA with AJAX and Flash.- It is a key piece in Web 2.0 which defines how Web 2.0 applications expose its functionality so that other applications can integrate the functionality and produce a set of much richer applications (Examples are: Feeds, RSS, Mash-ups)– It defines how Web 2.0 tend to interact much more with the end user and making the end user an integral part.
- #23 If the Computer can understand the meaning behind the information…. It does not mean the links between the web pages. This is about machines talking to other machines. They can learn what we are interested in. They can help us better to find what we want.It can recognize people, places, events, companies, products, movies, etc.It can understand the relationships between things.
- #24 The development of the Semantic Web proceeds in steps, each step buildinga layer on top of another.Figure 1.3 shows the “layer cake” of the SemanticWeb (due to Tim Berners-Lee), which describes the main layers of the SemanticWeb design and vision.At the bottom we find XML, a language that lets one write structured Webdocuments with a user-defined vocabulary. XML is particularly suitable forsending documents across the Web. XML has no built-in mechanism to conveythe meaning of the user’s new tags to other users.RDF Resource Description Framework is a basic data model, like the entity-relationship model, for writingsimple statements about Web objects (resources).. A scheme for defining information on the Web.RDF provides the technology for expressing the meaning of terms and concepts in aform that computers can readily process. RDF can use XML for its syntax and URIs tospecify entities, concepts, properties and relations.The RDF data model doesnot rely on XML, but RDF has an XML-based syntax. Therefore, in figure 1.3,it is located on top of the XML layer.RDF Schema provides modeling primitives for organizing Web objects intohierarchies. Key primitives are classes and properties, subclass and subpropertyrelationships, and domain and range restrictions. RDF Schema is basedon RDF.RDF Schema can be viewed as a primitive language for writing ontologies.But there is a need for more powerful ontology languages that expandRDF Schema and allow the representations of more complex relationshipsbetween Web objects.Collections of statements written in a language such as RDF thatdefine the relations between concepts and specify logical rules for reasoningabout them. Computers will “understand” the meaning of semantic data on a Webpage by following links to specified ontologies.The Logic layer is used to enhance the ontology languagefurther and to allow the writing of application-specific declarativeknowledge.The Proof layer involves the actual deductive process as well as the representationof proofs in Web languages (from lower levels) and proof validation.Finally, the Trust layer will emerge through the use of digital signatures andother kinds of knowledge, based on recommendations by trusted agents oron rating and certification agencies and consumer bodies.
- #28 Special meta-data code is added to pages that describe the relationships b/w data. These are called triples.
- #30 Description Extension of Resource Framework.
- #32 No standard for expressing primitive data types .such as integer, etc. All data types in RDF/RDFS are treated as strings.
- #45 1 contd connectivity is possible through a commonality of expression4 with more granularity and relevance
- #51 Search:Google : lot of tools under its belt including universal search, user search history, google base, and google gadgets• Twine : Semantic Web, natural language and machine learning to make information and relationships smarter• Swicki : community built search portals• Powerset : the nuances of natural languageSocial Networks & Blogging 3.0• Wink : people focused search engine that scans social networks, blogs, etc• Twitter : the king of the microblog• FOAF (friend of a friend) : my life in RDF, platform for sharing information about people and their connections to each other• Google’s OpenSocial : bringing social networks together via useful applications• Facebook’s Beacon : turning users into brand AdvocatesEntertainment 3.0• Joost : online distribution of TV shows and video content, set top box set for 2009• Netflix : plans to support PS3 and Xbox as delivery platforms• Slingbox : TiVo-type box that allows access of recorded shows from mobile phone• iPhone, Android, etc : ongoing fight to develop the most media enabled mobile device (multiplayer gaming, full YouTube)