Web hosting presentations by hostindia.net

Web Hosting Service
A web hosting service is a type of Internet hosting service
that allows individuals and organizations to make their
website accessible via the World Wide Web.
Web hosts are companies that provide space on a server owned
or leased for use by clients, as well as providing Internet
connectivity, typically in a data center.
Web hosts can also provide data center space and connectivity to
the Internet for other servers located in their data center, called
colocation.

Types of Web Hosting
Shared web hosting service:
One's website is placed on the same server as many other sites, ranging from a few to
hundreds or thousands. Typically, all domains may share a common pool of server
resources, such as RAM and the CPU.
Reseller web hosting:
Allows clients to become web hosts themselves.Resellers' can resell web hosting
products to their end customers: they may have their own virtual dedicated server to a
colocated server. Many resellers provide a nearly identical service to their provider's
shared hosting plan and provide the technical support themselves.
Virtual Dedicated Server:
Also known as a Virtual Private Server (VPS), divides server resources into virtual
servers, where resources can be allocated in a way that does not directly reflect the
underlying hardware.
Cloud hosting:
is a new type of hosting platform that allows customers powerful, scalable and reliable
hosting based on clustered load-balanced servers and utility billing. A cloud
hosted website may be more reliable than alternatives since other computers in the cloud
can compensate when a single piece of hardware goes down.

Hosting Components
DNS Server : Bind linux
Web Server : Apache / IIS
Mail Server : Qmail / Postfix / Sendmail
Database Server : MySQL / MSSQL / Postgres
Programming : HTML / Perl / PHP/ CGI / Python / Bash
Control Panels: cPanel/WHM , Plesk Panel
Hosting Apps: Wordpress / Drupal / Joomla

Email Terms
Auto Responder – A way to automatically send an email in response to one
received. Often used for “away” messages such as when on vacation and
typical response times may be delayed
Catch All – An email address that will receive any email that is sent to your
account without an already assigned email address
IMAP – Internet Message Access Protocol is a way to retrieve mail. It leaves a
copy on the server until deleted permanently. Convenient for people who use
multiple computers and email clients such as at work and home
Mailing List – Allows you to mail a group of people at once. Often used by
businesses for news updates to clients
PoP3 – An email protocol that allows you to retrieve emails from the server
SMTP – An email protocol allowing you to send emails. Most web hosts allow
you to use the server to send email. However, some ISP’s require you to use
their servers to send email when using their service as opposed to your web
host.
Spam – Unsolicited bulk mail typically used to attempt to sell services or
products. Many hosts will provide a way to control spam automatically
Webmail – A way to send and receive email via the Internet without the need
for a separate email software

Frequently Asked Que.
Disk Space: This is the amount of space that your web site takes up on a server
and is measured in Gigabytes (GB). Web hosting companies will charge you per
month based on how much space your site takes up on their server if you
purchase a shared hosting plan.
Data Transfer / Bandwidth - Sometimes referred as data transfer or web
traffic, this is the amount of data per second that can be sent from point one
point to another. In cheap web hosting plans, bandwidth is charged by the
Gigabyte (GB) and can help you estimate how many times your site can be
downloaded per month.
Control Panel: This is the administration interface that allows you to access all
of your files and programs. The most popular control panel with low cost web
hosting companies is cPanel/Plesk.

Web Programming
Building web sites: writing markup and coding
Client Side Coding:
Ajax Asynchronous JavaScript provides new methods of using JavaScript, and other
languages to improve the user experience.
Flash Adobe Flash Player is an ubiquitous browser plugin ready for RIAs. Flex 2 is
also deployed to the Flash Player (version 9+).
JavaScript JavaScript is a ubiquitous client side platform for creating and delivering
rich Web applications that can also run across a wide variety of devices. It is a dialect of
the scripting language ECMAScript.
jQuery Cross-browser JavaScript library designed to simplify and speed up the
client-side scripting of HTML.
Microsoft Silverlight Microsoft's browser plugin that enables animation, vector
graphics and high-definition video playback, programmed using XAML and .NET
programming languages.
HTML5 and CSS3 Latest HTML proposed standard combined with the latest
proposed standard for CSS natively supports much of the client-side functionality
provided by other frameworks such as Flash and Silverlight.

Server Side Coding
ASP (Microsoft proprietary)
CSP, Server-Side ANSI C
Cold Fusion
CGI
Groovy (programming language) Grails (framework)
Java, e.g. Java EE or WebObjects
Perl, e.g. Catalyst, Dancer (all open source)
PHP (open source)
Python, e.g. Django (web framework) (open source)
Ruby, e.g. Ruby on Rails (open source)
.NET and .NET MVC Frameworks (Microsoft proprietary)

Hosting Functionality
FTP Accounts - File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network
protocol used to transfer files from one host or to another host over a TCP-based
network, such as the Internet.
Graphical FTP clients - Graphical FTP clients simplify file transfers by
allowing you to drag and drop file icons between windows. Common FTP
program: Filezilla
Web browser - You can use a web browser to connect to FTP addresses exactly
as you would to connect to HTTP addresses.
For ex. ftp://username@ftp.example.com/
Command line FTP - Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux have built-in command
line clients you can use it to connect and upload files.
For ex. FTP example.com

Up-time & Downtime
Uptime is a computer industry term for the time during which a computer is operational.
Downtime is the time when it isn't operational. Uptime is sometimes measured in terms
of a percentile.
For example, one standard for uptime that is sometimes discussed is a goal called five 9s -
that is, a computer that is operational 99.999 percent of the time.
In computers, 99.999 (often called "five 9s") refers to a desired percentage of availability of a
given computer system. Such a system would probably have what some refer to as high
availability. As Evan Marcus, Principal Engineer at Veritas Software, observes, 99.999
availability works out to 5.39 minutes of total downtime - planned or unplanned - in a given
year.
In one view, there are three approaches to 99.999 (or even 100) percent availability:
Special systems that are designed for high availability, such as those from Tandem (Compaq)
and Stratus, in which components are duplicated so that a backup component is always
available. These tend to be expensive, requiring redundancy of components in which the
redundant component is seldom used.
Shared component systems that are built so that one active system can back up another
active system if one of them fails.
Clustering, a variation of the second approach, in which matched components do not
necessarily have to be duplicates of each other.

Upload & Download Speeds
Essentially, there is no difference between an upload and download speed,
except the direction of the transfer. Depending on the type of Internet
connection your computer has, upload and download speed will differ. In other
words, the faster your Internet connection or bandwidth, the faster your capacity
to upload and download.
Uploading:
Uploading involves sending a copy of a file from a computer to a
remote network connection; for instance, Web developers and publishers
upload files to their Web server to make them available for other people to
access.
Downloading:
Downloading involves the reception of a file that has been uploaded
to a remote network. Often this refers to a person copying a file from a
remote network to his personal computer.

Data Transfer (Traffic/Bandwidth):
Data transfer (sometimes loosely referred to as "traffic" or "bandwidth") is the amount of
bytes transferred from your site to visitors when they browse your site.
Search engine submission - Search engine submission is how a webmaster
submits a web site directly to a search engine. While Search Engine Submission is often
seen as a way to promote a web site, it generally is not necessary because the major search
engines like Google, Yahoo, and Bing use crawlers, bots, and spiders that eventually
would find most web sites on the Internet all by themselves.
There are two basic reasons to submit a web site or web page to a search engine. The first
reason would be to add an entirely new web site because the site operators would rather
not wait for a search engine to discover them. The second reason is to have a web page or
web site updated in the respective search engine.

SSL Certificates
SSL Certificates are small data files that digitally bind a
cryptographic key to an organization’s details. When installed on a web
server, it activates the padlock and the https protocol (over port 443) and allows
secure connections from a web server to a browser. Typically, SSL is used to
secure credit card transactions, data transfer and logins, and more recently is
becoming the norm when securing browsing of social media sites.
Hostindia.Net sells four types of thawte Digital Certificates. They are as
follows:
● SGC SuperCert
● Web Server Certificate
● SSL123 Certificate
● Wildcard Server Certificate

Virtual Private Server:
Virtual private server (VPS) is a term used by Internet hosting services to
refer to a virtual machine. The term is used for emphasizing that the virtual machine,
although running in software on the same physical computer as other customers' virtual
machines, is in many respects functionally equivalent to a separate physical computer, is
dedicated to the individual customer's needs, has the privacy of a separate physical
computer, and can be configured to run server software.
Dedicated Servers:
A dedicated server is a type of Internet hosting in which the client leases an
entire server not shared with anyone else. This is more flexible than shared
hosting, as organizations have full control over the server(s), including choice of
operating system, hardware, etc. Server administration can usually be provided by the
hosting company as an add-on service OR customer has to manage server at their own.
Dedicated servers are most often housed in data centers, similar to colocation facilities,
providing redundant power sources and HVAC systems. In contrast to colocation, the
server hardware is owned by the provider and in some cases they will provide support for
your operating system or applications.
Using a dedicated hosting service offers the benefits of high performance, security, email
stability, and control. Due to the relatively high price of dedicated hosting, it is mostly
used by websites that receive a large volume of traffic.

Cloud Computing / Servers:
Cloud computing means that infrastructure, applications, and business
processes can be delivered to you as a service, over the Internet (or your own
network).
Virtualized servers running Windows or Linux operating systems that are instantiated via
a web interface or API. Cloud Servers behave in the same manner as physical ones and
can be controlled at an administrator or root level, depending on the server type and
Cloud Hosting provider.
Cloud Hosting:
Cloud Hosting is type of internet hosting where the client leases virtualized,
dynamically scalable infrastructure on an as-needed basis. Users frequently
have the choice of operating system and other infrastructure components. Typically cloud
hosting is self-service, billed hourly or monthly, and controlled via a web interface or API.
Colocation Service:
A colocation centre or colocation center (also spelled co-location, colo, or
coloc), is a type of data centre where equipment space and bandwidth are
available for rental to retail customers. Colocation facilities provide space, power,
cooling, and physical security for the server, storage, and networking equipment of other
firms—and connect them to a variety of telecommunications and network service
providers—with a minimum of cost and complexity.

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