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Week 1- A brief introduction to the world literature.pptx
- 1. World Literature Before1660 OVERVIEW ABOUT THE CURRICULUM
- 3. WHAT IS LITERATURE? Literature allows a person to step back in time and learn about life on Earth from the ones who walked before us. We can gather a better understanding of culture and have a greater appreciation of them. We learn through the ways history is recorded, in the forms of manuscripts and through speech itself. Literature provides a language model for those who hear and read it. By using literary texts, students learn new words, syntax and discourse functions and they learn correct sentence patterns, standard story structures. They develop their writing skills. Literature is the foundation of life. It places an emphasis on many topics from human tragedies to tales of the ever-popular search for love. While it is physically written in words, these words come alive in the imagination of the mind, and its ability to comprehend the complexity or simplicity of the text.
- 4. THE IMPORTANCE OFLITERATURE Literature is a term used to describe written and sometimes spoken material. Derived from the Latin word literature meaning “writing formed with letters,” literature most commonly refers to works of the creative imagination, including poetry, drama, fiction, nonfiction, and in some instances, journalism, and song. So after the sequential elapse of time, it is proved that, literature definitely has profound sway upon life to a large extent. Literature influences us and makes us understand the every walk of life. Narratives, in particular, inspire empathy and give people a new perspective on their lives and the lives of others. Literature is the foundation of humanity’s cultures, beliefs, and traditions. It serves as a reflection of reality, a product of art, and a window to an ideology. Everything that happens within a society can be written, recorded in, and learned from a piece of literature.
- 5. WORLD LITERATURE Worldliterature can be defined as works of literature that have been created, distributed, and circulated beyond their country of origin. Odyssey, Things Fall Apart, A Doll's House, and The Recognition of Sakuntala to name a few. All of these works of literature were created in countries around the world and are included in teachings in the United world literature is studied all over the world, for example, The ancient Greece, is studied by scholars everywhere.
- 6. WORLD LITERATURE Topicsof World Literature vary depending upon when and where the literature was written, although some works have similar themes and features, including the human condition, which cannot be avoided. Topics of world literature often include a discussion on humanity's origin, power, heroism, and love. In most instances, the biggest feature of world literature is that it can be understood thematically by people of many different cultures, nationalities, time periods, and ethnicities. Some other common features of world literature include: • Folklore • Legends • Fables • Mythology These features are often found in world literature because they are used by a culture as a way of discussing or trying to figure out where they came from and why they are there. In other words, these features are humanity's way of inspecting their own humanity, which is valued throughout time and across cultures. Great world literature is widely read beyond the borders of its origin country.
- 7. WHAT ARE INTHIS COURSE?
- 8. ANCIENT WORLD LITERATUREPERIOD B.C.E: Before the Common Era (same as B.C) C.E: Common Era (same as A.D)
- 11. PART I: ANCIENTEGYPTIAN LITERATURE
- 12. MAIN FEATURES 1. AncientEgypt has one of the world's oldest literary traditions. The only others that can match its antiquity an longevity are those of ancient Mesopotamia, China, and India. Stretching over almost three millennia, from perhaps as early as 2700 B.C.E, to the Common Era, the texts that emerged from ancient Egypt display a remarkable range of themes, genres, and styles: biographical inscriptions honoring the dead from tombs, stone stelae, and statues; hymns to the gods; accounts of travel adventures; laments of life and loss; wisdom texts advising future generations on how to live a good life in a flawed world; passionate love poetry; fantastic tales; and satirical fables.
- 13. MAIN FEATURES 2. Formuch of the Common Era, the literature of ancient Egypt was virtually unknown. Except for a few motifs and narratives that passed into Greek and from there into medieval European texts, the Egyptian literary tradition disappeared in the late fourth century C.E., and hieroglyphs, the "sacred engraved signs” of the Egyptian writing system, as the Greeks called them, could not be read. It was not until the nineteenth century that European scholars deciphered the forgotten language and gradually recovered Egypt’s written heritage, including the rich body of its literature.
- 14. THE ORALAND WRITTENIN EGYPTIAN LITERARY CULTURE 3. For most of its history, Egyptian was written in two main scripts: the more ceremonial and elaborate hieroglyphic script and the cursive form using ink on papyrus, called ''hieratic" or "priestly writing" by the Greeks, which was used for everyday affairs and for religious texts. Literacy was restricted to elites in ancient Egypt; perhaps as few as one in a hundred people could read and write. Thus, literature was not a medium for broad consumption by reading but was enjoyed mostly through oral delivery.
- 15. THE CLASSICAL PERIODSOF EGYPTIAN LITERATURE 1. Old Kingdom (ca. 2000 B.C.E backward) – The Pyramid texts 2. Middle Kingdom (ca. 1940- 1650 BCE) – The Tale of Sinuhe 3. New Kingdom (ca. 1500- 1000 BCE) – Harpist’s song 4. The Late Period (ca. 1000-30 BCE)- Stela of Taimhotep Kings of the Middle Kingdom expanded the use of writing and scribal schools. The first great period of Egyptian literature, which formed part of this development, saw the production of tales, wisdom texts, dialogues, and complaints. During the New Kingdom period, in defiance of Egypt’s traditional lavish tomb culture, some of these poems claim that constructing a monumental tomb with expensive grave goods is worthless and that one should instead enjoy this life on earth to the full. The first millennium B.C.E. Egypt brought major upheavals to Egyptian society and literature. Egypt lost its imperial power and became the target of foreign invasion. Against this backdrop of foreign invasion and political instability, some literature of the Late Period carries more somber tones
- 16. PART II: THEWORK OF ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA THE EPIC OF GILGAMESH (ca. 1900-250 BCE) - One of the earliest pieces of world literature. - The story of its main protagonist, King Gilgamesh, and his quest for immortality touches on the most fundamental questions of what it means to be human: death and friendship, nature and civilization, power and violence, travel adventures and homecoming, love and sexuality. - The epic spread throughout the ancient Near East and was translated into various regional languages during the second millennium BCE.
- 17. PART III: THEHEBREW BIBLE Hebrew Bible, also called Hebrew Scriptures, Old Testament, or Tanakh, collection of writings that was first compiled and preserved as the sacred books of the Jewish people. It also constitutes a large portion of the Christian Bible, known as the Old Testament. Except for a few passages in Aramaic, appearing mainly in the apocalyptic Book of Daniel, these scriptures were written originally in Hebrew during the period from 1200 to 100 BCE. The Hebrew Bible probably reached its current form about the 2nd century CE.
- 18. PART IV: THEANCIENT GREEK LITERATURE
- 19. MAIN FEATURES 1. Greekliterature has influenced not only its Roman neighbors to the west but also countless generations across the European continent. Greek writers are responsible for the introduction of such genres as poetry, tragedy, comedy, and western philosophy to the world. 2. The Greeks were a passionate people, and this zeal can be seen in a rich history of both war and peace, leaving an indelible imprint on
- 20. MAIN PERIODS Greek literaturecan also be divided into distinct periods: Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic. 1. The literature of the Archaic era mostly centered on myth; part history and part folklore. Homer's epics of the Iliad and the Odyssey and Hesiod's Theogony are significant examples of this period. Literary Greece begins with Homer. Since writing had not yet arrived in Greece, much of what was created in this period was communicated orally, only to be put in written form years later. 2. The Classical era (4th and 5th centuries BCE) centered on the tragedies of such writers as Sophocles and his Oedipus Rex, Euripides's Hippolytus, and the comedies of Aristophanes. 3. Lastly, the final period, the Hellenistic era, saw Greek poetry, prose, and culture expand across the Mediterranean influencing such Roman writers as Horace, Ovid, and Virgil. Unfortunately, with only a few exceptions, much of what was created during the Archaic and Classical period remains only in fragments.
- 21. MAIN WRITERS INFOCUS HOMER AESOP SAPPHO
- 22. WHAT ARE YOUSUPPOSED TO DO IN THE COURSE? Attend the class weekly Write a summary Write a commentary Give a presentation Do the tests
- 23. REFERENCES www.EssayWrite.best -Write an essay .................................................................................................................................... www.LitReview.xyz - Summary of books .................................................................................................................................... www.Coursework.best - Online coursework .................................................................................................................................... www.Dissertations.me - proquest dissertations .................................................................................................................................... www.ReMovie.club - Movies reviews .................................................................................................................................... www.WebSlides.vip - Best powerpoint presentations .................................................................................................................................... www.WritePaper.info - Write a research paper .................................................................................................................................... www.EddyHelp.com - Homework help online .................................................................................................................................... www.MyResumeHelp.net - Professional resume writing service .................................................................................................................................. www.HelpWriting.net - Help with writing any papers