Chef Fundamentals Training Series Module 1: Overview of Chef
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This document provides an overview of Chef fundamentals. It introduces Nathen Harvey as the presenter and outlines objectives to teach attendees how to automate infrastructure tasks with Chef. Key concepts discussed include Chef's architecture, tools, and how to apply its primitives to solve problems. The document explains that learning Chef is like learning a language and emphasizes using Chef to learn it. It provides an agenda covering topics like workstation setup, the node object, cookbooks, and using community cookbooks.
![Recipes
package "apache2"
template "/etc/apache2/apache2.conf" do
source "apache2.conf.erb"
owner "root"
group "root"
mode "0644"
variables(:allow_override => "All")
notifies :reload, "service[apache2]"
end
service "apache2" do
action [:enable,:start]
supports :reload => true
end](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/week1-overviewofchef-131016135759-phpapp01/85/Chef-Fundamentals-Training-Series-Module-1-Overview-of-Chef-47-320.jpg)
![Run List
Enterprise
Chef
What policy sho
uld
I follow?
chef-client
Node
“recipe[ntp::client]”
“recipe[users]”
“role[webserver]”](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/week1-overviewofchef-131016135759-phpapp01/85/Chef-Fundamentals-Training-Series-Module-1-Overview-of-Chef-50-320.jpg)
![Run List
Enterprise
Chef
What policy sho
uld
I follow?
chef-client
“recipe[ntp::client]”
“recipe[users]”
“role[webserver]”](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/week1-overviewofchef-131016135759-phpapp01/85/Chef-Fundamentals-Training-Series-Module-1-Overview-of-Chef-51-320.jpg)
Chef Fundamentals Training Series Module 1: Overview of Chef
- 1. Chef Fundamentals [email protected] Copyright (C) 2013 Opscode, Inc.
- 3. Nathen Harvey • Technical Community Manager at Opscode • Co-host of the Food Fight Show Podcast • @nathenharvey
- 4. Webinar Objectives and Style
- 5. Multi-week Webinar Series • After completing of this webinar series you will be able to • Automate common infrastructure tasks with Chef • Describe Chef’s architecture • Describe Chef’s various tools • Apply Chef’s primitives to solve your problems
- 6. How to learn Chef • You bring the domain expertise about your business and problems • Chef provides a framework for solving those problems • Our job is to work together to teach you how to express solutions to your problems with Chef
- 7. Chef is a Language • Learning Chef is like learning the basics of a language • 80% fluency will be reached very quickly • The remaining 20% just takes practice • The best way to learn Chef is to use Chef
- 8. Questions & Answers • I’ll post objectives at the beginning of a section • Ask questions in the chat window when they come to you • We’ll answer as many questions as we can at the end of the session • The webinar will be recorded and you’ll be able to watch the recording again.
- 9. Agenda
- 10. Topics • Overview of Chef • Workstation Setup • Test Node Setup • Dissecting your first Chef run • Introducing the Node object • Writing your first cookbook
- 11. Topics • Setting attributes, cookbook metadata, templates • Idempotency, notifications, template variables • Roles • Using community cookbooks • Further Resources
- 12. Overview of Chef
- 13. Lesson Objectives • After completing the lesson, you will be able to • Describe how Chef thinks about Infrastructure Automation • Define the following terms: • Node • Resource • Recipe • Cookbook • Run List • Roles • Search
- 15. Items of Manipulation (Resources) • Nodes • Networking • Files • Directories • Symlinks • Mounts • Routes • Users • Groups • Packages • Services • Filesystems
- 16. A tale of growth... Application
- 17. Add a database Application Application Database
- 18. Make database redundant Application App Databases
- 19. Application server redundancy App Servers App Databases
- 20. Add a load balancer App LB App Servers App Databases
- 21. Webscale! App LBs App Servers App Databases
- 22. Now we need a caching layer App LBs App Servers App DB Cache App DBs
- 23. Infrastructure has a Topology App LBs App Servers App DB Cache App DBs
- 24. Your Infrastructure is a Snowflake Round Robin DNS App Servers App DB Cache Floating IP? App DBs
- 25. Complexity Increases Quickly App LBs Cache App Servers DB Cache < Shiny! DB slaves DBs
- 26. Complexity Increases Quickly App LBs Cache App Servers DB Cache < Shiny! A we re nito mo g?? rin DB slaves DBs
- 27. Chef Solves This Problem ™ • But you already guessed that, didn’t you?
- 28. Managing Complexity • Organizations • Environments • Roles • Nodes • Recipes • Cookbooks • Search
- 29. Organizations My Infrastructure Your Infrastructure Their Infrastructure
- 30. Organizations • Completely independent tenants of Enterprise Chef • Share nothing with other organizations • May represent different • Companies • Business Units • Departments
- 32. Environments • Model the life-stages of your applications • Every Organization starts with a single environment • Environments to reflect your patterns and workflow • Development • Test • Staging • Production • etc.
- 33. Environments Define Policy • Environments may include data attributes necessary for configuring your infrastructure • The URL of your payment service’s API • The location of your package repository • The version of the Chef configuration files that should be used
- 34. Roles Load Balancers Application Servers DB Cache Database
- 35. Roles • Roles represent the types of servers in your infrastructure • Load Balancer • Application Server • Database Cache • Database • Monitoring
- 36. Roles Define Policy • Roles may include a list of Chef configuration files that should be applied. • We call this list a Run List • Roles may include data attributes necessary for configuring your infrastructure • The port that the application server listens on • A list of applications that should be deployed
- 37. Nodes
- 38. Nodes • Nodes represent the servers in your infrastructure • Nodes may represent physical servers or virtual servers • Nodes may represent hardware that you own or may represent compute instances in a public or private cloud
- 39. Node • Each Node will • belong to one Organization • belong to one Environment • have zero or more Roles
- 40. Nodes Adhere to Policy • An application, the chef-client, runs on each node • chef-client will • gather current system configuration • download the desired system configuration from the Chef server • configure the node such that it adheres to the policy
- 41. Chef is Infrastructure as Code http://www.flickr.com/photos/louisb/4555295187/ • Programmatically provision and configure components • Treat like any other code base • Reconstruct business from code repository, data backup, and bare metal resources.
- 42. Configuration Code • Chef ensures each Node complies with the policy • Policy is determined by the configurations included in each Node’s run list • Reduce management complexity through abstraction • Store the configuration of your infrastructure in version control
- 43. Delcaritive Interface to Resources • You define the policy in your Chef configuration • Your policy states what state each resource should be in, but not how to get there • Chef-client will pull the policy from the Chef Server and enforce the policy on the Node
- 44. Resources • A Resource represents a piece of the system and its desired state • A package that should be installed • A service that should be running • A file that should be generated • A cron job that should be configured • A user that should be managed • and more
- 45. Resources in Recipes • Resources are the fundamental building blocks of Chef configuration • Resources are gathered into Recipes • Recipes ensure the system is in the desired state
- 46. Recipes • Configuration files that describe resources and their desired state • Recipes can: • Install and configure software components • Manage files • Deploy applications • Execute other recipes • and more
- 47. Recipes package "apache2" template "/etc/apache2/apache2.conf" do source "apache2.conf.erb" owner "root" group "root" mode "0644" variables(:allow_override => "All") notifies :reload, "service[apache2]" end service "apache2" do action [:enable,:start] supports :reload => true end
- 48. Cookbooks • Recipes are stored in Cookbooks • Cookbooks contain recipes, templates, files, custom resources, etc • Code re-use and modularity http://www.flickr.com/photos/shutterhacks/4474421855/
- 49. Run List Enterprise Chef What policy sho uld I follow? chef-client Node
- 50. Run List Enterprise Chef What policy sho uld I follow? chef-client Node “recipe[ntp::client]” “recipe[users]” “role[webserver]”
- 51. Run List Enterprise Chef What policy sho uld I follow? chef-client “recipe[ntp::client]” “recipe[users]” “role[webserver]”
- 52. Run Lists Specifies Policy • The Run List is a collection of policies that the Node should follow. • Chef-client obtains the Run List from the Chef Server • Chef-client ensures the Node complies with the policy in the Run List
- 53. Search • Search for nodes with Roles • Find Topology Data • IP addresses • Hostnames • FQDNs http://www.flickr.com/photos/kathycsus/2686772625
- 54. So when this... Graphite Nagios Jboss App Memcache Postgres Slaves Postgres Master
- 55. ...becomes this Graphite Nagios Jboss App Memcache Postgres Slaves Postgres Master
- 56. ...this can happen automatically Graphite Nagios Jboss App Memcache Postgres Slaves Postgres Master
- 57. Count the Resources Graphite Nagios Jboss App Memcache Postgres Slaves • 12+ resource changes for 1 node addition • • • • • • • • • • • Load balancer config Nagios host ping Nagios host ssh Nagios host HTTP Nagios host app health Graphite CPU Graphite Memory Graphite Disk Graphite SNMP Memcache firewall Postgres firewall Postgres authZ config
- 58. Manage Complexity • Determine the desired state of your infrastructure • Identify the Resources required to meet that state • Gather the Resources into Recipes • Compose a Run List from Recipes and Roles • Apply a Run List to each Node in your Environment • Your infrastructure adheres to the policy modeled in Chef
- 59. Configuration Drift • Configuration Drift happens when: • Your infrastructure requirements change • The configuration of a server falls out of policy • Chef makes it easy to manage • Model the new requirements in your Chef configuration files • Run the chef-client to enforce your policies
- 60. Recap • In today’s webinar, we have • Described how Chef thinks about Infrastructure Automation • Defined the following terms: • Node • Resource • Recipe • Cookbook • Run List • Roles • Search
- 61. What Questions Do You Have? Nathen Harvey Technical Community Manager, Opscode [email protected] @nathenharvey