Week 4 IxD History: Personal Computing
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The document provides a history of personal computing and interaction design from the late 19th century to the 1990s. It traces the evolution from punched cards and switches in the 1880s to personal computers in the 1970s with the Altair 8800. The development of the graphical user interface is covered, from Ivan Sutherland's Sketchpad system in 1963, Douglas Engelbart's work including the mouse in the 1960s, and the influential research at Xerox PARC in the 1970s which led to early desktop computers like the Xerox Star and commercial products from Apple and Microsoft. The eras of personal, mobile, and internet computing are summarized, covering milestones like the Dynabook concept, early
Week 4 IxD History: Personal Computing
- 1. HISTORY OF INTERACTION DESIGN Week 4: Personal Computing
- 2. Research TIMELINE OF ADOPTION Professional Use (AND ADAPTATION!) Personal Use Punched Cards / Switches 1880s ? Keyboard / Terminal Graphical User Interface Hypertext Networks Mobility 1945 1955 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005
- 8. HOME COMPUTERS (Late 70s) Apple II IBM 5150 Commodore PET Tandy Radio Shack TRS-80 Commodore VIC-20 8
- 11. WHIRLWIND COMMAND LINE GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE 11
- 12. BATCH TIME PROCESSING SHARING 12
- 13. DIRECT MANIPULATION 13
- 14. IVAN SUTHERLAND “ (b.1938) The Sketchpad system makes it possible for a man and a computer to converse rapidly through the medium of line drawings. Heretofore, most interaction between man and computers has been slowed down by the need to reduce all communication to written statements that can be typed; in the past, we have been writing letters to rather than conferring with our computers. The Sketchpad system, by eliminating typed statements (except for legends) in favor of line drawings, opens up a new area of man- machine communication. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/classes/cs6751_97_fall/projects/abowd_team/ivan/ivanbw_45.jpg 14
- 15. SKETCHPAD (1963) http://design.osu.edu/carlson/history/images/ivan-sutherland.jpg 15 http://images.businessweek.com/ss/08/10/1006_ceo_guide/image/ivanssketchpad600gimpr.jpg
- 16. “ DOUGLAS ENGELBART (b. 1925) By augmenting man's intellect we mean increasing the capability of a man to approach a complex problem situation, gain comprehension to suit his particular needs, and to derive solutions to problems. One objective is to develop new techniques, procedures, and systems that will better adapt people's basic information- handling capabilities to the needs, problems, and progress of society. —Douglas Englebart http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Engelbartmice.jpg 16
- 17. X/Y POSITION INDICATOR ALSO KNOWN AS “THE MOUSE” (1964) The number of buttons on a mouse is one of the most controversial issues in the industry. People get religious. —Bill Gates http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/ e/ed/Mouse-patents-englebart-rid.png 17
- 18. NLS – ONLINE SYSTEM (60s) http://www.dougengelbart.org/ 18
- 19. THE MOTHER OF ALL DEMOS (1968) http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/80beats/files/2008/12/engelbart-demo.jpg http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-8734787622017763097 19
- 21. WIMPs Windows Icons Menus Pointers 21
- 22. WINDOWS 22
- 23. ICONS 23
- 24. MENUS 24
- 25. POINTERS 25
- 26. XEROX PARC (1970s) _ Laser Printer _ Ethernet local area computer network _ Computer generated bitmap graphics _ Graphical user interface featuring windows and icons _ WYSIWYG text editor 26
- 27. XEROX ALTO (1973) 27
- 28. XEROX STAR (1981) 28
- 30. APPLE MACINTOSH (1983) 30
- 31. SOFTWARE IN A BOX (1990s)
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- 35. MOBILITY
- 36. DYNABOOK (1968)
- 37. MOBILE COMPUTING (1990s) Osborne 1 (1981) Apple Powerbook (1991)
- 38. INTERNET
- 39. ARPANET AND USENET (1980s) ARPANET 1977 USENET 1980 USENET 1993 39
- 40. WORLD WIDE WEB (1990s) Netscape, 1994 First Web Browser/Editor, 1990 Yahoo, 1994
- 42. “ JOHN M. CARROLL HCI is the name for a community of communities. In the early 1980s, HCI was a small and focused specialty area. It was a cabal trying to establish what was then a heretical view of computing. Today, largely due to the success of that endeavor, HCI is a vast and multifaceted community, loosely bound by the evolving concept of usability, and the integrating commitment to value human concerns as the primary consideration in creating interactive systems. 42
- 43. NEXT WEEK CLASS PRESENTATIONS DUE