Week# 6 tradition vs. science

Week# 6 tradition vs. science

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  Week# 6 Traditionvs. Science By M.USAMA MANSOOR
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  Adopt the ScientificMethod  Social scientists began to  Adopt the scientific method  To make sense of the rapid changes  Accompanying  Modernization and industrialization.
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  The Development of Sociology  The development of sociology was  Part of a more general trend  Toward the development of  Discrete scientific disciplines.
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  Ancient Philosophy In ancient philosophy,  there was no difference between  the liberal arts of mathematics and the study of history, poetry, or politics
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  Development of Mathematical Proofs  Only with the development of  Mathematical proofs did there  Gradually arise a perceived difference  Between scientific disciplines and the humanities or liberal arts.
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  Aristotle studied PlanetaryMotion and Poetry  Thus,  Aristotle studied planetary motion  and  Poetry with the same methods
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  Plato Mixed Geometrical Proofs  And  Plato mixed geometrical proofs with his  Demonstration on the state of intrinsic knowledge.
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  End of 17thCentury A New Scientific Paradigm  However,  By the end of the 17th century  A new scientific paradigm was emerging
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  Isaac Newton Physics  Particularly with the work of Isaac Newton in physics.  Newton, by revolutionizing what was then called natural philosophy,  Changed the basic framework by which individuals understood what was scientific.
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  Newton Merely Archetypeof Accelerating Trend  While Newton was merely the  Archetype of an accelerating trend,  His work highlights an important distinction.
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  Mathematical Truth wasObjective and Absolute  For Newton,  mathematical truth was objective and absolute  It flowed from a reality independent of the observer  and  It worked by its own rules.
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  Other Disciplines Createda Pressure  In the realm of other disciplines  This created a pressure  To express ideas in the form of mathematical relationships, or laws.  Such laws became the model that other disciplines would emulate.
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  Late 19th Century,Mathematical Laws Explain Human Behavior  In the late 19th century,  Scholars increasingly tried to  Apply mathematical laws to explain human behavior.
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  Laws of Philology  Among the first efforts were the laws of philology  Which attempted to map the change  Over time of sounds in a language
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  Scientists Sought MathematicalTruth Through Logical Proofs  At first,  Scientists sought mathematical truth through  Logical proofs.
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  Early 20th CenturyStatistics and Probability Theory  But in the early 20th century  Statistics and probability theory  Offered a new way to divine mathematical laws  Underlying all sorts of phenomena.
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  Statistics and Probabilitytheory developed  As statistics and probability theory developed  They were applied to empirical  sciences,  Such as  Biology, and to the social sciences.
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  Emile Durkheim ExploredHuman Relationships  The first thinkers  To attempt to combine scientific inquiry with  The exploration of human relationships were Emile Durkheim in France  And  William James in the United States
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  Durkheim Sociological Theoriesand Jame’s Work on Experimental Psychology  Durkheim's sociological theories  And  James's work on experimental psychology had  An enormous impact on those who followed.