Fiber optics use thin strands of glass called optical fibers to transmit light signals over long distances. The fibers have a core that light travels through, a cladding that reflects the light back into the core, and a protective buffer coating. Fibers are arranged in bundles called optical cables. There are two main types of fibers: single-mode fibers have a small core and transmit infrared laser light, while multi-mode fibers have a larger core and transmit infrared light from LEDs. Fiber optics allow transmission of data signals encoded as pulses of light through the fibers.