Welcome to our_presentation in c

• GROUP MEMBERS:
• 1.MINHAZUR RAHMAN .ID:161-15-7281.
• 2.MD.IMRAN HOSSAIN.ID:161-15-7358.
• 3.MD.HANIF SAGOR.ID:161-15-7162.
• 4. BITHI.ID:161-15-7116

TODAY OUR TOPIC IS
->ARRAY
->FUNCTION
->POINTER
->STRUCTURE

Introduction
One-dimensional array
Multidimensional array
Array

Introduction
• It holds multiple values of same type.
• Each block of array is stored consecutively in memory.
SYNTAX:
data-type name[size1][size2]………[sizen];
Example:
int a[6];

Advantage of Array
• Huge amount of data can be stored under single variable name.
• Searching of data item is faster.
• 2 dimension arrays are used to represent the matrices.
• It is helpful in implementing other data structure like linked list,
queue,stack.

One dimensional Array
SYNTAX:
data-type name[index];
EXAMPLE:
int num[10];

Initialization
• int num[6]={2,4,6,7,8,12};
• Individual elements can also be initialize as:
• num[0]=2;
• num[1]=4;
• num[2]=6;
• num[3]=7;
• num[4]=8;
• num[5]=12;

•
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{ int n,i,arr[5];
printf("Enter the value of n:");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=0; i<n; i++)
{
printf("input value:");
scanf("%d",&arr[i]);
}
printf("inputted values are :n");
for(i=0; i<n; i++)
{
printf("n%d",arr[i]);
}
}

Multi-dimensional Array
• In multi-dimensional we focus on the two dimensional array.
SYNTAX:
data-type name[row-size][column-size];
EXAMPLE:
int a[3][4];

Initialization
• int odd[3][2]={1,3,5,7,9,11};
• Individual element can also be assigned as:
• Odd[0][0]=1;
• Odd[0][1]=3;
• Odd[1][0]=5;
• Odd[1][1]=7;
• Odd[2][0]=9;
• Odd[2][1]=11;

• #include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int n,i,j,arr[5][5];
printf("Enter the value of n:");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=0; i<n; i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&arr[i][j]);
}
}
printf("inputted values are :n");
for(i=0; i<n; i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
printf("n%d",arr[i][j]);
}
}
}

Welcome to our_presentation in c

Programming in C
Pointer Basics

What Are Pointers?
A pointer is a variable whose value is the address of another variable,
i.e., direct address of the memory location

How to use Pointers?
• There are few important operations, which we will do
with the help of pointers very frequently. (a) we
define a pointer variable (b) assign the address of a
variable to a pointer and (c) finally access the value at
the address available in the pointer variable.

1/14/10
C Pointer Variables
To declare a pointer variable, we must do two things
– Use the “*” (star) character to indicate that the variable
being defined is a pointer type.
– Indicate the type of variable to which the pointer will
point (the pointee).
• General declaration of a pointer
type *nameOfPointer;

1/14/10
Pointer Declaration
The declaration
int *intPtr;
defines the variable intPtr to be a pointer to a variable of type int.
Caution -- Be careful when defining multiple variables on the same line.
In this definition
int *intPtr, intPtr2;
intPtr is a pointer to an int, but intPtr2 is not!

1/14/10
Pointer Operators
The two primary operators used with pointers are
* (star) and & (ampersand)
– The * operator is used to define pointer variables and
to deference a pointer.
– The & operator gives the address of a variable.
Recall the use of & in scanf( )

• #include<stdio.h>
void main(){
int a;
a=100;
int *p;
p=&a;
printf("The value of a :%d",a);
printf("The value of a :%d",*p);
printf("The address of a :%p",&a);
printf("The address of a :%p",p);
printf("The address of p :%p",&p);
}

WHAT IS STRUCTURE
• Structure is a user define data type.
• It is group of different types of data variables.
• Structure constitute a sort of super data type.
• The C keyword structure declares a c structure.
• Tag is an optional name of a structure type.

STRUCTURE EXAMPLE
#include <stdio.h>
struct student {
int roll;
char name [20];
}stu1={101,”Rahman”};
void main(){
struct student stu2;
printf(“Roll no:%d”,stu1.roll);
printf(“student name:%s”,stu1.name);
printf(“Enter roll no for 2nd student:”);
scanf(“%d”, & stu2.roll);
printf(“Enter name for 2nd student:”);
scanf(“%s”,, & stu2.name);
printf(“roll no2 : %d”, stu2.roll);
printf(“Name 2: %s”, stu2.name);
}

STRUCTURE DECLARATION
• struct tag_name
{
data type member1;
data type member2;
…
…
;
• Example:
Struct lib_books
{
Char title[20];
Char author[15];
Int pages;
Float price;
};

STRUCTURE DECLARATION (CONT.)
• The keyword structure declares a structure to holds the details of four fields namely
- title
- author
- Pages and
- Price.
• These are members of the structures.
• Each member may belong to different or same data type.
• The structure we just declared is not a variable by itself but a template for the structure.

STRUCTURE DECLARATION (CONT.)
• We can declare structure variables using the tag name any where any where in the program. For example
the statement,
struct lib_books book1,book2,book3;
• The complete structure declaration might look like this
struct lib_books
{
char title[20];
char author[15];
int pages;
float price;
};
struct lib_books book1,book2,book3;

STRUCTURE WITHIN STRUCTURE
#include<stdio.h>
struct date{
int day;
int month;
Int year;
};
struct student {
int id;
struct date birthday;
char name[20];
}
#include<stdio.h>
struct date{
int day;
int month;
Int year;
};
struct date{
int day;
int month;
int year;
}birthday;
char name[20];
}

STRUCTURE OVER ARRAY
• Array’s disadvantage is that all the elements stored in an array are to be of the same data type.
• If we need to use a collection of different data type items it is not possible using an array.
• We require using a collection of different data items of differnent data types we can use a structure.

ARRAY WITHIN STRUCTURE
• We often use array of structure
Example:
include<stdio.h>
struct student{
int roll;
int marks[5];
char name[10];
};
void main(){
struct student stu;
int i, sum=0;
printf(“Enter roll no:”);
scanf (“/n%d”, & stu.roll);
printf(“Enter name:/n”);
scanf(“%s”, & stu.name);
for(i=0; i<5; i++){
printf(“Enter marks %d”,i+1);
scanf(“%d”, & stu.mark[i]);
sum+=stu.mark[i];
}
printf(“student details:/n”);
printf(“name:%s”,stu.name);
printf(“/nroll:%d”,stu.roll);
printf(“/n total marks :%d”,sum);
}

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF STRUCTURED PROGRAMMING
• The advantages of adopting a structured approach to programming are numerous.
• These include the following:
• The sequence of operations is simple to trace, thus facilitating debugging.
• There are a finite number of structures with standardized terminology.
• Structures lend themselves easily to building subroutines.
• The set of structures is complete; that is, a]1 programs can be written using three structures.
• Structures are self-documenting and, therefore, easy to read.
• Structures are easy to describe in flowcharts, syntax diagrams, pseudo code, and so on.
• Structured programming results in increased programmer productivity-programs can be written faster.

Welcome to our_presentation in c

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