Wheelchaircontrolledbyheadmotionusingtilt sensorsrishi
- 1. PRESENTED BY, K.RISHIK KANTH UNDER THE WHEEL CHAIR CONTROLLED WITH HEAD motion BY USING TILT SENSORS…..
- 2. Introduction • Head movements control is particularly useful for severely- handicapped people who have spinal cord injury or quadriplegia which cannot use their hands to control the wheelchair. • The patients with such severe disabilities are not able to perform their everyday actions, such as: feeding, toilette usage and movement through space. • The reasons for such decreased motion possibilities can be different stroke, arthritis, high blood pressure, degenerative diseases of bones and joints and cases of paralysis and birth defects. • Also, quadriplegia appears as a consequence of accidents or age. • And also this project consists of AT89s52mcu as micro controller, diode, tilt sensors, LCD display, power supply, PCB, resistors, capacitors, reset button, dc motor, voltage regulator .
- 3. Block diagram POWER SUPPLY LCD DISPLAY TILT SENSOR MOTOR DRIVER MOTORS MICRO CONTROLLER (AT89S52)
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- 5. Hardware Requirements 1)Microcontroller 2)Tilt Sensor 3)LCD Display 4)Power supply 5)L293D 6)Dc motor 7)PCB 8)RESISTOR 9)LED’S 10)CAPACITORS 11)VOLTAGE REGULATOR 12)RESET BUTTON
- 7. • An automotive battery is a rechargeable battery that supplies electric energy to an automobile. • Once the engine is running, power for the car is supplied by the alternator. Typically, starting discharges less than three per cent of the battery capacity. • As well as starting the engine an SLI battery supplies the extra power necessary when the vehicle's electrical requirements exceeds the supply from the charging system. • It is also a stabilizer, evening out potentially-damaging voltage spikes. The alternator, which includes a voltage regulator to keep the output between 11.5 and 12.5 V.
- 8. FEATURES OF AT89s52:- 1)8K Bytes of Re-programmable Flash Memory. 2)RAM is 256 bytes. 3)4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range. 4)Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz’s 5)Three-level Program Memory Lock. 6)256 x 8-bit Internal RAM. 7)32 Programmable I/O Lines. 8)Three 16-bit Timer/Counters. 9)Eight Interrupt Sources. 10)Full Duplex UART Serial Channel. 11)Watchdog timer. 12)Dual data pointer.
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- 10. • A mercury switch (also known as a mercury tilt switch) is a switch which opens and closes an electrical circuit through a small amount of liquid mercury. • Mercury switches have one or more sets of electrical contacts in a sealed glass envelope which contains a bead of mercury. • The envelope may also contain air, an inert gas, or a vacuum. Gravity is constantly pulling the drop of mercury to the lowest point in the envelope. • When the switch is tilted in the appropriate direction, the mercury touches a set of contacts, thus completing the electrical circuit through those contacts. • Tilting the switch the opposite direction causes the mercury to move away from that set of contacts, thus breaking that circuit.
- 11. • LCD is a type of display used in digital watches and many portable computers. • LCD displays utilize to sheets of polarizing material with a liquid crystal solution between them. • An electric current passed through the liquid causes the crystals to align so that light cannot pass through them. • LCD technology has advanced very rapidly since its initial inception over a decade ago for use in laptop computers. • Technical achievement has resulted in brighter displace, higher resolutions, reduce response times and cheaper manufacturing process.
- 12. Features:- 1)Wide supply-voltage range: 4.5V to 36V 2)Separate input- logic supply 3)Internal ESD protection 4)Thermal shutdown 5)High-Noise-Immunity input 6) Functional Replacements for SGS L293 and SGS L293D 7)Output current 1A per channel (600 mA for L293D) 8) Peak output current 2 A per channel (1.2 A for L293D) 9)Output clamp diodes for Inductive Transient Suppression(L293D)
- 13. • A DC motor is an electric motor that runs on direct current (DC) electricity. In any electric motor, operation is based on simple electromagnetism. • A current-carrying conductor generates a magnetic field; when this is then placed in an external magnetic field, it will experience a force proportional to the current in the conductor, and to the strength of the external magnetic field. • As you are well aware of from playing with magnets as a kid, opposite (North and South) polarities attract, while like polarities (North and North, South and South) repel. • The internal configuration of a DC motor is designed to harness the magnetic interaction between a current-carrying conductor and an external magnetic field to generate rotational motion.
- 14. • It is possible to create the source files in a text editor such as Notepad, run the Compiler on each C source file, specifying a list of controls, run the Assembler on each Assembler source file, specifying another list of controls, run either the Library Manager or Linker and finally running the Object-HEX Converter to convert the Linker output file to an Intel Hex File. • Once that has been completed the Hex File can be downloaded to the target hardware and debugged. • Alternatively KEIL can be used to create source files. • Automatically compile, link and covert using options set with an easy to use user interface and finally simulate or perform debugging on the hardware with access to C variables and memory. • KEIL Greatly simplifies the process of creating and testing an embedded application.
- 15. SOFTWARE RESULT
- 16. • Proteus (processor for text easy to use) is a fully functional, procedural programming language created in 1998 by Simone Zanella. • Proteus incorporates many functions derived from several other languages: C, BASIC, Assembly, Clipper. • It is especially versatile in dealing with strings, having hundreds of dedicated functions; this makes it one of the richest languages for text manipulation. • Proteus owes its name to a Greek god of the sea (Proteus), who took care of Neptune's crowd and gave responses. • Transforming data from one form to another is the main usage of this language.
- 17. • An embedded system is a special-purpose system in which the computer is completely encapsulated by or dedicated to the device or system it controls. • Unlike a general-purpose computer, such as a personal computer, an embedded system performs one or a few pre-defined tasks, usually with very specific requirements. • Since the system is dedicated to specific tasks, design engineers can optimize it, reducing the size and cost of the product. Embedded systems are often mass-produced, benefiting from economies of scale. • Personal digital assistants (PDAs) or handheld computers are generally considered embedded devices because of the nature of their hardware design, even though they are more expandable in software terms. • This line of definition continues to blur as devices expand. • Physically embedded systems range from portable devices such as digital watches and MP3 players, to large stationary installations like traffic lights, factory controllers, or the systems controlling nuclear power plants.
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- 19. PCB(PRINTEDCIRCUIT BOARD) A PCB is a printed circuit board which mechanically supports and electrically connects electronic components using conductive tracks, pads and other features etched from copper sheets laminated onto a nonconductive substrate. PCB can be single sided, double sided or multilayered. RESISTOR A Resistor is a passive two terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. resistors act to reduce current flow and at the same time act to lower voltage levels within circuits.
- 20. A LED (light emitting diode) is a two lead semiconductor light source. it is a p-n junction diode, which emits light when activated. when a suitable voltage is applied to the lead, electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within the devices ,releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence, and the color of lights is determined by the energy band gap of the semi conductor. Capacitor is a passive two terminal electrical component used to store energy electro statically in an electric field . It consists of one or more pairs of conductors separated by an insulator. we used 1000uf,33pf(2),10uf.
- 21. Voltage regulator is a integrated circuit. the voltage source in a circuit may have fluctuation s and would not give fixed voltage output.it maintains the output voltage at constant value.7805 provide positive 5v regulated power supply. A Reset button is a simple button is a simple switch mechanism for controlling aspects of a machine or process buttons are typically made out of hard material usually plastic or metal .the surface is usually flat or shaped to accommodate the human finger or hand. so ,as to be easily depressed or pushed
- 22. • Tilt sensor which is connected to the head of the user measures the angles with respect to the x and y axis. • When we move the head in the forward direction, sensor sends the signal to the 89S52Micro controller. • Then according to the program micro controller gives the signal to LS293 to move the DC motor in the forward direction. • According to the data given by the 89S52 microcontroller LCD displays it. • So the robot in the forward direction . Similarly when the head turn towards the left side the chair turn towards the left and as usually towards right and left.
- 23. • The prototype we developed provides a solution to the controlled car driving by handicapped person. • Moreover considering about the whole world it has been estimated that there are 50,000 individuals who are quadriplegics. • Majority are soldiers and officers can make use of this invention . • These people would be able to upgrade their living with support of the motored wheelchair with this invention. • So our idea is that by expanding this product we would be able support the social and economical development as a whole ,while supporting to these suffering lives. • Moreover It is radiation free, safe and reliable.