Wi max overview

WiMAX Overview
Prepared by:
Dhiraj Pandhi (edhipan)
EGIL01833

Ericsson Internal | 2011-08-31 | Page 2
WiMAX is a broadband radio access
technology based on the IEEE 802.16
protocol. To apply this technology, you need
to be familiar with the basic concepts and
technology benefits of WiMAX.
This document describes the basic concepts,
application scenarios, and network structure
of WiMAX.

After learning this document, you will be
capable of:
Being familiar with the basic concepts
and associated protocols of WiMAX
Being familiar with the application
scenarios and technology benefits of
WiMAX
Being familiar with the network structure
of WiMAX

Chapter 1 Basic Concepts of WiMAX
Chapter 2 Application Scenarios of
WiMAX
Chapter 3 Network Structure of
WiMAX

Development of Radio Communication
2G 2.5G 3G

Development Background of WiMAX
5
60
120
(Km/h)
BWA (WiMAX 802.16d, 802.16e)
(GSM, UMTS, CDMA, HSDPA)
Data Rate

Basic Concepts of WiMAX
Worldwide Interoperability for
Microwave Access
IEEE 802.15 –
Bluetooth
WAN
MAN
LAN
PAN ETSI
HiperPAN
IEEE 802.11 –
Wireless LAN
ETSI
HiperLAN
IEEE 802.16-
Wireless MAN
ETSI HiperMAN
& HiperAccess
IEEE 802.20
(proposed)
3GPP,3GPP2
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave
Access (WiMAX)
 WiMAX based on the IEEE802.16 protocol is a broadband wireless technology applied
to the Metropolitan Area Network (MAN).
 It complies with the "Broadband + Wireless" trend. WiMAX features the Orthogonal
Frequency Division Multiplex Access (OFDMA), Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO),
and other advanced technologies to maintain its broadband advantage.
 It is called "3.5G" or "4G" technology. In October of 2007, it becomes the fourth standard
of 3G technology.

Protocols
WiMAX is based on the 802.16 protocol that has two standards:
802.16dFixed broadband radio access standard
It specifies the air interface layer between the fixed access
terminals and the BTS.
802.16eMobile broadband radio access standard
It supports the mobile station.
It supports both the fixed broadband radio access system and
mobile broadband radio access system.

Technical Specifications of WiMAX
Technical Specification 802.16d 802.16e
Bandwidth (MHz) 1.75-20 1.25-20
Frequency (GHz) 2-11 2-6
Mobility Fixed or roaming Middle-rate mobile station (<120 km/h)
Transmission technology Multi-carrier, OFDM Multi-carrier, OFDMA
Multiple access OFDMA
Spectrum assignment unit Sub-channel
Duplex mode TDD,FDD
Peak rate (Mbit/s) 75 Mbps (20 MHz) 15 Mbps (5 MHz) , 30 MHbps (10 MHz)
Modulation mode DL:BPSK,QPSK,16QAM,64QAM ;UL:BPSK,QPSK,16QAM
Inter-cell handovers No Yes
Enhanced technology Intelligent antenna, MIMO, HARQ, AMC
Access control The BS periodically allocates bandwidths to the MS and provides opportunities
for periodic unicast polling. The MSs access the network based on the priority.
QoS Supporting five QoS class standards, including UGS, ERtPS, RtPS, NrtPS, and
BE
Battery saving mode No Supporting idle and sleep modes

Technical Benefits of WiMAX
 Advanced technical functions
It incorporates multiple technologies, including OFDMA, MIMO,
AMC, and HARQ.
 Wide coverage and high throughput
The maximum coverage distance of a BS is 50 km. The typical
coverage distance is six km to ten km.
The maximum throughput of each sector is 75 Mbit/s.
 Easy to expand
It is easy to add new sectors.
It is easy to plan the channel bandwidth.
 Low risks of overhead and investment
 Broadband access

Global Spectrum Distribution of WiMAX
2.3, 2.5, 3.5
GHz
2.3, 2.5, 3.7
GHz
2.5, 3.5GHz
2.5, 3.5GHz
3.5GHz
2.3, 2.5, 3.5
GHz
2.3, 2.5,3.3,
3.5GHz
2.3G 2.3－2.4 GHz
2.5G 2.496－2.690 GHz
3.5G 3.4－3.6 GHz
Primary
frequency
bands:

Comparison Analysis of WiMAX/EV-DO/HSDPA
Technology WiMAX 1x EV-DO HSDPA
Standard IEEE 802.16e CDMA-2000 WCDMA/UMTS
Throughput 30 Mbit/s
(10MHzbandwidth)
2.4 Mbit/s 2 Mbit/s (HSDPA
supports more
than10 Mbit/s
throughput.)
Coverage
range
Typical: 6 km to10 km Typical: 2 km to 5 km Typical: 2 km to
5 km
Frequency 2 GHz to 6 GHz 400 MHz, 800 MHz, 700
MHz, 900 MHz, 1800
MHz, 2100 MHz
900 MHz, 1800
MHz, 2100 MHz
Bandwidth 1.25 MHz to 20 MHz 1.25 MHz 5 MHz
Core
technology of
the physical
layer
OFDMA, MIMO/AAS,
AMC
CDMA, AMC CDMA, AMC
Duplex mode TDD FDD FDD
Mobility Low speed(<120km/h) High speed High speed

IEEE 802.16 Working Group
IEEE 802.16 Working Group
 In 1999, the IEEE working group is set up, which studies the
broadband radio access technology standard. The aim of this
group is to establish a global broadband radio access standard.
 This group sets down the broadband access system standards,
including the air interface standards and associated standards.
 At the beginning of 2003, this group issues the 802.16a standard
that defines the 2 GHz to 11 GHz NLOS fixed access system.
 On October 1 of 2004, this group issues the 802.16d fixed access
standard.
 In the end of 2005, this group issues the 802.16e standard. Now, the
802.16e Release3 has been issued.

WiMAX Forum
 In April of 2001, the WiMAX forum is set up. This forum participates in
authenticating the standardization and interoperability of the broadband
radio access products based on IEEE 802.16 and ETSI HiperMAN.
 This forum is organized by many radio communication equipment suppliers,
component suppliers, operators, which is a nonprofit organization.
 In November of 2004, the Network Working Group (NWG) is set up, which
participates in setting downing the network standards for the IEEE 802.16d
and IEEE 802.16e.

Structure of WiMAX Forum
The WiMAX forum is set up for the purpose of push and accelerate the
process of commercialization of the high-quality broadband radio service.

Chapter 1 Basic Concepts of
WiMAX
WiMAX
WiMAX

NomadicFixed Simple
Mobility
Full-rate Mobility
Application Scenarios of WiMAX
Portable
Fixed
(16d/16e)
Nomadic
(16e)
Portable
(16e)
Simple Mobility
（16e)
Full-rate Mobility
（16e)
Applicatio
n
Application in
buildings,
application in
the high-level
residences
Family indoor
access,
terminal access
(It does not
support
handovers.)
Family outdoor
access,
Mobile terminal
access
(It supports
handovers.)
Medium-rate
terminal access
high-rate
terminal
access
Terminal CPE PCMCIA, USB
module
PCMCIA, USB
module,
embedded
portable
terminal
PDA , mobile terminal
Mobility No No > 5 km/h > 60 km/h >120 km/h

QoS-Based Services
Unsolicited Grant Service (UGS) – VoIP (without silence suppression)
Extended Real-time Polling Service (ertPS) – VoIP with silence
suppression
Real-time Polling Service (rtPS) – MPEG video
Non-real-time Polling Service (nrtPS) – FTP service
Best Effort (BE) – network browse, e-mail

Development of the WiMAX Product
Equipment supplier BWA manufacturer Chip manufacturer
terminal
manufacturer

Chapter 1 Basic Concepts of
WiMAX
WiMAX
WiMAX

End-to-End Network Structure of WiMAX

Network Elements of WiMAX
MSS - Mobile Subscriber Station
ASN - Access Service Network
The ASN consists of the base station (BS) and the Access Service Network-
Gateway (ASN-GW). The ASN manages the IEEE 802.16e air interface and enables
the MS to access multiple CSNs.
CSN - Connect Service Network
The CSN is connected to the Internet, ASP, PLMN, and other networks. It provides
Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA), roaming between different
(Network Service Providers) NSPs, IP address management, location management,
mobility management, connection for multiple services, policy management, and
QoS management.
NAP- Network Access Provider
NSP- Network Service Provider

WiMAX NWG-ASN Profile A
ASN-GWBS
R2
•RRA
•Auth. Relay
•Key Receiver
•HO
•Authenticator
•RRC
•Key Distribute
•PC
•Centralized ASN model
•Semi-Flat Architecture
•HO and RRC are at GW
•Profile A with standard R1,R2 ,R3,R4
CSNASN
R1
Air
Interface
BS
BS
ASN-GW
ASN-GW
HA AAA
R6 R3
R4
Internet

WiMAX NWG-ASN Profile B
•Distributed ASN solution;
•Flat Architecture;
•BS and ASN-GW function is
embedded in BS;
•Profile B with standard R1, R2, R3,
R4;
•HO
•PA
•RRA+RRC
•Key Receiver +
Distribute
•AAA Client
•DHCP Proxy
•Authenticator
•PC
Combined BS+ASN-GW
Internet
R2
R1
Air
Interface
BS+ASN-GW
BS+ASN-GW
HA AAA
R3
R4
CSNASN

WiMAX NWG-ASN Profile C
CSNASN
ASN-GWBS
•HO
•RRA+RRC
•Auth. Relay
•Key Receiver
•Authenticator
•Key Distribute
•PC
•AAA Client
•DHCP Proxy
•MIP FA
•Centralized ASN model;
•Semi-Flat Architecture;
•HO and RRC are at BS;
•Profile C with standard
R1,R2 ,R3,R4,R6;
Internet
R2
R1
Air
Interface
BS
BS
ASN-GW
ASN-GW
HA AAA
R6 R3
R4

Interface Introduction
Interface Description
R1 R1 interface between the MS and the ASN as the air interface
specification for (PHY and MAC)
R2 R2 is the interface between the MS and the CSN associated
with Authentication, Service Authorization, IP Host
configuration management, and mobility management. R2 is
a logical interface and does not reflect a direct protocol
interface between the MS and CSN.
R3 R3 is the interface between the ASN and CSN to support
AAA, policy enforcement and mobility management
capabilities. In addition, R3 encompasses the bearer plane
methods (e.g., tunneling) to transfer IP data between the ASN
and the CSN.

Interface Introduction
Interface Description
R4 R4 consists of a set of control and bearer plane protocols
originating and terminating in various entities within the ASN
that coordinate MS mobility between ASNs.
R5 R5 consist of a set of control plane and bearer plane
protocols for interworking between CSNs
R6 R6 provides the communication between the BS and the ASN
GW which provides a set of control and bearer plane
protocols.
R8 R8 is a set of control plane message flows and in some
causes, bearer plane data flows between the BS to ensure
fast seamless handover.

Networking Features of WiMAX
Independent networking
Hybrid networking with 2G/3G
Easy to construct the network
Low cost

Networking Solution of WiMAX
MSS
ASN
CSN
ASN-RAN
BS：BBU BBU3703
RRU RRU3701C
Functions: The BS receives and
transmits radio signals and thus
enables the communication
between the WiMAX network and
the MS.
ASN-GW WASN9770
Functions: The ASN-GW forwards
packet data, and provides access
control, QoS management, traffic
management, and accounting
management.
Internet
IMS/NGN
Home Agent
Policy Decision
Function
AAA
iManager
M2000
WASN9770
BTS3706
WASN9770
BTS3706
RRU3701C
BBU3703
RRU3701C
BBU3703
PCMCIA HandsetFixed Access
PSTN
ASN
CSN

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