Wildlife Zoot.docx. Threats to wildlife.
- 1. ASSIGNMENT Wildlife Zool-314 THREATEND SPECIES IN PAKISTAN SUBHAN ALI 035994(2410) Submitted to: Sir Iftikhar Assistant Professor Department of Zoology Govt. Islamia Graduate College, Civil Lines, Lahore.
- 2. wildlife WILDLIFE IN PAKISTAN EXTINCT AND ENDANGERED SPECIES LEVEL BY IUCN SOME THREATENED SPECIES OF PAKISTAN THREATS TO WILDLIFE WILDLIFE CONSERVATION WILDLIFE Wildlife refers to undomesticated plants and animals (fauna and flora),not cultivated and not introduced by humans. Wildlife can be found in all ecosystems; • Deserts • Plains • Grasslands • Woodlands • Forests wildlife of Pakistan comprises a diverse flora and fauna in a wide range of habitats from sea level to high elevation areas in the mountains, including 195 mammal, 668 bird species and more than 5000 species of Invertebrates.This diverse composition of the country's fauna is associated with its location in the transitional zone between two major zoogeographical regions, the Palearctic, and the Orienal.The northern regions of Pakistan which include KPK and GB.
- 3. CATEGORIES OF WILDLIFE POPULATION STATUS ACCORDING TO THE IUCN RED LIST EXTINCT (EX) A species is Extinct when there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. A taxon is presumed Extinct when exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate times (diurnal, seasonal, annual), throughout its historic range have failed to record an individual. Surveys should be over a time frame appropriate to the species life cycle and life form. EXTINCT IN THE WILD (EW) A species is Extinct in the Wild when it is known only to survive in cultivation, in captivity or as a naturalized population (or populations) well outside the past range. A species is presumed Extinct in the wild when exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate times (diurnal, seasonal, annual), throughout its historic range have failed to record an individual. Surveys should be over a time frame appropriate to the species life cycle and life form. CRITICALLY ENDANGERED (CR) A species is Critically Endangered when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria for Critically Endangered and it is therefore considered to be facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. ENDANGERED (EN) A species is Endangered when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria for Endangered and it is therefore considered to be facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild. VULNERABLE (VU) A species is Vulnerable when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria for Vulnerable and it is therefore considered to be facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. NEAR THREATENED (NT) A species is Near Threatened when it has been evaluated against the criteria but does not qualify for Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable now, but is close to qualifying for or is likely to qualify for a threatened category in the near future. LEAST CONCERN (LC) A species is Least Concern when it has been evaluated against the criteria and does not qualify for Threatened. Widespread and abundant species are included in this category. DATA DEFICIENT (DD) A species is Data Deficient when there is inadequate information to make a direct, or indirect, assessment of its risk of extinction based on its distribution and/or population status. A species in this category may be well studied, and its biology well known, but appropriate data on abundance and/or distribution are lacking. Data Deficient is therefore not a category of threat. Listing of taxa in this category indicates that more information is required and acknowledges the possibility that future research will show that threatened classification is appropriate. It is important to make positive use of whatever data are available. In many cases great care should be exercised in choosing between DD and a threatened status. If the range of a species is suspected to be relatively circumscribed, and a considerable period of time has elapsed since the last record of the species, threatened status may well be justified. NOT EVALUATED (NE) A species is Not Evaluated when it has not yet been evaluated against the criteria. . More specific threats to biodiversity are posed by deforestation (estimated at 1% annually), overgrazing, soil erosion, rampant hunting and fishing, and agricultural practices.
- 4. EXTICT SPECIES OF PAKISTAN: • Regionally extinct species in Pakistan include: • Indian rhinoceros (since the 17th century) • Asian elephant • Asiatic lion • Asiatic cheetah • Bengal tiger • Barasingha • Indian wild ass (since the installation of a fenced border at Sir Creek between India and Pakistan). • Kashmir stag Some threatened species of Pakistan 1-MARKHOR • Common English Name: Screw horn goat • Scientific names: Capra falconeri • Local Names: Markhor • ICUN Status: Near Threatened • Location: Northern and Central Pakistan Several species have been described as extremely rare or occurring in very small population on the borders of Pakistan, and of these, the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), Indian wild ass (Equus hemionus khur) and hangul (Cervus elaphus hanglu) are already regarded as being extinct in Pakistan.
- 5. 2-INDUS BLIND DOLPHIN • Common English Name: Indus River Dolphin • Scientific names: Platanista minor • Local Name: Bhulan; Blind dolphin • IUCN Status: Endangered • Location: Indus River 3-SINDH IBEX • Common English Name: Wild goat, Ibex • Scientific names: Capra aegagrus blythi • Local Name: Sindh ibex • National Status: Vulnerable • Location: Kirthar National Park, Sindh • 4- Common English Name: Asian Black Bear • Scientific names: Ursus thibetanus gedrosianus • Local Name: Balochistan Black Bear; Kala Reech • IUCN Status: Vulnerable • Location: Baluchistan, Pakistan 5-FISHING CAT • Common English Name: Fishing cat • Scientific names: Prionailurus viverrinus
- 6. • Local Name: Jangli billi • IUCN Status: Vulnerable • Location: Sindh, Balochistan, Punjab 6-ASIAN LEOPARD • Common English Name: Asian Leopard • Scientific names: Panthera pardus • Local Name: Cheetah • IUCN Status: Endangered • Location: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Sindh, Baluchistan, Punjab, Azad Kashmir 7-URIAL • Common English Name: Urial; Wild sheep • Scientific names: Ovis vignei • Local Name: Urial • IUCN Status: Vulnerable • Location: Northern mountain regions of Pakistan including Hindu Kush and Himalayas. 8-HIMALIYAN MUSK DEAR • Common English Name: White-bellied/Himalayan musk deer • Scientific names: Cervus canadensis hanglu • Local Name: Himalaya Hiran
- 7. • IUCN Status: Endangered • Location: Northern Pakistan Threats to Biodiversity and Wildlife As a result, it is estimated that at least 12% of the flora is threatened and several of the faunal species are threatened too. However, the real status of most species remains unknown. Deforestation Overexploitation Ocean Acidification Culling Pollution Climate change Illegal Wildlife Trade Habitat destruction Deforestation WILDLIFE CONSERVATION • Wildlife conservation refers to the practice of protecting wild species and their habitats in order to maintain healthy wildlife species or populations and to restore, protect or enhance natural ecosystems. Major threats to wildlife include habitat destruction, degradation, fragmentation, overexploitation, poaching, pollution, climate change, and the illegal wildlife trade. The IUCN estimates that 42,100 species of the ones assessed are at risk for extinction. THANKS