Wireline Operations
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The document provides an overview of wireline operations in the oil and gas industry, detailing its definition, types (slick line and braided line), and the various applications including well intervention and reservoir evaluation. It discusses wireline tools, logs, and pressure control techniques that are crucial during wireline operations, highlighting equipment used to manage pressure effectively. The document serves as a comprehensive guide for understanding the processes and tools involved in wireline operations.
Wireline Operations
- 2. WIRE LINE OPERATIONS Rao Mubarak Ali Institute Of Petroleum & Natural Gas Engineering Mehran University Of Engineering & Technology Jamshoro, Sindh, PAKISTAN [email protected] international member of SPE 4353073
- 3. PRESENTATION CONTENTS What is wireline? Types of wireline Slick line Braided line Wireline Logs Wireline Tools How Pressure control during wireline operation Tools used to control Pressure during wireline operation
- 4. WHAT IS WIRELINE ??? In the oil and gas industry, the term wireline usually refers to a cabling technology used by operators of oil and gas wells to lower equipment or measurement devices into the well for the purposes of well intervention, reservoir evaluation, and pipe recovery.
- 5. DIFFERENT TYPES OF WIRELINE Slick line A slickline is a thin cable introduced into a well to deliver and retrieve tools downhole. Used to place and recover wellbore equipment, such as plugs, gauges and valves, slicklines are single-strand non-electric cables lowered into oil and gas wells from the surface. Slicklines can also be used to adjust valves and sleeves located downhole, as well as repair tubing within the wellbore.
- 6. BRAIDED LINE Braided line can contain an inner core of insulated wires which provide power to equipment located at the end of the cable, normally referred to as electric line. Provides a pathway for electrical telemetry for communication between the surface and equipment at the end of the cable.
- 7. WIRE LINE LOGS First developed by Conrad and Marcel Schlumberger in 1927. Wireline logs measure formation properties in a well through electrical lines of wire. Wireline logs are constant downhole measurements sent through the electrical wireline used to help geologists, drillers and engineers make real-time decisions about drilling operations. Wireline logs can measure resistivity, conductivity and formation pressure, as well as sonic properties and wellbore dimensions.
- 8. WIRELINE TOOLS Wireline tools are specially designed instruments lowered into a well bore on the end of the wireline cable. They are individually designed to provide any number of particular services, such as evaluation of the rock properties, the location of casing collars, formation pressures, information regarding the pore size or fluid identification and sample recovery. Some wireline tools are: Nuclear tools , Resistivity Tools Sonic and Ultrasonic Tools , Magnetic Resonance Tools Borehole Seismic Tools , Cased Hole Electric Line Additional Equipment Cable Head Tractors Measuring Head
- 9. PRESSURE CONTROL DURING WIRELINE OPERATION The pressure control employed during wireline operations is intended to contain pressure originating from the well bore. During open hole electric line operations, the pressure might be the result from a well kicking. During cased hole electric line, this is most likely the result of a well producing at high pressures. Pressure equipment must be rated to well over the expected well pressures. Normal ratings for wireline pressure equipment is 5,000, 10,000, and 15,000 pounds per square inch. Some wells are contained with 20,000 psi and 30,000 psi equipment is in development also.
- 10. TOOLS ARE USED TO CONTROL THE PRESSURE DURING WIRELINE OPERATION Flange Wireline Valve Lubricator Pump-In Sub Grease Injector Head Pack-Off Line Wiper Quick Test Sub Ball-Check Valve Head Catcher Tool Trap
- 11. 1. Flange A flange attaches to the top of the Christmas tree, usually with some sort of adapter for the rest of the pressure control. A metal gasket is placed between the top of the Christmas tree and the flange to keep in well pressures. 1. Wireline Valve A wireline control valve, also called a wireline blow out preventer(BOP), is an enclosed device with one or more rams capable of closing over the wireline in an emergency. A dual wireline valve has two sets of rams and some have the capability of pumping grease in the space between the rams to counterbalance the well pressure. 1. Lubricator Lubricator is the term used for sections of pressure tested pipe that act to seal in wireline tools during pressurization. As stated it is a series of pipes that connect and it is what holds the tool string so operators can make runs in and out of the well. It has valves to bleed off pressure so that you can disconnect it from the well and work on tools, etc. 1. Pump-In Sub Pump-in subs (also known as a flow T) allow for the injection of fluid into the pressure control string. Normally these are used for wellsite pressure testing, which is typically performed between every run into the well. They can also be used to bleed off pressure from the string after a run in the well, or to pump in kill fluids to control a wild well.
- 12. 5. Grease Injector Head The grease injector head is the main apparatus for controlling well pressure while running into the hole. The grease head uses a series of very small pipes, called flow tubes, to decrease the pressure head of the well. Grease is injected at high pressure into the bottom portion of the grease head to counteract the remaining well pressure. 5. Pack-Off Pack-off subs utilize hydraulic pressure on a two brass fittings which compress a rubber sealing element to create a seal around the wireline. Pack-offs can be hand pumped or compressed through a motorized pumping unit. 5. Line Wiper A line wiper operates in much the same way as a pack-off sub, except that the rubber element is much softer. Hydraulic pumps exert force on the rubber element until a light pressure is exerted on the wireline, cleaning grease and well fluid off the line in the process. 5. Quick Test Sub A Quick Test Sub (QTS) is used when pressure testing the pressure control equipment (PCE) for repetitive operations. The PCE is pressure tested and then broke at the QTS afterwards to avoid having to retest the entire string. The PCE is then reconnected at the QTS. The QTS has two O-rings where it was disconnected that can be tested with hydraulic pressure to confirm the PCE can still hold the pressure it was tested to.