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Working drawing
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- 2. TOPICS Introduction Detail drawing Assembly drawing Assemblysection Dimensioning
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- 4. DEFINITION Working drawing isa set of drawing used during the work of making a product. Working drawing Detail drawing Assembly drawing
- 5. DEFINITION Detail drawing isa multiview representation of a single part with dimensions and notes. Assembly drawing is a drawing of various parts of a machine or structure assembled in their relative working positions.
- 6. Detail drawing conveysthe information and instructions for manufacturing the part. 4. functional relationship among various components. 1. completed shape of the product. 2. overall dimensions. PURPOSE Assembly drawing conveys 3. relative position of each part.
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- 8. INFORMATION IN DETAIL DRAWING 2.1Shape description 2.2 Size description 2.3 Specifications 1. General information 2. Part’ s information Title block Object’s views Notes
- 9. GENERAL INFORMATION Nameof company Title of drawing (usually part’s name) Drawing sheet number Name of drafter, checker Relevant dates of action (drawn, checked, approved etc.) Revision table Unit Scale Method of projection
- 10. PART’ S INFORMATION Orthographic drawing Pictorial drawing Dimensions and Tolerances Specifications General notes Type of material used Surface finish General tolerances Part number, name, number required Shape Size Heat treatment
- 11. If not thecase, - apply enough spacing between parts. -draw all parts using the same scale. -Otherwise, the scale should be clearly note under each part’s drawing. Draw one part to one sheet of paper. RECOMMENDED PRACTICE Standard parts such as bolt, nut, pin, bearing do not require detail drawings.
- 12. Part No., Partname, material, Number required Notes Unit, fillets & rounds sizes etc. Completed dimension orthographic drawing Title block PLACING AN INFORMATION (This course)
- 13. EXAMPLE : Interpretingdetail drawing General note Revision table Title block 1. Orthographic views 2. Dimensions & Tolerances 3. Surface finishing ProjectionGen. tolerance
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- 15. 1. Exploded assemblydrawings 3. Detail assembly drawings TYPES OF ASSEMBLY DRAWING 2. General assembly drawings. The parts are separately display, but they are aligned according to their assembly positions and sequences. All parts are drawn in their working position. All parts are drawn in their working position with a completed dimensions.
- 16. 1. EXPLODED ASSEMBLY Pictorialrepresentation Finished product
- 17. 1. EXPLODED ASSEMBLY Orthographicrepresentation
- 18. 2. GENERAL ASSEMBLY PictorialOrthographic
- 19. Only dimensions relateto machine’s operation are given. Only dimensions relate to machine’s operation are given in tabulated form (not shown). 2. GENERAL ASSEMBLY
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- 22. 1. All parts,drawn in their operating position. 2. Part list (or bill of materials, BOM) 3. Leader lines with balloons around part numbers. 1. Item number 2. Descriptive name 3. Material, MATL. 4. Quantity required (per a unit of machine), QTY. 4. Machining and assembly operations and critical dimensions related to operation of the machine. REQUIRED INFORMATION IN GENERAL ASSEMBLY DRAWING
- 23. - Assembled parts -Reference numbers General notes Title block Part list PLACING AN INFORMATION (This course)
- 24. PART LIST (BOM)(This course) NO. PART NAME REQD. MATL. & NOTE 1 SUPPORT 2 Cast Iron 2 SHAFT 1 Stainless Steel 3 SET SCREW 1 Stainless Steel, M3 HEX SOCK CUP PT Locate above or beside the title block. Fill the table from the bottom.
- 25. EXAMPLE : Anotherallowable place for BOM
- 26. STEPS TO CREATE ASSEMBLYDRAWING 4. Draw a view of major parts according to a selected viewing direction. 3. Choose major parts, i.e. parts that have several parts assembled on. 1. Analyze geometry and dimensions of all parts in order to understand the assembly steps and overall shape of device or machine. 2. Select an appropriate view.
- 27. 6. Apply sectiontechnique where relative positions between adjacent parts are needed to clarify. 7. Add balloons, notes and dimensions (if any). 5. Add detail view of the remaining parts at their working positions. 8. Create BOM. STEPS TO CREATE ASSEMBLY DRAWING
- 28. GENERAL PRACTICE The numberof views can be one, two, three or more as needed, but it should be minimum. A good viewing direction is that represents all (or most) of the parts assembled in their working position.
- 29. Part A PartB EXAMPLE : Selection of a necessary view Given Student A Student B Which is an appropriate view for assembly drawing ?
- 30. GENERAL PRACTICE Hidden linesare usually omitted unless they are absolutely necessary to illustrate some important feature that the reader might otherwise miss.
- 31. EXAMPLE : Hiddenlines omit or not ? Part A Part B A B C Good Poor
- 32. EXAMPLE : Hiddenlines omit or not ? Part A Part B A B Good Poor
- 33. EXAMPLE : Hiddenlines omit or not ? Part A Part B A B Good Poor
- 34. GENERAL PRACTICE Section techniqueis usually needed to clarify mating of the parts. Correct Better Part A Part B OFF Use different section line styles for adjacent parts. ONColor
- 35. Do not drawsection lines on sectional view of standard parts. - Threaded fastener - Washer - (longitudinal cut of) Solid shaft, Pin, Key SECTION LINE PRACTICE
- 36. EXAMPLE 1 :Assembly steps 3 PIN, Steel, 1 REQD. 2 ARM, Steel, 1 REQD. 1 CLEVIS, Steel, 1 REQD.
- 37. EXAMPLE : Sectionline practice A B Which is an appropriate full section view of this assembly ? Good Poor OFF ONColor
- 38. EXAMPLE 2 :Assembly steps 3 TAPER PIN, Steel, 1 REQD. 2 SHAFT, Steel, 1 REQD. 1 SUPPORT, Steel, 1 REQD.
- 39. EXAMPLE : Sectionline practice A B Good Poor Which is an appropriate full section view of this assembly ? C D OFF ONColor
- 40. EXAMPLE 3 :Assembly steps 3 PIN, Steel, 1 REQD. 2 ARM, Steel, 1 REQD. 1 CLEVIS, Steel, 1 REQD.
- 41. EXAMPLE : Sectionline practice A B Good Poor OFF ONColor Which is an appropriate section view of the joint ? C
- 42. LEADER LINE PRACTICE Drawnin the oblique direction. Drawn from the inside of the part to the balloon and placed a filled circle at the beginning of a line. 1 2
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- 44. 1. Assemble steps. 2.Function of each part in machine. 3. Design concept. INTERPRETING ASSEMBLY DRAWING
- 45. EXAMPLE 1 :Shaft support on a machine housing Assemble steps 1. Install bearing to the shaft. 2. Install the bearing-shaft unit to the housing. 3. Install the cover plate. 4. Tighten the screw.
- 46. 1. Bearing : Supportthe rotating shaft. 2. Cover : - Control an axial movement. - Prevent the bearing unit from rotation. Functions of main parts EXAMPLE 1 : Shaft support on a machine housing
- 47. Avoid direct contactbetween rotating shaft and housing as well as cover plate by using a bearing and clearance holes. EXAMPLE 1 : Shaft support on a machine housing Design concept
- 48. 1. Wrap apacking to the shaft. 2. Install studs to the casing. 3. Install the gland ring where its holes align with stud. 4. Place the washer and tightening the nut. Packing Casing Gland EXAMPLE 2 : Leakage prevention unit Assemble steps
- 49. 1. Packing : -Preventing the leakage of a fluid inside the casing. 2. Gland : - Press the packing to make it radial expand and press the shaft surface. Packing Casing Gland EXAMPLE 2 : Leakage prevention unit Function
- 50. Avoid direct contactbetween rotating shaft and casing as well as gland ring’s hole. Packing Casing Gland EXAMPLE 2 : Leakage prevention unit Design concept
- 51. EXAMPLE 3 :Fixing parts on a shaft. 1. Place the keys on the key seats. 2. Insert the parts to the shaft until their surfaces lean against the shoulder. 3. Insert collar and then pin or retaining ring into the groove. Assemble steps
- 52. EXAMPLE 3 :Fixing parts on a shaft. 1. Key : - Preventing rotational movement of parts. 2. Pin and retaining ring : - Prevent axial movement of parts on the shaft. Function
- 53. EXAMPLE : Fixingparts on a shaft. Retaining ring can resist lower axial force than collar & pin unit. Design concept
- 54. EXAMPLE : Partswith tapered holes on tapered shaft. 1. Insert the part on the tapered end of the shaft. 2. Insert the washer (non-standard). 3. Tightening the nut. Assemble steps
- 55. EXAMPLE : Partswith tapered holes on tapered shaft. 1. Washer : - Improve the distribution the tightening force on the part. Function
- 56. EXAMPLE : Partswith tapered holes on tapered shaft. Length of the tapered portion and depth of the tapered hole require a calculation. Design concept
- 57. EXAMPLE : Partshaving preloaded spring 1. Insert the spring into the casing. 2. Tighten the rod to the spring loader. 3. Close the cap and tighten. Spring in free length Assemble steps
- 58. EXAMPLE : Partshaving preloaded spring 1. Spring plunger : - Transmit a force from rod to spring. - Keep the spring in a position. Function
- 59. EXAMPLE : Partshaving preloaded spring Spring plunger has a spherical surface contacts to the cap; therefore, the rod can align itself to original position. Design concept
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- 61. 1. Surface finishing 2.Tolerance - Size - Geometry POINTS TO CONSIDER
- 62. SURFACE FINISHING 1. Tocontrol the accuracy in positioning and tightness between mating parts. 2. To reduce the friction, especially for the part moves relative to other parts. Surface finishing means the quality of a surface. It relates to the level of roughness of a surface. Purpose
- 63. 63 Surface Control • Whydo we need to control surface characteristics? – Rough surfaces cause friction and wear – It is difficult to make accurate measurements from rough surfaces
- 64. 64 Surface Characteristics • Roughness –Small hills and valleys found on a surface – Defined as the arithmetic average of the deviations above and below a mean height of a surface – Expressed in microinches or micrometers.
- 65. • Waviness – Surfaceirregularities greater than roughness – Expressed in inches or millimeters • Lay – Direction of tool marks on a machined surface.
- 66. 66 Autumn 2009 .25inches .125 inSurface Control Symbol Material must be removed Material must not be removed Material removal not specified
- 67. M Parallel to linerepresenting surface Perpendicular to the line representing the surface Both directions to the line representing the surface Multidirectional marks Circular Radial Lay particulate, non-directional, protuberant C R P Bar added Symbol location
- 68. 24 Average roughness is0.000024 inches, which is often referred to as 24 microinches or µinches. Material must be removed. 28 14 Maximum average roughness is 28 microinches. Minimum average roughness is 14 microinches. Material must not be removed. 45 R Average roughness is 45 microinches Lines on the surface are radial with respect to the center of the surface
- 69. Assignment • You areto complete the drawing and the work sheets handed out. • They are due on