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Writing Research Proposal
- 1. LECTURE ON WRITING RESEARCH PROPOSAL Dr.M.R. Patil At 99th orientationcourseat HumanResourceDevelopment Centre GoaUniversity, Goa. 20th February, 2018
- 2. RESEARCH PROPOSAL Key Components 1.Title / Title Page 2. Background / introduction 3. Statement of research problem / need for the study 4. Interdisciplinary relevance of research problem 5. Literature review 6. Purpose of the study (research objectives) 7. Assumptions of the study (hypothesis) 8. Methodology / methods Sampling design Sampling unit Sample size Sampling method
- 3. RESEARCH PROPOSAL Key Components Data source Data collection instrument Contact method Data analytical tool conceptual framework (define terms and concepts) 9. Significance of the study / implication of the study 10. Plan of research work 11. Budget / financial assistance 12. Limitations of the study 13. Competence of researcher
- 4. FORMULATION OF TITLEFOR RESEARCH PROPOSAL Essentials of Good title It should be easily understandable It should be a reader friendly It should not be too lengthy It should be impressive and catchy It should convey readers as much as possible It should indicate location of the study It should take readers as quickly as possible to the contents of research work
- 5. RESEARCH TOPIC TITLE Whyis Title more Important? Provides first impression Spells out key ideas Focuses researcher’s investigation Serves as a mini abstract of investigation Makes reader stay with the proposal Takes reader to content of the proposal
- 6. FRAMING OF RESEARCHTITLE How do We Frame Title for Research Problem? Title should be framed first which is followed by defining research problem, raising research issues and questions, developing statement of problem, objectives and hypothesis. OR Vice Versa
- 7. FRAMING OF RESEARCHTITLE Observe the Examples Pre operative surgical preparation and its impact on post operative patients Problems and prospects of industry in India Effectiveness of faculty development programmes: An Empirical Evidence from select beneficiaries
- 8. FRAMING OF RESEARCHTITLE Observe the Examples Pre operative surgical preparation and its impact on post operative heart patients in select private hospitals in Goa: An Explanatory study Problems and prospects of select sugar mills in Sangli District: Descriptive Study Effectiveness of faculty development programmes in Select Nursing Institutions in Bangaluru City: An Empirical Evidence from select beneficiaries
- 9. INTRODUCTION / BACKGROUND Whyis an Introduction Important and How it Should be? Why is Important? Provides a background and statement of context for investigation Holds attention of audience Discusses meaningfulness of the study Puts across arguments projecting need of the study Tells significance of investigation How it should be? Begin with something interesting Emphasize about what a researcher wants to know and understand Give a clear insights into researcher’s intentions Not be too long Highlight scope Facts of Interest •India is called as agrarian economy but agriculture share in GDP is just 13.70%. •India is the major exporter but its share in the world’s export is just 1%
- 10. STATEMENT OF RESEARCHPROBLEM How is Important and What is Expected? It is a short statement but has a lot of power Gives a short summary of research problem Outlines the problems / issues / research questions that researcher intends to investigate / survey Tells how did a researcher get interested in the topic? Tells why there is a need for the study? Describes how does a researcher think this study will be useful? Explains how does a researcher come to this problem? Cite relevant literature that calls for this investigation Present statement of problem under the following: Importance, Problems, Need
- 11. Example Commerce and managementeducation towards meeting the expectations of Industry: Empirical Evidence From Select Companies in Goa and Maharashtra Statement of Problem Importance Commerce and Management education indeed occupies a pivotal role in inculcating the conceptual and application skills and abilities in students and making them a competent human resource as required by the corporate sector. As against this, it has been continuously heard that the current education is not meeting the emerging needs and expectations of industry and the gap between what is being taught and what is really expected by the corporate houses from the academic institutions is widening at a faster pace. OBSERVE THE EXAMPLES.
- 12. Statement of Problem(Continued) Problems The issues / questions that have been frequently raised with regard to relevance of curriculum, quality of different programmes, linkage of content with the changing needs of industry, flexibility in the course content, innovations and new ideas in the content, creativity and rationality in the content, interface between industry and academia, content of value education, richness in teaching resource, teaching beyond the syllabi, evaluation system and many others. Need These serious issues and concerns that are raised at different circles of corporates across have in fact inclined a researcher to undertake a detailed enquiry to the problem. OBSERVE THE EXAMPLES.
- 13. Objective of theStudy To analyze and understand different jobs and occupations that are available to Bachelor and Master programmes at different functional areas of Business enterprises To know the conceptual and application skills and the abilities required at different functional areas of corporates. To seek opinions of different operational Heads / Executives from Industry and Academia with regard to present content of different courses, teaching-learning methodology and performance evaluation system. To assess and examine amount of gap between industry expectations and level of meeting these expectations by the Commerce and Management educational Institutions. OBSERVE THE EXAMPLES.
- 14. Hypothesis of theStudy Corporates essentially look at the required skills and abilities in a candidate / human resource rather than from which stream / discipline / institution, a candidate. There is a considerable gap between industry and academia interface meetings. There is no significant difference at the entry level skills and abilities required across the different functional areas. Students Performance evaluation systems in educational institutions are more examination oriented rather than application oriented. OBSERVE THE EXAMPLES.
- 15. IRRELEVANT RESEARCH OBJECTIVES ResearchProblem Problems and prospects of Women Entrepreneurs in North Goa District: A Study To study the Historical Background of Entrepreneurship across the globe and with particular reference to India To study the different schemes of Government for Women Empowerment To make necessary policy suggestions
- 16. IRRELEVANT RESEARCH OBJECTIVES ResearchProblem Jobs satisfaction analysis of Degree College Teachers of Goa University: A Study To study literature relating to job satisfaction. To study the objectives profile and number of Colleges Affiliated to Goa University To recommend and suggest administrative reforms and practices to enhance job satisfaction. To find out the relevance of hypothesis and achieve objective of the study
- 17. INTERDISCIPLINARY RELEVANCE The researchproblem focusing more than one discipline is highly encouraged. Example 1.E-Commerce and its impact on the performance of Small Business Enterprises 2.Occupational stress and its psychological impact on employees of select IT companies 3.Supply chain management practices in select private and public hospitals 4.NGOs towards managing rural development programmes
- 18. Process of examining,evaluating and understanding the previous research work in the chosen research problem Provides a roadmap to research scholar Develops broad ideas of what is already known in the field Helps to know the research work which has been already done in the chosen field of research Tells about what questions are still unanswered (research gaps) Avoids duplication of work Highlights any theories (guess / assumption) that may exist to support developing hypothesis. LITERATURE REVIEW What does it Do?
- 19. Outlines the strategyfor conducting investigation Large number of research proposals and competition Need to convince grant providing agency that investigation will be managed well Need to tell innovative ways and means that a researcher intends to use in research studies Need to justify scientifically the logic or reason behind the use of every tool / techniques / experiment / chemicals Need to plan out and share the procedure that are used in the investigation METHODOLOGY / METHODS Why are Important in Research
- 20. Sampling design Samplingunit (Who is to be surveyed) Sample size (How many people should be surveyed) Sampling method (How should the respondents be chosen) Data Source Data collection instrument Contact method Data analytical tool Conceptual framework (defining terms and concepts) METHODOLOGY / METHODS Why are Important in Research
- 21. 9. Significance /implication of the study Should tell how this research benefits others in part or whole Should tell how this research will contribute to theories / body of knowledge 10.Plan of research work A researcher is expected to devise a detailed year wise time bound project execution plan and the same may be included in the research proposal KEY COMPONENTS (CONTINUED)
- 22. 11. Budget /financial assistance required Different heads of expenses TA/DA to research investigator Data processing Stationary and printing Equipment's Books and journals Contingency Field and literature survey Cost need to be estimated as accurately as possible Proposal involving economic cost will be appreciated It is necessary to estimate cost of the research project and include the same in the proposal KEY COMPONENTS (CONTINUED)
- 23. 12.Limitations of thestudy A researcher is expected to mention possible limitations of the study Study depending only on secondary data time constraint In adequate data Lack of time with respondents Limited use of research outputs 13.Competence of researcher KEY COMPONENTS (CONTINUED)
- 24. Funding Agencies Indian Councilof Social Science Research (ICSSR), New Delhi. www.icssr.org Department of Consumer Affairs, Govt. of India, New Delhi (Indian Institute of Public Administration) (Major Projects/Workshops/Seminar)
- 25. Funding Agencies University GrantsCommission (UGC), New Delhi www.ugc.ac.in (Major/Minor Projects/Seminars/Workshops). Indian Institute of Banking and Finance (IIBF), Mumbai. www.iibf.org.in The South Asian Network for Development and Environment Economics (SANDEE), Kathmandu www.sandeeonline.org
- 26. Funding Agencies Department ofForeign Affairs, Canada (Shastri Indo-Canadian Institute, New Delhi). www.sici.org Social Science Research Council, New York.
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