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![PNEUMOPERITONEUM
Perforated duodenal ulcer .
Perforated peptic ulcer
Bowel obstruction
Ruptured diverticulum
Penetrating trauma
Ruptured inflammatory bowel disease
Necrotising enterocolitis/pneumatosis
coli[1]
Bowel cancer
After laparotomy
After laparoscopy
Breakdown of a surgical anastomosis
Bowel injury after endoscopy
Peritoneal dialysis ]
Vaginal insufflation -water-skiing,oral sex
Colonic or peritoneal infection
From chest (e.g., bronchopleural fistula)
Non-invasive](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/xrays-181206142307/75/X-rays-in-pediatrics-14-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byVirendra Hindustani
X rays in pediatrics
The document discusses the use and interpretation of chest X-rays in pediatrics, highlighting various conditions like cardiomegaly, pneumothorax, and active tuberculosis. It details the effects and treatments for fetal hypoxia and infection, along with associated anomalies such as tetralogy of Fallot and transposition of the great arteries. Additionally, it covers radiological findings associated with conditions like scurvy and rickets in children.
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X rays in pediatrics
- 1. X –RAYS INPEDIATRICS Dr. Virendra Kumar Gupta Assistant Professor Department Of Pediatric Gastroentero-hepatology & Liver Transplantation NIMS Medical College & Hospital , Jaipur
- 2.
- 3. TRACHEA • Pushing oftrachea large pleural effusion tension pneumothorax • Pulling of trachea consolidation with lobar collapse
- 4. Pleural Effusion ConsolidationWith Lobar Collapse
- 5.
- 6. TENSION- PNEUMOTHOREX One-way valveand not allow the air to exit Treatment Needle Decompression
- 7. Cardiothoracic ratio CardiomegalyCauses •Heart Valve Disease •Cardiomyopathy (disease of the heart muscle) •Pulmonary Hypertension •Pericardial Effusion (fluid around the heart) •Thyroid Disorders •Hemochromatosis (excessive iron in the blood) •Other rare diseases like Amyloidosis •Viral infection of the heart •Kidney disease requiring dialysis •HIV infection •Diabetes •Alcohol or cocaine abuse Cardiomegaly = CT ratio>50%
- 8.
- 9. 1.Infiltrate or consolidation- Opacification of airspaces within the lung parenchyma Chest x-ray of Ghon's complex of active tuberculosis 2. Any cavitary lesion 3. Nodule with poorly defined margins 4. Pleural effusion 5. Hilar or mediastinal lymphadenopathy (bihilar lymphadenopathy) with or without associated atelectasis or consolidation. 6. Linear, interstitial disease (in children only) 7. Other - Miliary TB. Miliary findings are nodules of millet size (1 to 2 millimeters) distributed throughout the parenchyma TUBERCULOSIS
- 11. Tetralogy of Fallot Boot-ShapedHeart with an Upturned cardiac apex Due to Right ventricular hypertrophy and Concave pulmonary arterial segment Components 1.Pulmonary valve stenosis 2.Ventricular septal defect 3.Overriding aorta 4.Right ventricular hypertrophy.
- 12. MAS Extent oflung epithelial damage in response to meconium Pathophysiology Airway Obstruction Foetal Hypoxia Infection Pulmonary Inflammation Surfactant Inactivation PPHN Apoptosis Treatment Assisted Ventilation Techniques Inhaled Nitric Oxide Anti-Inflammatories Glucocorticoids Inhibitors of Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase Antibiotics Surfactant Treatment Previous Treatments
- 13. Transposition of theGreat Arteries oval/egg-shaped cardiac .the classic “egg on a string” appearance
- 14. PNEUMOPERITONEUM Perforated duodenal ulcer. Perforated peptic ulcer Bowel obstruction Ruptured diverticulum Penetrating trauma Ruptured inflammatory bowel disease Necrotising enterocolitis/pneumatosis coli[1] Bowel cancer After laparotomy After laparoscopy Breakdown of a surgical anastomosis Bowel injury after endoscopy Peritoneal dialysis ] Vaginal insufflation -water-skiing,oral sex Colonic or peritoneal infection From chest (e.g., bronchopleural fistula) Non-invasive
- 16. SCURVY • Generalised osteopenia •cortical thinning: “pencil-point” cortex • Periosteal reaction due to subperiosteal haemorrhage • scorbutic rosary: expansion of the costochondral junctionsmay relate to the fracturing of the zone of provisional calcification during normal respiration • similar to the rachitic rosary appearance as seen in rickets • Haemarthrosis • Wimberger ring sign: circular, opaque radiologic shadow surrounding epiphyseal centres of ossification, which may result from bleeding • Frankel line: dense zone of provisional calcification • Trümmerfeld zone: lucent metaphyseal band underlying Frankel line • Pelken spur: metaphyseal spurs which result in cupping of the metaphysis
- 17. RICKETS • Demineralization with coarseningof the trabecular pattern • widening of the epiphysis • metaphyseal fraying, cupping and irregularity at the physeal margin • Deformity (i.e. bowing) • flared anterior ribs