Yadu computer internals final-2
- 2. What is a Computer ? A ‘compute’-r is a device which ‘compute’-s to compute = to calculate, to make sense
- 3. Parts of a Computer There is no such particular part known as the ‘computer’ The ‘computer’ is a collection of many parts working together The computer is divided into two categories – mainly known as ‘hardware’ and ‘software’
- 4. Hardware & Software The physical parts of a computer which you can see and touch are collectively called the ‘hardware’ E.g. keyboard, cd-rom drive The programs or instructions sent to the hardware are called the ‘software’ E.g. Microsoft Word, Internet Explorer
- 6. Functions of the hardware The computer hardware can again be divided into ‘input’ and ‘output’ devices An Input device feeds data into the computer E.g. keyboard, mouse, scanner An Output device displays or receives data from the computer E.g. monitor, printer
- 7. INPUT – process - OUTPUT Any activity on a computer is an input - process - output sequence E.g. Sugarcane >>>> Factory >>>> Sugar Question (input) add 5 + 2 ------------------------------------------process----- ----------------------------------------------Answer (output) = 7
- 8. Data & Instructions A computer requires data and instructions to work on. E.g. to print the name and address of a person, the following data has to be provided: Name of Person, Address of Person the instruction given to the computer will be: Print name and address of Person Input – name and address -process of reading data- Output – Printout of name and address
- 9. System Unit The system unit is the main part of a computer All other parts of the computer connect to the system unit using cables
- 10. Parts of the System Unit CPU The CPU is the Central Processing Unit of the computer It is also known as the ‘processor’ in the computer The CPU is the ‘brain’ of the computer which computes calculations and instructions received from the RAM
- 11. Central Processing Unit CPU is divided into 2 parts Control – it manages the complete processing activities Arithmetic & Logical Unit (ALU) – does all the arithmetical and logical calculations
- 12. Parts of the System Unit Memory All data or input instructions must be first stored into the memory to be processed by the CPU The types of Memory are: e) Primary (internal) Memory f) Secondary (external) Memory
- 13. Memory is also referred as Storage Primary (internal) Storage ROM – Read Only memory Contains permanent computer information. It cannot be used for storing data. Data in ROM Memory does not get lost even if the computer is switched off. RAM – Random Access Memory Contains temporary data. The contents inside RAM get erased as soon as the computer is switched off.
- 14. Secondary (external) storage Internal Storage (ROM & RAM) is always limited. In everyday computer use, all programs or data cannot be stored permanently stored into internal memory. To store data permanently, external memory is used. E.g. tape disc, hard drive, pen drive, floppy, CD, DVD
- 15. Types of Storage Each computer has one or more Disk Drives. Disk drives – or disks - are devices which store information on a metal or plastic disk. The disk preserves the information even when your computer is turned off.
- 16. Types of Storage Hard Disk The hard disk is a large capacity disk which is normally located inside the system unit. On the inside, it is a stack of platters with a magnetic surface. Because a hard disk can store huge amounts of data and information, it usually serves as your computer’s main data storage.
- 17. Types of Storage Floppy Disk Floppies or diskettes, are less popular than they used to be. They store very little information compared to CD’s or DVD’s and are easily damaged in daily use. The inside is a thin flexible material whereas the outside is hard plastic.
- 18. Types of Storage CD or DVD disk CD – Compact disk DVD – Digital Versatile Disk CDROM – Compact disk Read only Memory It’s main use is for loading new programs onto the hard disk. A CD Drive uses lasers to read information from a CD or to write information onto a CD. A DVD is similar to a CD but has larger capacity compared to the CD.
- 19. Assignments Give one example of the input-process- output activity Describe the uses of a Pen Drive. How is it different from the other disks – hard disk, floppy disk and CD ?
- 20. Parts of the System Unit Motherboard The motherboard is the primary circuit board in the computer. Its function is to provide electrical and logical connections for all the components of the computer to communicate with each other.
- 21. Motherboard Motherboard or Mainboard include the following: Socket for connecting the CPU Slots for connecting the RAM Slots for ‘expansion cards’ Power connector Connectors for input & output devices
- 22. Parts of the System Unit Expansion cards or expansion boards are small circuit boards that can be connected onto the motherboard. Expansion cards can consist of graphic cards, sound cards, network cards or any other internal or external connectivity.
- 23. Parts of the System Unit Power Supply It’s function is to power up the computer. It provides power to the motherboard, hard disk, cd-rom drive, floppy drive and any other component that requires power within the System Unit.
- 24. Parts of the System Unit A CD-ROM or DVD-ROM Drive is used for reading data from a CD or DVD disk. A CD-RW (re-writeable) or DVD-RW drive is used for writing data to a blank CD or DVD disk. A floppy drive is used for reading or writing data onto a floppy disk. All drives contain mechanical parts and require power for a read-write operation.
- 25. Types of Computers Super Computers Super Computers are most powerful computers. They can process huge amounts of data very quickly. Mainframe Computers Mainframe computers are less powerful than super computers. They can handle several amounts of input, output and storage.
- 26. Types of Computers Workstations and Server Computers A server computer or server, is basically intended to run for an extended time, under heavy workload and is often unattended by users. Servers contain faster or more processors, more RAM and more or larger hard disks compared to the desktop computer.
- 27. Types of Computers Personal Computers or PC They are smaller computers normally found at home, office or classroom. PC is more widespread because of it’s size and affordable price. The laptop is also a personal computer which is just smaller in size. PDA or Handheld Computers Personal Digital Assistants are also called pocket computers which can fit into the pocket and are used for emailing, word processing, video recording, etc.
- 28. Assignments Bring any one part of the system unit from home and provide a brief description for it. Describe the different types of computer monitors that we have at school. Describe the different types of computer printers that we have at school.