KInematic of Machine(Mechanical Engineering)

Name : Surendrasing B. Bhil
Branch : Mechanical
Div. : M
En. No : 140170119002
Subject : Kinetics of Machines

KINEMATICS
• It is that branch of theory of machine which
deals with relative motion between the
various parts of machines.
• Kinematics describes the motion of points ,
bodies without consideration of the causes of
motion.

DYNAMICS
• It is that branch of theory of machine which
deals with the force and their effects, while
acting upon the machine part in motion.

MACHINE
• It is a device which recevies energy in some
avilable form and utilizes it to some particular
work.
• A machine is a tool containing one or more
parts that uses energy to perform an intened
Action.

MECHANISM
• It is a device designed to transform input
forces and movement into desired set of
output forces and movement.
• EXM: 1.Gear and gear trains
• 2.Belt and chain drive
• 3.Cam and followers
• 4.Breaks and clutches

MECHANISM
• TYPES
• 1.Planar mechanism
• 2.Spatial mechanism
• Planar mechanism: it is a mechanism in which all
of the relative motion of the rigid bodies are in
one plane or in parallel plane.
• It is a mechanical system that is constrained so the
trajectories of stomachs in all the bodies of the
system lie on aeroplanes parallel to a ground
plane.

SPATIAL MECHANISM
• All the relative motion of the rigid bodies are
not in a same plane or in different planes.
• It is mechanical system that has at least one
body that moves in a way that its point
trajectories are general space curves.

Kinematic pair
• The two link or element of a machine, when in contact with
each other, are said to form a pair.If relative motion between
then is completely or succefully contrained, the pair is knows
as kinematic pair.
Classification of kinematic pair

1. sliding pair : when two elements of pair are
connected in such a way that one can only slide
relative to the other, pair is knows as slidind pair
The type of ralative motion between elements.

2. Turning pair : when the two elements of pair are connect
in such a way that one can only turn or revolve ablout a fixed axis of
another link,the pair is known as turning pair
Example is a shaft with collars in a circular hole.
3. Rolling pair :when the two element of pair are
connect in such a way that one rolls over another fixed
link, the pair is known as rolling pair

4. Screw pair: when the teo element of pair are
connected in such a way that one element turn about the
other by screw threads, the pair is known as screw pair
5. Spherical pair: when the two elements of pair are
connected in such a way that one element turn or swivels
about the other fixed element,the pair formed is called a
spherical pair

Contact between the elements
• 1. Lower Pair: A kinematic pair is said to be a lower
pair if the links in the pair have surface or area contact
between them.
2. Higher Pair:A higher
pair is a kinematipair in
which the links have
point or line contact.
Ball bearings, cam and
follower are examples of
higher pair

The type of closure
• 1. Self Closed Pair: A pair is said to be self closed
if the links in the pair have direct mechanical
contact, even without the application of external
force.
• 2. Force Closed Pair: A kinematic pair is said to be
force closed if the links in the pair are kept in
contact by the application of external forces. A
good example of this type of pair is ball and roller
bearings.

Kinetic chain
-> When the kinematic pairs are couple such a
way that last link is joined to the first link to
transmit definite motion, it is called a kinematic
chain
Types of joint in chain
1. Binary joint
2. Ternary joint
3. Quaternary joint

Type of kinematic chain
(i) Four bar chain or quadric cycle chain: That the
kinematic chain is a combination of four or more kinematic
pairs, such that the relative motion between the links or
elements is completely constrained.
(ii) Single slider crank chain: A single slider crank
chain is a modification of the basic four bar chain. It consist
of one sliding pair and three turning pairs. It is,usually,
found in reciprocating steam engine mechanism.

(iii) Double slider crank chain: A kinematic chain
which consists of two turning pairs and two
sliding pair pairs is knows as double slider crank
chain

Kinemetic Diagram
And
Kinemetic Inversion--

What is Kinemetics ?
• It is that branch of Theory of Machines which
deals with the relative motion between the
various
parts of the machines

What is KINEMATICS DIAGRAM
• IT IS GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF
DISPLACEMENT,VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION
WITH RESPECT TO TIME

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF
DISPLACEMENT W.R.T. TIME
• When the body moves with uniform velocity,
EQUAL distance are covered in EQUAL
INTERVAL OF TIME.

--• When body moves with variable
velocity,Unequal distance are covered in
EQUAL interval of TIME

VELOCITY W.R.T. TIME
• When body moves with zero
acceleration,then body is said to move with a
uniform velocity

--• When the body moves with constant
acceleration, the body is said to move with
variable velocity

ACCELERATION W.R.T. TIME
• When the body moves with uniform
acceleration

-
• When the body moves with variable
acceleration

Kinematic inversion
• Different mechanisms obtained by fixing
different links of a kinematic chain are known
as its inversion.
• A slider-crank chain has the following
inversion

First inversion
• This inversion is obtained
when link 1 is fixed and link
2 &4 are made the crank and
Slider respectively

Second inversion
• Fixing of link 2 of a slider-crank chain results in
the second inversion

KInematic of Machine(Mechanical Engineering)

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