Being Dangerous with Twig
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This document is a comprehensive guide on using Twig, a PHP templating engine that emphasizes best practices such as true inheritance, secure output escaping, and concise syntax. It outlines Twig's core functionalities, including its simple tagging system, expressions, and extensibility through custom filters and functions, while also addressing its advantages over traditional PHP templating. The guide encourages engagement with the Twig community and provides resources for further learning.
![being dangerous with Twig
A 5-step guide to using Twig – the fast, secure and
extensible PHP templating engine – to create clean
template code, leverage powerful filters, make your designers
write you love letters, write template functions that don't clog up your
global PHP namespace, take advantage of true template inheritance, hang out with
Django programmers and be able to talk template syntax, enjoy true and non- invasive
output escaping, have more time for your family, control whitespace, add global
variables to all templates, stop lying when you try to tell yourself that <?php echo looks better than a
simple {{, use the fancy for-else control, Rock some macros – little reusable code functions, do awesome stuff like “{% if i is divisibleby 2 %}”,
mediate in the simplicity of your templates and drink more green tea, sandbox your template and whitelist capabilities – allowing Twig to be used in a CMS,
take advantage of the fact that all templates compile to PHP classes that can extend a base class of your choosing, impress your friends by changing the print tag from
{{ var }} to [all-your-base] var [are-belong-to-us], confuse the guy next to you by changing “is” and “is not” to mean the opposite things and convince him that he's misunderstood
how logical expressions are used in programming languages all along, create a custom tag that takes the body of its block and tweets it,
write templates the expresses presentation and not program logic.
Ryan Weaver
Symfony Live 2011](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/twig-sflive-sanfran-2011-110209140501-phpapp02/85/Being-Dangerous-with-Twig-2-320.jpg)
![arrays and hashes
» arrays use [], hashes use {}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/twig-sflive-sanfran-2011-110209140501-phpapp02/85/Being-Dangerous-with-Twig-35-320.jpg)
![thank you
Ryan Weaver
iostudio
@weaverryan
www.thatsquality.com
ryan [at] thatsquality.com
reach out to me – i'd love to hear from you!
comments, feedback, questions
http://joind.in/talk/view/2601](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/twig-sflive-sanfran-2011-110209140501-phpapp02/85/Being-Dangerous-with-Twig-72-320.jpg)
Being Dangerous with Twig
- 1. Symfony Live 2011 being dangerous with Twig a short story by Ryan Weaver February 9, 2011
- 2. being dangerous with Twig A 5-step guide to using Twig – the fast, secure and extensible PHP templating engine – to create clean template code, leverage powerful filters, make your designers write you love letters, write template functions that don't clog up your global PHP namespace, take advantage of true template inheritance, hang out with Django programmers and be able to talk template syntax, enjoy true and non- invasive output escaping, have more time for your family, control whitespace, add global variables to all templates, stop lying when you try to tell yourself that <?php echo looks better than a simple {{, use the fancy for-else control, Rock some macros – little reusable code functions, do awesome stuff like “{% if i is divisibleby 2 %}”, mediate in the simplicity of your templates and drink more green tea, sandbox your template and whitelist capabilities – allowing Twig to be used in a CMS, take advantage of the fact that all templates compile to PHP classes that can extend a base class of your choosing, impress your friends by changing the print tag from {{ var }} to [all-your-base] var [are-belong-to-us], confuse the guy next to you by changing “is” and “is not” to mean the opposite things and convince him that he's misunderstood how logical expressions are used in programming languages all along, create a custom tag that takes the body of its block and tweets it, write templates the expresses presentation and not program logic. Ryan Weaver Symfony Live 2011
- 3. @weaverryan » symfony » documentation » collaboration » the lovely @leannapelham
- 4. iostudio: flying the symfony flag ● Advertising & Integrated Marketing Solutions • coming to you from » Nashville, TN » Washington, D.C. • 150 employees • and we're hiring!
- 5. act 1 Why Twig?
- 6. because template engines are awesome
- 8. Template engines A template engine allows you to render a presentation (HTML, XML, etc) via a template in a controlled environment It should allow special functionality that makes creating templates easier (helpers, template inheritance, etc)
- 9. a template engine is a tool
- 10. why not just render PHP templates?
- 11. PHP templating woes » rendering template files is a hack: an include statement with output-buffering control » no or faked template inheritance » no isolation: PHP templates suck in any global variables or functions available
- 12. we need the brevity of templates with the isolation of object-oriented programming
- 13. so give me some Twiggy pudding Twig is: Twig offers: » fast » true inheritance » flexible » real output escaping » concise » tons of filters » secure » custom tags » fully-featured » great documentation » Extensible » global variables » designer-friendly » the “for-else” control http://www.twig-project.org
- 14. Twig is concise and each template compiles to an actual PHP object
- 19. a moment of templating zen
- 20. “The template system is meant to express presentation, not program logic.” - Django documentation
- 21. Twig can easily be used anywhere
- 23. act 2 Twig's simple life
- 24. Twig's three tags Twig parses just three simple tags: » comment tag » print tag » block tag
- 25. a. do nothing (comment tags) {# comment #} » totally ignored when rendered
- 26. b. say something (print tags) {{ 'print me!' }} » prints the given expression » think “<?php echo” » If you're ultimately printing something, use this tag
- 27. c. do something (block tags) {% set foo = 'inside a block tag' %} » used mostly for control-flow statements like if, for, include and block » can have beginning and end tags » if you're *doing* something and not *printing* something, use this tag
- 28. Twig's three tags » do nothing: {# comment tag #} » say something: {{ print tag }} » do something: {% block tag %} it's just that simple
- 29. act 3 Everything is an expression
- 30. expressions: Twig guts » like PHP, most everything inside a tag is an expression » expressions are the most interesting and flexible part of Twig
- 31. Expressions Block names Block-specific tokens
- 32. an expression can consist of many different things
- 33. strings, variables, arrays, functions, filters, tests, subscripts...
- 34. strings, numbers and variables » like any language, strings, numbers and variables are commonplace
- 35. arrays and hashes » arrays use [], hashes use {}
- 36. operators » twig has operators just like PHP, but extensible and with some extras
- 37. filters » a filter always follows a pipe (|) and modifies the value that precedes it » a filter may or may not take arguments
- 38. functions » just like PHP, returns a value based on some input
- 39. twig expresses himself » strings, numbers and variables » arrays and hashes » operators » filters » functions hey – it's simple like PHP, but flexible...
- 40. act 4 twig on the battlefield
- 41. the test... » a template that displays a list of “widgets” in odd-even rows » render tags and other info about each widget » create basic, clean pagination
- 43. Let's clean things up
- 44. filter to title-case the widget name filters to strip tags and shorten the widget's description
- 45. your presenter is lying to you... » the “truncate” filter isn't part of Twig, but is available via a repository of extensions » Everything in Twig is loaded via an Extension (even the core stuff) » Extensions are easy to use and create – we'll prove it later * https://github.com/fabpot/Twig-extensions
- 46. odd/even classes like a boss
- 47. Twig function cycles through the given array items Special variable available inside all “for” loops. The “loop” variable knows other tricks like “loop.last” and “loop.revindex”
- 49. apply the date filter chain filters to turn a list of tags into a comma-separated list
- 51. even management knows what this does
- 52. pagination?
- 53. function returns a positive radius of numbers around the center (e.g. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) the awesome loop variable tells us when we're in the last iteration
- 54. the audacity: your speaker just lied again » but.... the “radius” function doesn't actually exist in Twig. but since it's pretty handy, let's create it!
- 55. act 5 Twig extensions
- 56. Twig extensions everything in Twig is loaded by an “Extension” class: » filters » functions » operators » tests (e.g. divisbleby) » custom tags Extensions are EASY!
- 57. step 1: create a class that extends Twig_Extension
- 58. step 2: tell Twig about the extension
- 59. step 2: tell Twig about the extension (Symfony2) * don't forget to import this file from your application's configuration (i.e. app/config/config.yml)
- 60. step 3: add some guts to the extension class
- 61. step 4: Celebrate!!! * buy a round of drinks * watch the sun set * kiss that cute girl at the coffee shop
- 62. I want more! ok great – do some reading! » http://www.twig-project.org/doc/advanced.html » http://www.twig-project.org/doc/extensions.html seriously – the Twig docs are quite excellent
- 63. act 6 after-dinner mint mmm
- 64. screw with the Twig syntax » because Twig is totally sandboxed (i.e. you control exactly what can and cannot be done inside a template, Twig is a perfect fit for a CMS. » and if Twig's syntax scares your clients... change it!
- 66. cool, what about debugging? a debug tag ships with the twig-extensions
- 67. the “debug” extension is available for you in Symfony2 - just enable it
- 68. prints every variable available prints the foo variable
- 69. but we've only just scratched the surface
- 70. there's much much more » inheritance name can be: * an item on an array * property on an object » macros (reusable code bits) * getName() » subscripts or you can force it to *just* fetch “name” as an array item
- 71. Twig, he's a people-person » Twig's loves contributions, so *get involved*! » https://github.com/fabpot/twig » https://github.com/fabpot/twig-extensions » http://groups.google.com/group/twig-users
- 72. thank you Ryan Weaver iostudio @weaverryan www.thatsquality.com ryan [at] thatsquality.com reach out to me – i'd love to hear from you! comments, feedback, questions http://joind.in/talk/view/2601