FFmpeg源代码：avformat_new_stream

avformat_new_stream接口声明位于ffmpeg/libavformat/avformat.h 中，主要功能为在AVFormatContext 中创建 Stream 通道

/**
 * Add a new stream to a media file.
 *
 * When demuxing, it is called by the demuxer in read_header(). If the
 * flag AVFMTCTX_NOHEADER is set in s.ctx_flags, then it may also
 * be called in read_packet().
 *
 * When muxing, should be called by the user before avformat_write_header().
 *
 * User is required to call avcodec_close() and avformat_free_context() to
 * clean up the allocation by avformat_new_stream().
 *
 * @param s media file handle
 * @param c If non-NULL, the AVCodecContext corresponding to the new stream
 * will be initialized to use this codec. This is needed for e.g. codec-specific
 * defaults to be set, so codec should be provided if it is known.
 *
 * @return newly created stream or NULL on error.
 */
AVStream *avformat_new_stream(AVFormatContext *s, const AVCodec *c);

 与该接口相关的结构体

AVFormatContext ：

    unsigned int nb_streams;    记录stream通道数目。

    AVStream **streams;    存储stream通道。

AVStream ：

    int index;   在AVFormatContext 中所处的通道索引

avformat_new_stream接口实现位于ffmpeg/libavformat/utils.c 中

AVStream *avformat_new_stream(AVFormatContext *s, const AVCodec *c)
{
    AVStream *st;
    int i;
    AVStream **streams;

    //创建avstream
    if (s->nb_streams >= FFMIN(s->max_streams, INT_MAX/sizeof(*streams))) {
        if (s->max_streams < INT_MAX/sizeof(*streams))
            av_log(s, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Number of streams exceeds max_streams parameter (%d), see the documentation if you wish to increase it\n", s->max_streams);
        return NULL;
    }
    streams = av_realloc_array(s->streams, s->nb_streams + 1, sizeof(*streams));
    if (!streams)
        return NULL;
    s->streams = streams;

    st = av_mallocz(sizeof(AVStream));
    if (!st)
        return NULL;
    if (!(st->info = av_mallocz(sizeof(*st->info)))) {
        av_free(st);
        return NULL;
    }
    st->info->last_dts = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;

//ffmpeg 3.1.4版本codec 已经废除了
#if FF_API_LAVF_AVCTX
FF_DISABLE_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS
    st->codec = avcodec_alloc_context3(c);
    if (!st->codec) {
        av_free(st->info);
        av_free(st);
        return NULL;
    }
FF_ENABLE_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS
#endif

    st->internal = av_mallocz(sizeof(*st->internal));
    if (!st->internal)
        goto fail;

    ////通道记录的流的编码参数的默认设置
	//注: AVCodecParameters codecpar 替换原先的CodecContext codec
    st->codecpar = avcodec_parameters_alloc();
    if (!st->codecpar)
        goto fail;

    st->internal->avctx = avcodec_alloc_context3(NULL);
    if (!st->internal->avctx)
        goto fail;

    if (s->iformat) {
#if FF_API_LAVF_AVCTX
FF_DISABLE_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS
        /* no default bitrate if decoding */
        st->codec->bit_rate = 0;
FF_ENABLE_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS
#endif

        /* default pts setting is MPEG-like */
        avpriv_set_pts_info(st, 33, 1, 90000);
        /* we set the current DTS to 0 so that formats without any timestamps
         * but durations get some timestamps, formats with some unknown
         * timestamps have their first few packets buffered and the
         * timestamps corrected before they are returned to the user */
        st->cur_dts = RELATIVE_TS_BASE;
    } else {
        st->cur_dts = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
    }

    st->index      = s->nb_streams;
    st->start_time = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
    st->duration   = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
    st->first_dts     = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
    st->probe_packets = s->max_probe_packets;
    st->pts_wrap_reference = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
    st->pts_wrap_behavior = AV_PTS_WRAP_IGNORE;

    st->last_IP_pts = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
    st->last_dts_for_order_check = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
    for (i = 0; i < MAX_REORDER_DELAY + 1; i++)
        st->pts_buffer[i] = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;

    st->sample_aspect_ratio = (AVRational) { 0, 1 };

#if FF_API_R_FRAME_RATE
    st->info->last_dts      = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
#endif
    st->info->fps_first_dts = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
    st->info->fps_last_dts  = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;

    st->inject_global_side_data = s->internal->inject_global_side_data;

    st->internal->need_context_update = 1;

    s->streams[s->nb_streams++] = st;
    return st;
fail:
    free_stream(&st);
    return NULL;
}