greenplum安装详细过程

最新推荐文章于 2025-05-26 11:31:30 发布

YvesHe

最新推荐文章于 2025-05-26 11:31:30 发布

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原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/liuyungao/p/5689588.html

本文详细介绍Greenplum数据库在四台服务器上的部署过程，包括系统参数配置、GP安装、初始化及附加操作如standby和mirror设置等关键步骤。

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今天又帮其他项目装了一遍GP，加上之前的两次，这是第三次了，虽然每次都有记录，但这次安装还是发现漏写了一些步骤，在此详细记录一下，需要的童鞋可以借鉴。

1、准备

这里准备了4台服务器，1台做master，1台做standby，4台都做存储，为了保密真实的IP地址和主机名都换成“艺名”了。

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OS:Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.4 (Santiago)
GP:greenplum-db-4.3.6.2-build-1-RHEL5-x86_64.zip
JDK:1.7+

192.168.1.100　　bj-gp-node1(segment master)
192.168.1.101　　bj-gp-node2(segment standby)
192.168.1.102　　bj-gp-node3(segment)
192.168.1.103　　bj-gp-node4(segment)
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greenplum官网下载地址：http://gpn.greenplum.com/download.php （注：需要注册后才能下载）

2、系统参数配置

系统参数配置的修改需要在每个节点服务器上执行

2.1.修改Linux内核参数

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[root@bj-gp-node1 ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

Kernel sysctl configuration file for Red Hat Linux

For binary values, 0 is disabled, 1 is enabled. See sysctl(8) and

sysctl.conf(5) for more details.

Use ‘/sbin/sysctl -a’ to list all possible parameters.

Controls IP packet forwarding

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0

Controls source route verification

net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1

Do not accept source routing

net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0

Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel

kernel.sysrq = 1

Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename.

Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications.

kernel.core_uses_pid = 1

Controls the use of TCP syncookies

net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1

Disable netfilter on bridges

#net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 0
#net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 0
#net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 0

Controls the default maxmimum size of a mesage queue

kernel.msgmnb = 65536

Controls the maximum size of a message, in bytes

kernel.msgmax = 65536
kernel.msgmni = 2048

kernel.sem = 250 512000 100 2048

Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes

#kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmmax = 500000000
kernel.shmmni = 4096

Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages

#kernel.shmall = 4294967296
kernel.shmall = 4000000000

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle=1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog=4096
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1025 65535
net.core.netdev_max_backlog=10000
vm.overcommit_memory=2
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_filter = 1
net.core.rmem_max = 2097152
net.core.wmem_max = 2097152
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2.2.修改Linux最大限制

[root@bj-gp-node1 ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
#greenplum configs

soft nofile 65536
hard nofile 65536
soft nproc 131072
hard nproc 131072

2.3.I/O调整优化

[root@bj-gp-node1 ~]# vi /boot/grub/menu.lst
#greenplum configs
elevator=deadline

2.4.添加所有节点到HOST

[root@bj-gp-node1 ~]# vi /etc/hosts
192.168.1.100　　bj-gp-node1
192.168.1.101　　bj-gp-node2
192.168.1.102　　bj-gp-node3
192.168.1.103　　bj-gp-node4

2.5.关闭防火墙

[root@bj-gp-node1 ~]# chkconfig --list iptables
[root@bj-gp-node1 ~]# chkconfig --level 0123456 iptables off

2.6.设置SELINUX

[root@bj-gp-node1 ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled

2.7.重启系统使配置生效

[root@bj-gp-node1 ~]# reboot

3、GP安装

GP的安装操作都是在主节点master上执行的

3.1.创建gpadmin用户

[root@bj-gp-node1 ~]# useradd gpadmin
[root@bj-gp-node1 ~]# passwd gpadmin

3.2.设置gpadmin用户环境

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[gpadmin@bj-gp-node1 ~]$ cd /home/gpadmin
[gpadmin@bj-gp-node1 ~]$ vi .bashrc
[gpadmin@bj-gp-node1 ~]$ vi .bash_profile

.bashrc和.bash_profile最后都添加下面两行
source /usr/local/greenplum-db/greenplum_path.sh
export MASTER_DATA_DIRECTORY=/data1/gpdata/master/gpseg-1
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设置完后记得source一下使其立即生效

3.3.上传并解压安装包

将greenplum-db-4.3.6.2-build-1-RHEL5-x86_64.zip上传至master的/opt/目录下

[root@bj-gp-node1 opt]# /bin/bash greenplum-db-4.3.6.2-build-1-RHEL5-x86_64.bin
按提示输入回车或yes 这一步会将安装包解压到/usr/local/下，并建立软连接greenplum-db

3.4.准备节点服务器信息文件

后面的批量安装会用到这两个文件，如果all_host和all_segment内容一样，可以只创建一个文件

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[root@bj-gp-node1 opt]# mkdir -p /opt/gpinit/
[root@bj-gp-node1 gpinit]# touch all_host
[root@bj-gp-node1 gpinit]# touch all_segment
all_host和all_segment内容：
bj-gp-node1
bj-gp-node2
bj-gp-node3
bj-gp-node4
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3.5.建立节点服务器间的信任

[root@bj-gp-node1 local]# gpssh-exkeys -f /opt/gpinit/all_host
按照提示输入root密码，记住这一步不能输入gpadmin的密码，因为批量安装时需要在/usr/local下创建目录，需要root权限

3.6.批量安装

[root@bj-gp-node1 local]# gpseginstall -f /opt/gpinit/all_host -u gpadmin -p gpadmin
这一步其实就是将master上的greenplum打包通过scp命令传到all_host中的主机上，并赋予目录gpadmin的权限

3.7.检查批量安装情况

[root@bj-gp-node1 local]# gpssh -f /opt/gpinit/all_host -e ls -l $GPHOME
返回结果中各节点目录一致则成功

3.8.创建存储目录

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master
[root@bj-gp-node1 local]# mkdir -p /data1/gpdata/master
[root@bj-gp-node1 local]# chown gpadmin:gpadmin /data1/gpdata/master

segment
[root@bj-gp-node1 local]# gpssh -f /opt/gpinit/all_host -e ‘mkdir -p /data1/gpdata/primary’
[root@bj-gp-node1 local]# gpssh -f /opt/gpinit/all_host -e ‘chown gpadmin:gpadmin /data1/gpdata/primary’

mirror
[root@bj-gp-node1 local]# gpssh -f /opt/gpinit/all_segment -e ‘mkdir -p /data1/gpdata/mirror’
[root@bj-gp-node1 local]# gpssh -f /opt/gpinit/all_segment -e ‘chown gpadmin:gpadmin /data1/gpdata/mirror’

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3.9.设置时钟同步

vi /etc/ntp.conf 在server第一行添加下面两行
server 192.168.1.1
server 192.168.1.2
重启ntpd服务 /etc/init.d/ntpd restart
查看ntp同步情况 ntpq -p
使ntpd服务重启服务器后也启动 chkconfig --level 0123456 ntpd on

3.10.创建GP初始化文件

[gpadmin@bj-gp-node1 ~]$ mkdir /home/gpadmin/gpconfigs
[gpadmin@bj-gp-node1 ~]$ cp /usr/local/greenplum-db/docs/cli_help/gpconfigs/gpinitsystem_config /home/gpadmin/gpconfigs/gpinitsystem_config
[gpadmin@tj-soc-c04-csfb1 gpconfigs]$ chmod 775 gpinitsystem_config

3.10修改GP初始化文件

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[gpadmin@bj-gp-node1 gpconfigs]$ vi gpinitsystem_config

FILE NAME: gpinitsystem_config

Configuration file needed by the gpinitsystem

################################################

REQUIRED PARAMETERS

################################################

Name of this Greenplum system enclosed in quotes.

ARRAY_NAME=“BJ Greenplum DW”

Naming convention for utility-generated data directories.

SEG_PREFIX=gpseg

Base number by which primary segment port numbers

are calculated.

PORT_BASE=40000

File system location(s) where primary segment data directories

will be created. The number of locations in the list dictate

the number of primary segments that will get created per

physical host (if multiple addresses for a host are listed in

the hostfile, the number of segments will be spread evenly across

the specified interface addresses).

declare -a DATA_DIRECTORY=(/data1/gpdata/primary /data1/gpdata/primary)

OS-configured hostname or IP address of the master host.

MASTER_HOSTNAME=bj-gp-node1

File system location where the master data directory

will be created.

MASTER_DIRECTORY=/data1/gpdata/master

Port number for the master instance.

MASTER_PORT=5432

Shell utility used to connect to remote hosts.

TRUSTED_SHELL=ssh

Maximum log file segments between automatic WAL checkpoints.

CHECK_POINT_SEGMENTS=8

Default server-side character set encoding.

ENCODING=UNICODE

################################################

OPTIONAL MIRROR PARAMETERS

################################################

Base number by which mirror segment port numbers

are calculated.

MIRROR_PORT_BASE=50000

Base number by which primary file replication port

numbers are calculated.

REPLICATION_PORT_BASE=41000

Base number by which mirror file replication port

numbers are calculated.

MIRROR_REPLICATION_PORT_BASE=51000

File system location(s) where mirror segment data directories

will be created. The number of mirror locations must equal the

number of primary locations as specified in the

DATA_DIRECTORY parameter.

declare -a MIRROR_DATA_DIRECTORY=(/data1/gpdata/mirror /data1/gpdata/mirror)

################################################

OTHER OPTIONAL PARAMETERS

################################################

Create a database of this name after initialization.

DATABASE_NAME=bj_gp

Specify the location of the host address file here instead of

with the the -h option of gpinitsystem.

#MACHINE_LIST_FILE=/home/gpadmin/gpconfigs/hostfile_gpinitsystem

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3.11.初始化GP

[gpadmin@bj-gp-node1 ~]$ gpinitsystem -c /home/gpadmin/gpconfigs/gpinitsystem_config -h /opt/gpinit/all_host
中间需要输入一次：Y

如果没有报ERROR，GP数据库就安装好了。下面讲一些附加操作

4、附加项

4.1增加standby

一个gp集群只有一个master肯定会让人不放心，还好有备用，当master宕掉后，会自动启用standby作为master，下面来看一下standby怎么添加

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在standby服务器上执行
[root@bj-gp-node2 ~]# mkdir /data1/gpdata/master
[root@bj-gp-node2 ~]# chown gpadmin:gpadmin /data1/gpdata/master

在master服务器上执行
[gpadmin@bj-gp-node1 ~]$ gpinitstandby -s bj-gp-node2
中间输入一次Y
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4.2.增加mirror

mirror就是镜像，也叫数据备份。mirror对于数据存储来说很重要，因为我们的服务器指不定什么时候出毛病，有mirror就好很多了，因为两台存储节点同时宕掉的几率还是很小的。如果前面在GP初始化文件里忘记配置mirror了，请按照下面的方法添加

[gpadmin@bj-gp-node1 ~]$ gpaddmirrors -p 1000
运行过程中需要输入两次mirror路径：/data1/gpdata/mirror

4.3.设置访问权限

打开/data1/gpdata/master/gpseg-1/pg_hba.conf 按照最下面的格式添加客户端ip或网段

#user define
host all all 192.168.1.0/24 trust
host all all 127.0.0.1/28 trust

4.4.访问方式

可以通过gpAdmin桌面客户端来访问，也可以用命令行来访问，下面来说一下命令行访问的方式，loach是后面添加的用户

[gpadmin@bj-gp-node1 ~]$ psql -d tj_csfb -h bj-gp-node1 -p 5432 -U gpadmin
[gpadmin@bj-gp-node1 ~]$ psql -d tj_csfb -h bj-gp-node1 -p 5432 -U loach

4.5.创建用户

通过命令行登录以后，执行下面的命令

CREATE ROLE loach WITH LOGIN;
ALTER ROLE loach WITH PASSWORD ‘loach’;