The first Jewish population in the region to be later known as Germany came with the Romans to the city now known as Cologne. A "Golden Age" in the first millennium saw the emergence of the Ashkenazi Jews

Ashkenazi Jews

Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim , are the Jews descended from the medieval Jewish communities along the Rhine in Germany from Alsace in the south to the Rhineland in the north. Ashkenaz is the medieval Hebrew name for this region and thus for Germany...

, while the persecution and expulsion that followed the Crusades led to the creation of Yiddish and an overall shift eastwards. A change of status in the late Renaissance Era, combined with the Jewish Enlightenment the Haskalah

Haskalah

Haskalah , the Jewish Enlightenment, was a movement among European Jews in the 18th–19th centuries that advocated adopting enlightenment values, pressing for better integration into European society, and increasing education in secular studies, Hebrew language, and Jewish history...

, meant that by the 1920s Germany had one of the most integrated Jewish populations in Europe, contributing prominently to German culture and society. The vast majority either left the country or were murdered in the Holocaust

The Holocaust

The Holocaust , also known as the Shoah , was the genocide of approximately six million European Jews and millions of others during World War II, a programme of systematic state-sponsored murder by Nazi...

.

The following is a list of some famous Jewish people (by religion or descent) from Germany proper. Also note that the idea of German nationality

Germans

The Germans are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe. The English term Germans has referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages....

 is rather broad, due to the many Germanic tribes, Jewish assimilation into Germany, and separate German ruled states through the history of Europe. Therefore, the same set of people could at times be referred to as Germans, Jews, or German Jews alike.

Politicians

• Fischel Arnheim, politician^{http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=443&letter=B}
• Ludwig Bamberger
  Ludwig Bamberger
  Ludwig Bamberger was a German economist, politician and writer.-Early life:Bamberger was born in a Jewish family in Mainz.After studying at Gießen, Heidelberg and Göttingen, he entered law.-Career:...
  
  , politician^{http://www.questia.com/library/encyclopedia/bamberger-ludwig.jsp?l=B&p=1}
• Daniel Cohn-Bendit
  Daniel Cohn-Bendit
  Daniel Marc Cohn-Bendit is a Franco-German politician, active in both countries. He was a student leader during the unrest of May 1968 in France and he was also known during that time as Dany le Rouge...
  
  , member of European Parliament, student leader in 1968^{http://www.greens.org/s-r/20/20-06.html}
• Wilhelm Dröscher, SPD politician (half-Jewish)^{http://www.ezania.net/library/articles/hitlersjews/jews_politics_military.htm}
• Kurt Eisner
  Kurt Eisner
  Kurt Eisner was a Bavarian politician and journalist. As a German socialist journalist and statesman, he organized the Socialist Revolution that overthrew the Wittelsbach monarchy in Bavaria in November 1918....
  
  , Bavarian prime minister^{http://www.jbuff.com/c110206.htm}
• Heinrich von Friedberg
  Heinrich von Friedberg
  Heinrich von Friedberg was a German jurist and statesman.Friedberg was born in Märkisch Friedland in Pomerania. He studied law at the University of Berlin, earning his degree in 1836. He was attached to the Kammergericht at Berlin, where he became district attorney in 1848...
  
  , jurist, statesman (converted to Christianity) ^{http://ehr.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/118/475/86.pdf}
• Karl Rudolf Friedenthal
  Karl Rudolf Friedenthal
  Karl Rudolf Friedenthal was a Prussian statesman.Friedenthal was born in Breslau , Prussian Silesia, as a nephew of Markus Bär Friedenthal, the author, and later became a convert to Christianity...
  
  , Prussian politician ^{http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=390&letter=F}
• Clement Freud
  Clement Freud
  Sir Clement Raphael Freud was an English broadcaster, writer, politician and chef.-Early life:Freud was born in Berlin, the son of Jewish parents Ernst Ludwig Freud and Lucie née Brasch. He was the grandson of psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud and the brother of artist Lucian Freud...
  
  , German-born British MP^{http://www.hampsteadtheatre.com/prod-productions_details.asp?pid=35}
• Gregor Gysi
  Gregor Gysi
  Dr. Gregor Gysi is a German attorney and key politician of the socialist left-wing political party The Left . He played an important role in the end of communist rule in East Germany in 1989, and was a main figure in the post-reunification Party of Democratic Socialism...
  
  , leader of the Party of Democratic Socialism and The Left
• Alex Himelfarb
  Alex Himelfarb
  Alexander "Alex" Himelfarb, is a senior Canadian civil servant and academic.Born in Germany, he was raised and educated in Toronto. He received a Ph.D in sociology from University of Toronto. In 1981, he married Frum Himelfarb and they have three children: Jordan, David, and Nomi.He was a...
  
  , ambassador^{http://www.jewishtribune.ca/tribune/PDF/jt060420.pdf}
• Henry Kissinger
  Henry Kissinger
  Heinz Alfred "Henry" Kissinger is a German-born American academic, political scientist, diplomat, and businessman. He is a recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize. He served as National Security Advisor and later concurrently as Secretary of State in the administrations of Presidents Richard Nixon and...
  
  , US Secretary of State, Nobel Prize
  Nobel Peace Prize
  The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel.-Background:According to Nobel's will, the Peace Prize shall be awarded to the person who...
  
   (1973)^{http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Kissinger.html}
• Ludwig Landmann
  Ludwig Landmann
  Dr. Ludwig Landmann was a liberal German politician of the Weimar Republic...
  
  , mayor of Frankfurt/Main^{http://www.history-of-the-holocaust.org/LIBARC/LEXICON/LexEntry/FrankMai.html}
• Eduard Lasker
  Eduard Lasker
  Eduard Lasker was a German politician and jurist.-Biography:He was born at Jarotschin, a village in Posen, being the son of a Jewish tradesman. He attended the gymnasium, and afterwards the University of Breslau...
  
  , co-founder of the National Liberal Party
• Eugen Levine
  Eugen Levine
  Eugen Leviné was a Communist, revolutionary and leader of the short lived Bavarian Soviet Republic.-Background:...
  
  , Bavarian prime minister^{http://www.iamanenglishman.com/page.php?iCategoryId=395&iParentId=392&PHPSESSID=a3c0aeee4ed713c23d80443221d68aae}
• Jutta Oesterle-Schwerin
  Jutta Oesterle-Schwerin
  Jutta Oesterle-Schwerin is a German politician, representative of the Social Democratic Party and later in life of Alliance '90/The Greens. She is the sister of Israeli historian Tom Segev.- Life :...
  
  , Member of parliament, Green party, Feminist party
• Eduard von Simson, President of the Reichstag, President of the Reichsgericht^{http://www.polybiblio.com/americanist/286TB.html}
• Walter Rathenau, Foreign Minister of the Weimar Republic
• Herbert Weichmann
  Herbert Weichmann
  Herbert Weichmann was a German lawyer and politician and First Mayor of Hamburg . In his position as mayor of Hamburg, he served as President of the Bundesrat .-Life:Weichmann was born in Landsberg, Upper Silesia, then part of the German Reich, to a Jewish family of physicians...
  
  , mayor of Hamburg^{http://bucerius.haifa.ac.il/abstracts-migration.doc}
• Jeanette Wolff, West Berlin politician^{http://www.jewishgen.org/databases/Holocaust/0107_Dortmund.html}
• Walter Wolfgang
  Walter Wolfgang
  Walter Jakob Wolfgang is a German-born British socialist and peace activist.He is currently Vice President and Vice Chair of Labourof the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament and a supporter of the Stop the War Coalition...
  
  , German-born politician^{http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/09/29/uwolfgang.xml&sSheet=/portal/2005/09/29/ixportaltop.html}

Activists

• Hedwig Dohm-Schleh
  Hedwig Dohm
  Marianne Adelaide Hedwig Dohm born Schlesinger, later Schleh was a German feminist, and author. She was one of the first feminist thinkers to see gender roles as a result of socialization and not biological determinism.-Family:She was born in Berlin to Jewish parents, as a daughter of Wilhelmine...
  
  , feminist, author^{http://www.pinn.net/~sunshine/whm2003/dohm3.html}
• Nahum Goldmann
  Nahum Goldmann
  Nahum Goldmann was a leading Zionist and the founder and longtime president of the World Jewish Congress.-Biography:...
  
  , president of World Jewish Congress^{http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/goldmann.html}
• Josel of Rosheim
  Josel of Rosheim
  Josel of Rosheim Josel of Rosheim Josel of Rosheim (alternatively: Joselin, Joselmann, Yoselmann, , Joseph ben Gershon mi-Rosheim, or Joseph ben Gershon Loanz; c...
  
  , court Jew & Jewish advocate
• Paul Spiegel
  Paul Spiegel
  Paul Spiegel was leader of the Zentralrat der Juden in Germany and the main spokesman of the German Jews...
  
  , leader of the Zentralrat der Juden^{http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200605/s1627204.htm}

Rabbis

• Immanuel Jakobovits
  Immanuel Jakobovits
  Immanuel Jakobovits, Baron Jakobovits, Kt was the Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth from 1967 to 1991. His successor is the present Chief Rabbi, Jonathan Sacks.-Biography:...
  
  , Chief Rabbi of Great Britain http://www.aojs.org/HaRav.asp

Reform

• Levi Herzfeld
  Levi Herzfeld
  Levi Herzfeld was a German rabbi and historian.- Life :Having chosen the rabbinical career, he studied under Chief Rabbi Abraham Bing at Würzburg, and under District Rabbi Samuel Egers at Brunswick...
  
  , 19th century proponent of moderate reform http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=717&letter=C

Scholars

• Moses Buttenweiser
  Moses Buttenweiser
  Moses Buttenweiser was an American Bible scholar, born at Beerfelden, Germany and educated at the universities of University of Würzburg, Leipzig, and Heidelberg....
  
   (1862–1939), Bible scholar
• Immanuel Oscar Menahem Deutsch
  Immanuel Oscar Menahem Deutsch
  Immanuel Oscar Menahem Deutsch was a German oriental scholar of Jewish extraction. He was born in Neisse, Prussian Silesia ....
  
   (1829–1873), Semitic scholar and orientalist
• Marcus Kalisch
  Marcus Kalisch
  Marcus Kalisch was a Jewish scholar born in Treptow, Pomerania, and died in Derbyshire, England.He was educated at Berlin University, where he studied classics, philology, and the Semitic languages, and at the Rabbinical College of Berlin...
  
  , Biblical scholar http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Marcus_Kalisch
• Arthur Liebert http://www.polity.co.uk/content/BPL_Images/Content_store/Sample_chapter/9780745624860%5C001.pdf

Natural Scientists

• Adolf von Baeyer
  Adolf von Baeyer
  Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer was a German chemist who synthesized indigo, and was the 1905 recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Born in Berlin, he initially studied mathematics and physics at Berlin University before moving to Heidelberg to study chemistry with Robert Bunsen...
  
  , industrial chemist, Nobel Prize
  Nobel Prize in Chemistry
  The Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895, awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature,...
  
   (1905) (Jewish mother)^{http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/106585573/PDFSTART}
• Norbert Berkowitz
  Norbert Berkowitz
  Norbert Berkowitz, CM was a Canadian scientist involved in researching coal technology in conjunction with the Alberta Research Council and the University of Alberta....
  
  , physicist^{http://www.edukits.ca/multiculturalism/student/immigration_jewish.html}
• Hans Bethe
  Hans Bethe
  Hans Albrecht Bethe was a German-American nuclear physicist, and Nobel laureate in physics for his work on the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis. A versatile theoretical physicist, Bethe also made important contributions to quantum electrodynamics, nuclear physics, solid-state physics and...
  
  , nuclear physics, Nobel Prize
  Nobel Prize in Physics
  The Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded once a year by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901; the others are the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and...
  
   (1967)^{http://www.news.cornell.edu/Chronicle/05/3.10.05/Bethe.html}
• Sir Walter Bodmer
  Walter Bodmer
  Sir Walter Bodmer is a German-born British human geneticist. His father being Jewish, the family left Germany in 1938 and settled in Manchester. Bodmer has developed models for population genetics and done work on the human leukocyte antigen system and the use of somatic cell hybrids for human...
  
  , medical researcher
• Max Born
  Max Born
  Max Born was a German-born physicist and mathematician who was instrumental in the development of quantum mechanics. He also made contributions to solid-state physics and optics and supervised the work of a number of notable physicists in the 1920s and 30s...
  
  , quantum mechanics, Nobel Prize (1954)^{http://www.adherents.com/people/pb/Max_Born.html}
• Heinrich Caro
  Heinrich Caro
  Heinrich Caro , was a German chemist.He started his study of chemistry at the Friedrich Wilhelms University and later chemistry and dyeing in Berlin at the Royal Trades Institute...
  
  , industrial chemist^{http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/88510865/PDFSTART}
• Nikodem Caro
  Nikodem Caro
  Nikodem Caro was an industrial chemist and entrepreneur. Caro was born in Łódź, and studied chemistry in Berlin at the Royal Technical College of Charlottenburg and got his doctorate from Rostock University...
  
  , industrial chemist^{http://www.degussa-history.com/geschichte/en/personalities/nikodem_caro/}
• Albert Einstein
  Albert Einstein
  Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of general relativity, effecting a revolution in physics. For this achievement, Einstein is often regarded as the father of modern physics and one of the most prolific intellects in human history...
  
  , theoretical physics, Nobel Prize (1921)^{http://www.jafi.org.il/education/100/people/BIOS/ein.html}
• Erwin Finlay-Freundlich
  Erwin Finlay-Freundlich
  Erwin Finlay-Freundlich was a German astronomer, a pupil of Felix Klein. He was born in Biebrich, Germany. Freundlich was a working associate of Albert Einstein and introduced experiments for which the general theory of relativity could be tested by astronomical observations based on the...
  
  , astronomer^{http://www-ah.st-andrews.ac.uk/mgstud/reflect/peter.html}
• James Franck
  James Franck
  James Franck was a German Jewish physicist and Nobel laureate.-Biography:Franck was born to Jacob Franck and Rebecca Nachum Drucker. Franck completed his Ph.D...
  
  , quantum physics, Nobel Prize (1925)^{http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~mishat/franck.html}
• Adolph Frank
  Adolph Frank
  Adolph Frank was a German chemist, engineer, and businessman. He is best known for having discovered uses of potash and creating the industry....
  
  , industrial chemist^{http://www.davidsconsultants.com/jewishhistory/history.php?index=entries}
• Herbert Fröhlich
  Herbert Fröhlich
  Herbert Fröhlich was a German-born British physicist and a Fellow of the Royal Society....
  
  , physicist^{http://taylorandfrancis.metapress.com/index/HJJ5KX23705J51M8.pdf}
• Eugen Glueckauf
  Eugen Glueckauf
  Eugen Glueckauf was a German-born British expert on nuclear power.After an education at the Technische Hochschule, Berlin, he escaped from the Nazis to London...
  
  , chemist, expert on atomic energy ^{http://www.jstor.org/view/00804606/ap030032/03a00070/0}
• Hans Goldschmidt
  Hans Goldschmidt
  Johannes Wilhelm "Hans" Goldschmidt was a German chemist.Born in Berlin, he was a student of Robert Bunsen. His father, Theodor Goldschmidt, was the founder of the chemical company Chemische Fabrik Th...
  
  , industrial chemist^{http://www.jinfo.org/Chemists.html}
• Fritz Haber
  Fritz Haber
  Fritz Haber was a German chemist, who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 for his development for synthesizing ammonia, important for fertilizers and explosives. Haber, along with Max Born, proposed the Born–Haber cycle as a method for evaluating the lattice energy of an ionic solid...
  
  , developed the Haber process
  Haber process
  The Haber process, also called the Haber–Bosch process, is the nitrogen fixation reaction of nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas, over an enriched iron or ruthenium catalyst, which is used to industrially produce ammonia....
  
  , Nobel Prize (1918)^{http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/bioelectrochemistry/haber.htm&date=2009-10-25+16:35:38}
• Walter Heitler
  Walter Heitler
  Walter Heinrich Heitler was a German physicist who made contributions to quantum electrodynamics and quantum field theory...
  
  , chemist ^{http://www.jinfo.org/Chemists.html}
• Arthur Korn
  Arthur Korn
  Arthur Korn was a German-born physicist, mathematician and inventor, who was of Jewish ancestry...
  
  , physicist^{http://litten.de/abstrtoc/abstr2.htm}
• Ernst Ising
  Ernst Ising
  Ernst Ising was a German physicist, who is best remembered for the development of the Ising model. He was a professor of physics at Bradley University until his retirement in 1976.-Life:Ernst Ising was born in Cologne in 1900...
  
  , statistical mechanics^{http://www.physik.tu-dresden.de/itp/members/kobe/isingcor.ps.}
• Albert Ladenburg
  Albert Ladenburg
  Albert Ladenburg was a German chemist.-Biography:Ladenburg was a member of a well known Jewish family in Mannheim. He was educated at a Realgymnasium at Mannheim and then, after the age of 15, at the technical school of Karlsruhe, where he studied mathematics and modern languages...
  
  , chemist
• Fritz London
  Fritz London
  Fritz Wolfgang London was a German theoretical physicist. His fundamental contributions to the theories of chemical bonding and of intermolecular forces are today considered classic and are discussed in standard textbooks of physical chemistry.With his brother Heinz, he made a significant...
  
  , quantum mechanics
• Leonard Mandel
  Leonard Mandel
  Leonard Mandel was the Lee DuBridge Professor Emeritus of Physics and Optics at the University of Rochester when he died at the age of 73 at his home in Pittsford, New York. He contributed immensely to theoretical and experimental optics...
  
  , quantum optics^{http://orsted.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11522&page=274}
• Kurt Mendelssohn
  Kurt Mendelssohn
  Kurt Alfred Georg Mendelssohn FRS was a German-born British medical physicist, elected a Fellow of the Royal Society 1951.He was a great-great-grandson of Saul Mendelssohn, the younger brother of philosopher Moses Mendelssohn...
  
  , German-born British medical physicist
• Viktor Meyer
  Viktor Meyer
  Viktor Meyer was a German chemist and significant contributor to both organic and inorganic chemistry. He is best known for inventing an apparatus for determining vapour densities, the Viktor Meyer apparatus, and for discovering thiophene, a heterocyclic compound...
  
  , organic chemist^{http://www.todayinsci.com/M/Meyer_Viktor/MeyerViktor.htm}
• Leonor Michaelis
  Leonor Michaelis
  Leonor Michaelis was a German biochemist, physical chemist, and physician, known primarily for his work with Maud Menten on enzyme kinetics and Michaelis-Menten kinetics in 1913.-Early life and education:...
  
  , biochemist^{http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v393/n6681/full/393109a0.html}
• Albert Michelson, measured speed of light, Nobel Prize (1907) (Jewish father)^{http://www5.geometry.net/detail/nobel/michelson_albert_abraham.html}
• Ludwig Mond
  Ludwig Mond
  Dr Ludwig Mond , was a German-born chemist and industrialist who took British nationality.-Education and career:...
  
  , chemist & industrialist^{http://www.ajr.org.uk/pastjournal22.htm}
• Sir Rudolf Peierls
  Rudolf Peierls
  Sir Rudolf Ernst Peierls, CBE was a German-born British physicist. Rudolf Peierls had a major role in Britain's nuclear program, but he also had a role in many modern sciences...
  
  , solid state theory^{http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERperierls.htm}
• Arno Penzias, co-discoverer of CMB
  CMB
  CMB can mean:*The IATA airport code for Bandaranaike International Airport, Colombo – Sri Lanka's only international airport*C.M.B., the debut album of American R&B and pop group Color Me Badd...
  
  , Nobel Prize (1978)^{http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1978/penzias-autobio.html}
• Alfred Philippson
  Alfred Philippson
  Alfred Philippson was a German geologist and geographer.He was born at Bonn, son of Ludwig Philippson. He received his education at the gymnasium and university of his native town and at the University of Leipzig...
  
  , geologist ^{http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=270&letter=P}
• John Charles Polanyi
  John Charles Polanyi
  John Charles Polanyi, PC, CC, FRSC, O.Ont, FRS, born January 23, 1929) is a Canadian chemist who won the 1986 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, for his research in chemical kinetics. Polanyi was educated at Manchester University, and did postdoctoral research at the National Research Council in Canada and...
  
  , chemist, Nobel Prize (born Berlin) http://www.jinfo.org/Nobels_Chemistry.html
• Ernst Pringsheim
  Ernst Pringsheim, Sr.
  Ernst Pringsheim, Sr., Ernst Pringsheim sen. was a German physicist.-Literary works:* Ueber das Radiometer. Berlin: Lange, 1882. Berlin, Universität, Dissertation, 1882....
  
  , spectrometry, black-body radiation^{http://www.jinfo.org/Physicists.html}
• Michael Rossmann, physicist and microbiologist (Jewish mother)^{http://www.jinfo.org/Chemists.html; http://news.uns.purdue.edu/html4ever/010216.Nat.Ahlbrandt.book.html}
• Rudolf Schoenheimer, biochemist^{http://www.genetics.org/cgi/reprint/154/1/5.pdf}
• Arthur Schuster
  Arthur Schuster
  Sir Franz Arthur Friedrich Schuster FRS was a German-born British physicist known for his work in spectroscopy, electrochemistry, optics, X-radiography and the application of harmonic analysis to physics...
  
  , spectroscopist^{http://www.jstor.org/view/1479571x/ap030004/03a00060/0}
• Karl Schwarzschild
  Karl Schwarzschild
  Karl Schwarzschild was a German physicist. He is also the father of astrophysicist Martin Schwarzschild.He is best known for providing the first exact solution to the Einstein field equations of general relativity, for the limited case of a single spherical non-rotating mass, which he accomplished...
  
  , physicist & astronomer^{http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Schwarzschild.html}
• Franz Simon
  Francis Simon
  Sir Francis Simon, born Franz Eugen Simon , was a German and later British physical chemist and physicist who devised the method, and confirmed its feasibility, of separating the isotope Uranium-235 and thus made a major contribution to the creation of the atomic bomb.-Early life:He was born to a...
  
  , physicist, separation of Uranium 235
• Jack Steinberger
  Jack Steinberger
  Jack Steinberger is a German-American physicist currently residing near Geneva, Switzerland. He co-discovered the muon neutrino, along with Leon Lederman and Melvin Schwartz, for which they were given the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physics.-Life:...
  
  , particle physics, Nobel Prize (1988)^{http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1988/steinberger-autobio.html}
• Otto Stern
  Otto Stern
  Otto Stern was a German physicist and Nobel laureate in physics.-Biography:Stern was born in Sohrau, now Żory in the German Empire's Kingdom of Prussia and studied at Breslau, now Wrocław in Lower Silesia....
  
  , experimental physicist, Nobel Prize (1943)^{http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/ppet/jews/page5.asp?secid=31}
• Otto Wallach
  Otto Wallach
  Otto Wallach was a German chemist and recipient of the 1910 Nobel prize in Chemistry for his work on alicyclic compounds.-Biography:...
  
  , chemist, Nobel Prize (1910)
• Richard Willstätter
  Richard Willstätter
  Richard Martin Willstätter was a German organic chemist whose study of the structure of plant pigments, chlorophyll included, won him the 1915 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. Willstätter invented paper chromatography independently of Mikhail Tsvet.-Biography:Willstätter was born in to a Jewish family...
  
  , chemist, Nobel Prize (1915)^{http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/DH/B/B/C/T/}

Physicians and Medical Researchers

• Adolph Baginsky, pediatrician, diphtheria researcher^{http://soc.enotes.com/psychoanalysis-encyclopedia/baginsky-adolf}
• Alfred Bielschowsky
  Alfred Bielschowsky
  Alfred Bielschowsky was a German ophthalmologist. His specialty was physiology and pathology of the eye, particularly in regards to research of eye movement, space perception and diagnosis of oculomotor anomalies....
  
  , ophthalmologist^{http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/2257.html}
• Max Bielschowsky
  Max Bielschowsky
  Max Bielschowsky was a German neuropathologist born in Breslau.After receiving his medical doctorate from the University of Munich in 1893, he worked with Ludwig Edinger at the Senckenberg Pathology Institute in Frankfurt-am-Main. At Senckenberg he learned histological staining techniques from...
  
  , neuropathologist^{http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/535.html}
• Konrad Bloch, biochemist, Nobel Prize
  Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
  The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine administered by the Nobel Foundation, is awarded once a year for outstanding discoveries in the field of life science and medicine. It is one of five Nobel Prizes established in 1895 by Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, in his will...
  
   (1964)^{http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v409/n6822/full/409779a0.html}
• Marcus Elieser Bloch
  Marcus Elieser Bloch
  Marcus Elieser Bloch was a German medical doctor and naturalist. He is generally considered one of the most important ichthyologists of the 18th century.- Life :...
  
  , physician^{http://www.ichthyologie.de/English/Proceedings/Lesser_/lesser_.html}
• Gustav Born
  Gustav Victor Rudolf Born
  Gustav Victor Rudolf Born is Emeritus Professor of Pharmacology at King's College London and Research Professor at the William Harvey Research Institute, St. Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College....
  
  , professor of pharmacology^{http://termessos.de/Bornengl.htm}
• Edith Bulbring
  Edith Bülbring
  Edith Bülbring was Professor of Pharmacology, Oxford University, 1967–71, later Emeritus Professor.She was educated at the universities of Bonn, Munich and Freiburg, and became a hospital doctor...
  
  , Professor of pharmacy (Jewish mother)^{http://hardy.amnesty.org.uk/images/ul/f/famous_refugees_2.pdf}
• Sir Ernst Chain, developed penicillin
  Penicillin
  Penicillin is a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. They include penicillin G, procaine penicillin, benzathine penicillin, and penicillin V....
  
  , Nobel Prize (1945)^{http://www.chemheritage.org/educationalservices/pharm/antibiot/readings/flocha.htm}
• Ferdinand Cohn
  Ferdinand Cohn
  Ferdinand Julius Cohn was a German biologist.Cohn was born in Breslau in the Prussian Province of Silesia. At the age of 10 he suffered hearing impairment. He received a degree in botany in 1847 at the age of nineteen at the University of Berlin. He was a teacher and researcher at University of...
  
  , pioneer in microbiology^{http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9024676/Ferdinand-Cohn}
• Julius Friedrich Cohnheim, pathologist
• Paul Ehrlich
  Paul Ehrlich
  Paul Ehrlich was a German scientist in the fields of hematology, immunology, and chemotherapy, and Nobel laureate. He is noted for curing syphilis and for his research in autoimmunity, calling it "horror autotoxicus"...
  
  , developed magic bullet
  Paul Ehrlich
  Paul Ehrlich was a German scientist in the fields of hematology, immunology, and chemotherapy, and Nobel laureate. He is noted for curing syphilis and for his research in autoimmunity, calling it "horror autotoxicus"...
  
   concept, Nobel Prize (1908)^{http://www.weizmann.ac.il/ICS/booklet/17/pdf/paul_erlich.pdf}
• Arthur Eichengrün
  Arthur Eichengrün
  Arthur Eichengrün was a German chemist, best known through a controversy about who invented aspirin.- Life :Arthur Eichengrün was born in Aachen as the son of a Jewish cloth merchant and manufacturer...
  
  , possible inventor of aspirin^{http://www.chemheritage.org/educationalservices/pharm/asp/asp60.htm}
• Wilhelm Feldberg
  Wilhelm Feldberg
  Wilhelm Siegmund Feldberg CBE FRS was a German-British-Jewish physiologist and biologist.- Biography :...
  
  , biologist^{http://www.jstor.org/view/00804606/ap030045/03a00090/0}
• Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat, biochemist^{http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/perspectives_on_science/v007/7.1deichmann.html}
• Hermann Friedberg
  Hermann Friedberg
  Hermann Friedberg was a Jewish German physician from Rosenberg , Silesia.He studied at the universities of Berlin, Vienna, Prague, Paris, and Breslau, receiving from the last-named the degree of doctor of medicine in 1840...
  
  , physician
• Salome Gluecksohn-Waelsch
  Salome Gluecksohn-Waelsch
  Salome Gluecksohn-Waelsch was a German-born U.S. geneticist and co-founder of developmental genetics.- Life and scientific career :...
  
  , geneticist^{http://www.brandeis.edu/hbi/pubs/Harriet%20Freidenreich%20Paper.doc}
• Ernst Gräfenberg
  Ernst Gräfenberg
  Ernst Gräfenberg was a German-born physician and scientist...
  
  , obstetrician, the G-spot
  G-spot
  The Gräfenberg Spot, often called the G-Spot, is a bean-shaped area of the vagina. Many women report that it is an erogenous zone which, when stimulated, can lead to strong sexual arousal, powerful orgasms and female ejaculation...
  
  ^{http://www2.hu-berlin.de/sexology/GESUND/ARCHIV/GRAFENBERG.HTM}
• Martin Gumpert
  Martin Gumpert
  Martin Gumpert was a Jewish German-born American physician and writer.In 1936, he went to America. In 1942, he became a US citizen. Gumpert provided the German author Thomas Mann with information about the course of the disease of syphilis...
  
  , physician, writer^{http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1251644}
• Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle
  Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle
  Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle was a German physician, pathologist and anatomist. He is credited with the discovery of the loop of Henle in the kidney. His essay "On Miasma and Contagia" was an early argument for the germ theory of disease...
  
  , physician^{http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/710.html}
• Sir Bernard Katz
  Bernard Katz
  Sir Bernard Katz, FRS was a German-born biophysicist, noted for his work on nerve biochemistry. He shared the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 1970 with Julius Axelrod and Ulf von Euler...
  
  , biophysicist, Nobel Prize (1970)^{http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1970/katz-bio.html}
• Hans Kornberg
  Hans Kornberg
  Professor Sir Hans Leo Kornberg, FRS is a British biochemist.-Early Life, Education and Career:Kornberg was born in 1928 in Germany of Jewish parents. In 1939 he left Nazi Germany , and moved to the care of an uncle in Yorkshire...
  
  , biochemist researcher^{http://www.jbc.org/cgi/reprint/278/12/9993}
• Hans Kosterlitz, discovered endorphins^{http://www.berghahnbooksonline.com/books/limberggermans/abs/50841_bios.pdf}
• Sir Hans Adolf Krebs
  Hans Adolf Krebs
  Sir Hans Adolf Krebs was a German-born British physician and biochemist. Krebs is best known for his identification of two important metabolic cycles: the urea cycle and the citric acid cycle...
  
  , biochemist, Nobel Prize (1953)^{http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/1541.html}
• Fritz Lipmann, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1953)^{http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/276/46/42619?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=40&resourcetype=HWCIT}
• Jacques Loeb
  Jacques Loeb
  Jacques Loeb was a German-born American physiologist and biologist.-Biography:...
  
  , physiologist^{http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/~alroy/lefa/Loeb.html}
• Otto Loewi
  Otto Loewi
  Otto Loewi was a German born pharmacologist whose discovery of acetylcholine helped enhance medical therapy. The discovery earned for him the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1936 which he shared with Sir Henry Dale, whom he met in 1902 when spending some months in Ernest Starling's...
  
  , pharmacologist, Nobel Prize (1936)^{http://www.springerlink.com/content/y227337v0852j8wl/fulltext.pdf}
• Elisabeth Mann, biologist (Jewish mother)
• Otto Meyerhof, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1922) (Jewish father)^{http://www.bookrags.com/Otto_Fritz_Meyerhof}
• Oskar Minkowski
  Oskar Minkowski
  Oskar Minkowski He held a professor at at the University of Breslau and is most famous for his research on diabetes...
  
  , physiologist^{http://www.springerlink.com/content/r127418l04640244/fulltext.pdf}
• Albert Neisser, physician, discovered the cause of gonorrhea
  Gonorrhea
  Gonorrhea is a common sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The usual symptoms in men are burning with urination and penile discharge. Women, on the other hand, are asymptomatic half the time or have vaginal discharge and pelvic pain...
  
   (Jewish father)^{http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/2441.html}
• Emin Pasha
  Emin Pasha
  Mehmed Emin Pasha — he was born Isaak Eduard Schnitzer and baptized Eduard Carl Oscar Theodor Schnitzer — was a physician, naturalist, and governor of the Egyptian province of Equatoria on the upper Nile...
  
  , physician, naturalist, explorer^{http://www.ghil.ac.uk/Abstract_Zimmerer.pdf}
• Nathanael Pringsheim
  Nathanael Pringsheim
  Nathanael Pringsheim was a German botanist.-Biography:Nathanael Pringsheim was born at Landsberg, Prussian Silesia, and studied at the universities of Breslau, Leipzig, and Berlin successively...
  
  , botanist^{http://www.springerlink.com/index/378480V26H8MH231.pdf}
• Ottomar Rosenbach
  Ottomar Rosenbach
  Ottomar Ernst Felix Rosenbach was a German physician.Krappitz was a Silesian city where his father, Samuel Rosenbach, practised medicine. He received his education at the universities of Berlin and Breslau . His studies were interrupted by the Franco-Prussian war, in which he took an active part...
  
  , physician
• Moritz Traube
  Moritz Traube
  Moritz Traube was a German chemist and universal private scholar....
  
  , biochemist^{http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/2651.html}
• Carl Warburg
  Carl Warburg
  Carl Warburg, also known as Charles Warburg, was a physician, clinical pharmacologist, pharmaceutical chemist, botanist and manufacturer...
  
  , doctor of medicine and clinical pharmacologist.
• Otto Heinrich Warburg
  Otto Heinrich Warburg
  Otto Heinrich Warburg , son of physicist Emil Warburg, was a German physiologist, medical doctor and Nobel laureate. He served as an officer in the elite Uhlan during the First World War and won the Iron Cross for bravery. Warburg was one of the twentieth century's leading biochemists...
  
  , physiologist, Nobel Prize (1931) (Jewish father)^{http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/perspectives_on_science/v007/7.1deichmann.html}
• Karl Weigert
  Karl Weigert
  Karl Weigert, Carl Weigert was a German Jewish pathologist.He received his education at the universities of Berlin, Vienna, and Breslau, graduating in 1868...
  
  , pathologist^{http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/2431.html}

Mathematicians

• Felix Bernstein
  Felix Bernstein
  Felix Bernstein was a German Jewish mathematician known for developing a theorem of the equivalence of sets in 1897, and less well known for demonstrating the correct blood group inheritance pattern of multiple alleles at one locus in 1924 through statistical analysis...
  
  , set theory^{http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Printonly/Doetsch.html}
• Maurice Block
  Maurice Block
  Maurice Block was a German-French statistician and economist.He was born in Berlin of Jewish parents. He studied at Bonn and Giessen, but settled in Paris, becoming naturalized there. In 1844 he entered the French ministry of agriculture, becoming in 1852 one of the heads of the statistical...
  
  , statistician ^{http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Maurice_Block}
• Richard Brauer
  Richard Brauer
  Richard Dagobert Brauer was a leading German and American mathematician. He worked mainly in abstract algebra, but made important contributions to number theory...
  
  , modular representation theory^{http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Brauer.html}
• Paul Cohn
  Paul Cohn
  Paul Moritz Cohn FRS was Astor Professor of Mathematics at University College London, 1986-9, and author of many textbooks on algebra...
  
  , algebraist
• Richard Courant
  Richard Courant
  Richard Courant was a German American mathematician.- Life :Courant was born in Lublinitz in the German Empire's Prussian Province of Silesia. During his youth, his parents had to move quite often, to Glatz, Breslau, and in 1905 to Berlin. He stayed in Breslau and entered the university there...
  
  , mathematical analysis & applied mathematics^{http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Courant.html}
• Max Dehn
  Max Dehn
  Max Dehn was a German American mathematician and a student of David Hilbert. He is most famous for his work in geometry, topology and geometric group theory...
  
  , topology^{http://www.ams.org/notices/200209/fea-dawson.pdf}
• Paul Epstein
  Paul Epstein
  Paul Epstein was a German mathematician. He was known for his contributions to number theory, in particular the Epstein zeta function....
  
  , number theory^{http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Epstein.html}
• Adolf Fraenkel, set theory^{http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Fraenkel.html}
• Hans Freudenthal
  Hans Freudenthal
  Hans Freudenthal was a Dutch mathematician. He made substantial contributions to algebraic topology and also took an interest in literature, philosophy, history and mathematics education....
  
  , algebraic topology^{http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Freudenthal.html}
• Felix Hausdorff
  Felix Hausdorff
  Felix Hausdorff was a Jewish German mathematician who is considered to be one of the founders of modern topology and who contributed significantly to set theory, descriptive set theory, measure theory, function theory, and functional analysis.-Life:Hausdorff studied at the University of Leipzig,...
  
  , topology^{http://www-groups.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Hausdorff.html}
• Heinz Hopf
  Heinz Hopf
  Heinz Hopf was a German mathematician born in Gräbschen, Germany . He attended Dr. Karl Mittelhaus' higher boys' school from 1901 to 1904, and then entered the König-Wilhelm- Gymnasium in Breslau. He showed mathematical talent from an early age...
  
  , topology (Jewish father)^{http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Hopf.html}
• Adolf Hurwitz
  Adolf Hurwitz
  Adolf Hurwitz was a German mathematician.-Early life:He was born to a Jewish family in Hildesheim, former Kingdom of Hannover, now Lower Saxony, Germany, and died in Zürich, in Switzerland. Family records indicate that he had siblings and cousins, but their names have yet to be confirmed...
  
  , mathematician^{http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Hurwitz.html}
• Carl Gustav Jakob Jacobi
  Carl Gustav Jakob Jacobi
  Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi was a German mathematician, widely considered to be the most inspiring teacher of his time and is considered one of the greatest mathematicians of his generation.-Biography:...
  
  , analysis^{http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Jacobi.html}
• Leopold Kronecker
  Leopold Kronecker
  Leopold Kronecker was a German mathematician who worked on number theory and algebra.He criticized Cantor's work on set theory, and was quoted by as having said, "God made integers; all else is the work of man"...
  
  , number theory^{http://www.gap-system.org/~history/Biographies/Kronecker.html}
• Edmund Landau
  Edmund Landau
  Edmund Georg Hermann Landau was a German Jewish mathematician who worked in the fields of number theory and complex analysis.-Biography:...
  
  , number theory^{http://www.ma.huji.ac.il/~landau/landau.html}
• Rudolf Lipschitz
  Rudolf Lipschitz
  Rudolf Otto Sigismund Lipschitz was a German mathematician and professor at the University of Bonn from 1864. Peter Gustav Dirichlet was his teacher. He supervised the early work of Felix Klein....
  
  , mathematician^{http://www.jinfo.org/Mathematics_Comp.html}
• Kurt Mahler
  Kurt Mahler
  Kurt Mahler was a mathematician and Fellow of the Royal Society.He was a student at the universities in Frankfurt and Göttingen, graduating with a Ph.D...
  
  , mathematician^{http://www.gap-system.org/~history/Biographies/Mahler.html}
• Hermann Minkowski
  Hermann Minkowski
  Hermann Minkowski was a German mathematician of Ashkenazi Jewish descent, who created and developed the geometry of numbers and who used geometrical methods to solve difficult problems in number theory, mathematical physics, and the theory of relativity.- Life and work :Hermann Minkowski was born...
  
  , geometrical theory of numbers
• Claus Moser, Statistician ^{http://icliverpool.icnetwork.co.uk/entertainment/previewsandreviews/content_objectid=13939784_method=full_siteid=50061_page=5_headline=-A-brush-withour-darkest-hour-name_page.html}
• Leonard Nelson
  Leonard Nelson
  Leonard Nelson was a German mathematician and philosopher. He was part of the Neo-Friesian School and a friend of the mathematician David Hilbert, and devised the Grelling–Nelson paradox with Kurt Grelling...
  
  , mathematician, philosopher^{http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0007-1315(195409)5%3A3%3C290%3ALNZG%3E2.0.CO%3B2-7}
• Bernhard Neumann
  Bernhard Neumann
  Bernhard Hermann Neumann AC FRS was a German-born British mathematician who was one of the leading figures in group theory, greatly influencing the direction of the subject....
  
  , mathematician^{http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Neumann_Bernhard.html}
• Emmy Noether
  Emmy Noether
  Amalie Emmy Noether was an influential German mathematician known for her groundbreaking contributions to abstract algebra and theoretical physics. Described by David Hilbert, Albert Einstein and others as the most important woman in the history of mathematics, she revolutionized the theories of...
  
  , algebra & theoretical physics^{http://www.physics.ucla.edu/~cwp/Phase2/Noether,_Amalie_Emmy@861234567.html}
• Alfred Pringsheim
  Alfred Pringsheim
  Alfred Israel Pringsheim was a German mathematician and patron of the arts. He was born in Ohlau, Prussian Silesia and died in Zürich, Switzerland.- Family and academic career :...
  
  , analysis, theory of functions^{http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Pringsheim.html}
• Richard Rado
  Richard Rado
  Richard Rado FRS was a Jewish German mathematician. He earned two Ph.D.s: in 1933 from the University of Berlin, and in 1935 from the University of Cambridge. He was interviewed in Berlin by Lord Cherwell for a scholarship given by the chemist Sir Robert Mond which provided financial support to...
  
  , combinatorics^{http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Rado_Richard.html}
• Abraham Robinson
  Abraham Robinson
  Abraham Robinson was a mathematician who is most widely known for development of non-standard analysis, a mathematically rigorous system whereby infinitesimal and infinite numbers were incorporated into mathematics....
  
  , nonstandard analysis^{http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Robinson.html})^{http://phys4.harvard.edu/~wilson/publications/Human%20rights%20letters.html}
• Arthur Moritz Schönflies
  Arthur Moritz Schönflies
  Arthur Moritz Schoenflies , sometimes written as Schönflies, was a German mathematician, known for his contributions to the application of group theory to crystallography, and for work in topology....
  
  , mathematician^{http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Schonflies.html}
• Issai Schur
  Issai Schur
  Issai Schur was a mathematician who worked in Germany for most of his life. He studied at Berlin...
  
  , mathematician^{http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Schur.html}
• Otto Toeplitz
  Otto Toeplitz
  Otto Toeplitz was a German Jewish mathematician working in functional analysis.- Life and work :...
  
  , linear algebra & functional analysis^{http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Toeplitz.html}

Technical Scientists

• Ralph Baer, inventor of the games console^{http://www.videotopia.com/edit2.htm}
• Emile Berliner
  Emile Berliner
  Emile Berliner or Emil Berliner was a German-born American inventor. He is best known for developing the disc record gramophone...
  
  , inventor of the gramophone
  Phonograph
  The phonograph record player, or gramophone is a device introduced in 1877 that has had continued common use for reproducing sound recordings, although when first developed, the phonograph was used to both record and reproduce sounds...
  
  ^{http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Emile_Berliner}
• Emanuel Goldberg
  Emanuel Goldberg
  Emanuel Goldberg was born in Moscow and moved first to Germany and later to Israel...
  
   (1881–1970, from Russia, but published in German), pioneered Microdot
  Microdot
  A microdot is text or an image substantially reduced in size onto a 1mm disc to prevent detection by unintended recipients. Microdots are normally circular around one millimetre in diameter but can be made into different shapes and sizes and made from various materials such as polyester...
  
  s and microfilm retrieval technology^{http://people.ischool.berkeley.edu/~buckland/goldberg.html}
• Julius Edgar Lilienfeld
  Julius Edgar Lilienfeld
  Julius Edgar Lilienfeld was an Austro-Hungarian physicist. He was born in Lemberg in Austria-Hungary , moved to the United States in the early 1920s, and became American citizen in 1934...
  
  , electrical engineer^{http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/aboutus/history_center/conferences/che2004/VanDormael.pdf}
• Siegfried Marcus
  Siegfried Marcus
  Siegfried Samuel Marcus was a German-born Austrian inventor and automobile pioneer.Marcus was born in Malchin in Mecklenburg-Schwerin. He moved to Vienna, the capital of the Austrian Empire, in 1852....
  
  , automobile
  Automobile
  An automobile, autocar, motor car or car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor...
  
   pioneer^{http://www.virtualvienna.net/columns/billie/automuseums.html}
• Michael O. Rabin
  Michael O. Rabin
  Michael Oser Rabin , is an Israeli computer scientist and a recipient of the Turing Award.- Biography :Rabin was born in 1931 in Breslau, Germany, , the son of a rabbi. In 1935, he emigrated with his family to Mandate Palestine...
  
  , computer algorithms, Turing Award
  Turing Award
  The Turing Award, in full The ACM A.M. Turing Award, is an annual award given by the Association for Computing Machinery to "an individual selected for contributions of a technical nature made to the computing community. The contributions should be of lasting and major technical importance to the...
  
   (1976)^{http://www.emetprize.org.il/Index.asp?ArticleID=101&CategoryID=83&Page=1}
• Reinhold Rudenberg
  Reinhold Rudenberg
  Reinhold Rudenberg was a German-American electrical engineer and inventor, credited with many innovations in the electric power and related fields...
  
  , electrical engineer and inventor, Reinhold Rudenberg
  Reinhold Rudenberg
  Reinhold Rudenberg was a German-American electrical engineer and inventor, credited with many innovations in the electric power and related fields...
  
  
• Joseph Weizenbaum
  Joseph Weizenbaum
  Joseph Weizenbaum was a German-American author and professor emeritus of computer science at MIT.-Life and career:...
  
  , AI critic, ELIZA
  ELIZA
  ELIZA is a computer program and an early example of primitive natural language processing. ELIZA operated by processing users' responses to scripts, the most famous of which was DOCTOR, a simulation of a Rogerian psychotherapist. Using almost no information about human thought or emotion, DOCTOR...
  
  ^{http://www.ilmarefilm.org/W_E_1.htm}

Psychologists

• Karl Abraham
  Karl Abraham
  -Further reading:* Freud, S. . Mourning and Melancholia. Standard Edition, 14, 305-307.* May-Tolzmann, U. . The Discovery of the Bad Mother: Abraham’s contribution to the theory of Depression...
  
  , psychoanalyst^{http://mj.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/26/1/1}
• Rudolf Arnheim, perception theorist^{http://www.jstor.org/view/0024094x/ap050105/05a00190/0}
• Erik Erikson
  Erik Erikson
  Erik Erikson was a Danish-German-American developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst known for his theory on social development of human beings. He may be most famous for coining the phrase identity crisis. His son, Kai T...
  
  , developmental psychologist (Jewish mother)^{http://psychology.about.com/od/profilesofmajorthinkers/p/bio_erikson.htm}
• Erich Fromm
  Erich Fromm
  Erich Seligmann Fromm was a Jewish German-American social psychologist, psychoanalyst, sociologist, humanistic philosopher, and democratic socialist. He was associated with what became known as the Frankfurt School of critical theory.-Life:Erich Fromm was born on March 23, 1900, at Frankfurt am...
  
  , psychologist & humanistic philosopher^{http://www.psychology.duq.edu/faculty/burston/legacy.html}
• Frieda Fromm-Reichmann
  Frieda Fromm-Reichmann
  Frieda Fromm-Reichmann was a German psychiatrist and contemporary of Sigmund Freud who emigrated to America during World War II.-Life and work:...
  
  , psychoanalyst^{http://taylorandfrancis.metapress.com/index/TULFF853Q7G0051K.pdf}
• Kurt Goldstein
  Kurt Goldstein
  Kurt Goldstein was a German Jewish neurologist and psychiatrist who was a pioneer in modern neuropsychology. He created a holistic theory of the organism based on Gestalt theory which deeply influenced the development of Gestalt therapy...
  
  , Gestalt-influenced neurologist^{http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~duchan/history_subpages/kurtgoldstein.html}
• Max Hamilton
  Max Hamilton
  Professor Max Hamilton was born on 9 February 1912 at Offenbach am Main, Germany. In 1915, his family emigrated to England. He was educated at the Foundation School in Cowper Street and went on to study medicine at University College Hospital, London. He served from 1939 to 1946 in the Royal Air...
  
  , psychiatrist
• Magnus Hirschfeld
  Magnus Hirschfeld
  Magnus Hirschfeld was a German physician and sexologist. An outspoken advocate for sexual minorities, Hirschfeld founded the Scientific Humanitarian Committee, which Dustin Goltz called "the first advocacy for homosexual and transgender rights."-Early life:Hirschfeld was born in Kolberg in a...
  
  , sexologist^{http://wwwsshe.murdoch.edu.au/intersections/issue14/bauer.html}
• Kurt Koffka
  Kurt Koffka
  Kurt Koffka was a German psychologist. He was born and educated in Berlin and earned his PhD there in 1909 as a student of Carl Stumpf...
  
  , Gestalt psychologist^{http://www.jstor.org/view/00211753/ap010230/01a00340/0}
• Kurt Lewin
  Kurt Lewin
  Kurt Zadek Lewin was a German-American psychologist, known as one of the modern pioneers of social, organizational, and applied psychology....
  
  , social psychologist^{http://psychology.about.com/od/profilesofmajorthinkers/p/bio_lewin.htm}
• Hugo Münsterberg
  Hugo Münsterberg
  Hugo Münsterberg was a German-American psychologist. He was one of the pioneers in applied psychology, extending his research and theories to Industrial/Organizational , legal, medical, clinical, educational and business settings. Münsterberg encountered immense turmoil with the outbreak of the...
  
  , industrial psychologist^{http://www.jstor.org/view/00487511/dm980084/98p0294r/0}
• Ulric Neisser
  Ulric Neisser
  Ulric Neisser is an American psychologist and member of the National Academy of Sciences. He is a faculty member at Cornell University. In 1995, he headed an American Psychological Association task force that reviewed The Bell Curve and related controversies in the study of intelligence. The task...
  
  , cognitive psychologist (Jewish father)
• Erich Neumann
  Erich Neumann (psychologist)
  Erich Neumann , was a psychologist, writer, and one of Carl Jung's most gifted students.-Career:Neumann was born in Berlin. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Berlin in 1927. He later moved to Tel Aviv. For many years, he regularly returned to Zürich, Switzerland to give lectures at the...
  
  , analytical psychologist^{http://www.pep-web.org/document.php?id=jaa.024.0188a}
• Fritz Perls
  Fritz Perls
  Friedrich Salomon Perls , better known as Fritz Perls, was a noted German-born psychiatrist and psychotherapist of Jewish descent....
  
  , psychotherapist^{http://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/0803984537}
• Otto Selz
  Otto Selz
  Otto Selz was a German psychologist from Munich, Bavaria, who formulated the first nonassociationist theory of thinking, in 1913. Selz used the method of introspection, but unlike his predecessors, his theory developed without the use of images and associations...
  
  , cognitive psychologist^{http://www.springerlink.com/content/l4885k023n256464/fulltext.pdf}
• William Stern, the Intelligence Quotient
  Intelligence quotient
  An intelligence quotient, or IQ, is a score derived from one of several different standardized tests designed to assess intelligence. When modern IQ tests are constructed, the mean score within an age group is set to 100 and the standard deviation to 15...
  
  ^{http://www1.uni-hamburg.de/rz3a035//edmundsiemersallee.html}
• Max Wertheimer
  Max Wertheimer
  - External links :* * * * *...
  
  , Gestalt psychologist^{http://faculty.frostburg.edu/mbradley/psyography/datelines_wertheimer.html}

Philosophers

• Theodor Adorno, philosopher (Jewish father)^{http://www.iep.utm.edu/a/adorno.htm}
• Ernst Bloch, philosopher^{http://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=448}
• Constantin Brunner
  Constantin Brunner
  Constantin Brunner was the pen-name of the German Jewish philosopher Arjeh Yehuda Wertheimer . He was born in Altona . He came from a prominent Jewish family that had lived in the vicinity of Hamburg for generations; his grandfather, Akiba Wertheimer, was chief Rabbi of Altona and Schleswig-Holstein...
  
  , philosopher^{http://www.constantinbrunner.info/}
• Ernst Cassirer
  Ernst Cassirer
  Ernst Cassirer was a German philosopher. He was one of the major figures in the development of philosophical idealism in the first half of the 20th century...
  
  , philosopher^{http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9359963/Ernst-Cassirer}
• Hermann Cohen
  Hermann Cohen
  Hermann Cohen was a German-Jewish philosopher, one of the founders of the Marburg School of Neo-Kantianism, and he is often held to be "probably the most important Jewish philosopher of the nineteenth century".-Life:...
  
  , philosopher^{http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/HermannCohen.html}
• Friedrich Dessauer
  Friedrich Dessauer
  Friedrich Dessauer was a physicist, a philosopher, a socially engaged entrepreneur and a journalist.Friedrich Dessauer was born in Aschaffenburg, Germany. As a young man he was fascinated by new discoveries in the natural sciences. He was particularly interested in the X-rays discovered by...
  
  , philosopher^{http://www.bh.org.il/NAMES/POW/Dessauer.asp}
• Max Dessoir
  Max Dessoir
  Max Dessoir was a German philosopher and theorist of aesthetics.Dessoir was born in Berlin. He earned doctorates from the universities of Berlin and Würzburg...
  
  , philosopher^{http://www.muse.jhu.edu/journals/modern_judaism/v024/24.3kimelman.pdf}
• Julius Frauenstädt
  Julius Frauenstädt
  Christian Martin Julius Frauenstädt was a German student of philosophy. He was educated at the house of his uncle at Neisse, and converted from Judaism to Christianity in 1833...
  
  , philosopher ^{http://shekel.jct.ac.il/~green/philosophy.html}

• Kurt Grelling
  Kurt Grelling
  Kurt Grelling was a logician, philosopher and member of the Berlin Circle.- Life and work :Shortly after his arrival in 1905 at University of Göttingen, Grelling began a collaboration with philosopher Leonard Nelson, with whom he tried to solve Russell's paradox, which had shaken the foundations...
  
  , philosopher^{http://www.enabling.org/ia/gestalt/kgbio.html}
• Richard Hönigswald
  Richard Hönigswald
  Richard Hönigswald was a well-known philosopher belonging to the wider circle of Neo-Kantianism....
  
   (Jewish father)^{http://books.nap.edu/html/biomems/hhoenigswald.pdf}
• Max Horkheimer
  Max Horkheimer
  Max Horkheimer was a German-Jewish philosopher-sociologist, famous for his work in critical theory as a member of the 'Frankfurt School' of social research. His most important works include The Eclipse of Reason and, in collaboration with Theodor Adorno, The Dialectic of Enlightenment...
  
  , philosopher & sociologist^{http://construct.haifa.ac.il/~ilangz/Utopia4.html}
• Edmund Husserl
  Edmund Husserl
  Edmund Gustav Albrecht Husserl was a philosopher and mathematician and the founder of the 20th century philosophical school of phenomenology. He broke with the positivist orientation of the science and philosophy of his day, yet he elaborated critiques of historicism and of psychologism in logic...
  
  , philosopher (converted to Christianity)^{http://www.iep.utm.edu/h/husserl.htm}
• Hans Jonas
  Hans Jonas
  Hans Jonas was a German-born philosopher who was, from 1955 to 1976, Alvin Johnson Professor of Philosophy at the New School for Social Research in New York City.Jonas's writings were very influential in different spheres...
  
  , philosopher^{http://www.asu.edu/csrc/events/conferences/archive/conferences_jonas.html}
• Horace Kallen
  Horace Kallen
  -Biography:Born in the then German Bernstadt, Silesia to Jacob David Kallen and Esther Rebecca , an Orthodox rabbi and his wife, Kallen came to the United States as a child in 1887. He studied philosophy at Harvard University where he was a student of George Santayana, earning his B.A. in 1903...
  
  , philosopher^{http://hsozkult.geschichte.hu-berlin.de/termine/id=2796}
• Adolf Lasson
  Adolf Lasson
  Adolf Lasson was a German Jewish philosophical writer, strident Prussianist, and the father of Georg Lasson.- Biography:...
  
  , philosopher
• Theodor Lessing
  Theodor Lessing
  Theodor Lessing was a German Jewish philosopher.He is known for opposing the rise of Hindenburg as president of the Weimar Republic and for his classic on Jewish self-hatred , a book which he wrote in 1930, three years before Hitler came to power, in which he tried to explain the phenomenon of...
  
  , philosopher, writer^{http://www.jafi.org.il/education/jafi75/timeline2a.html}
• Karl Löwith
  Karl Löwith
  Karl Löwith , was a German philosopher, a student of Heidegger.Löwith was born in Munich. Though he was himself Protestant, his family was of Jewish descent and he therefore had to emigrate Germany in 1934 because of the National Socialist regime. He went to Italy and in 1936 he went to Japan...
  
  , philosopher^{http://www.amazon.com/dp/0691070199}
• Salomon Maimon
  Salomon Maimon
  Salomon ben Josua Maimon was a German philosopher born of Jewish parentage in Belarus.-Early years:...
  
  , philosopher^{http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9050164/Salomon-Maimon}
• Fritz Mauthner
  Fritz Mauthner
  Fritz Mauthner was a journalist and philosopher from Horschitz, Bohemia.He became editor of the Berliner Tageblatts in 1895, but is best known for his Beiträge zu einer Kritik der Sprache , published in three parts in 1901 and 1902...
  
  , author & philosopher^{http://www.cjh.org/nhprc/FritzMauthner02.html}
• Moses Mendelssohn
  Moses Mendelssohn
  Moses Mendelssohn was a German Jewish philosopher to whose ideas the renaissance of European Jews, Haskalah is indebted...
  
  , philosopher, scholar^{http://www.sullivan-county.com/id2/mendelssohn.htm}
• Helmuth Plessner
  Helmuth Plessner
  Helmuth Plessner was a German philosopher and sociologist, and a primary advocate of "philosophical anthropology" .He was Chairman from 1953-1959 of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Soziologie....
  
  , philosopher (Jewish father)^{http://www.uni-potsdam.de/u/philosophie/hpg/seiten/seite.php?layout=bildhome&inhalt=engl}
• Hans Reichenbach
  Hans Reichenbach
  Hans Reichenbach was a leading philosopher of science, educator and proponent of logical empiricism...
  
  , philosopher (Jewish father)^{http://faculty.oxy.edu/traiger/publications/reichenbach.html}
• Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy
  Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy
  Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy was a historian and social philosopher, whose work spanned the disciplines of history, theology, sociology, linguistics and beyond...
  
  , philosopher (Jewish father)^{http://www.valley.net/~transnat/erhbio.html}
• Max Scheler
  Max Scheler
  Max Scheler was a German philosopher known for his work in phenomenology, ethics, and philosophical anthropology...
  
  , philosopher (Jewish mother)
• Kurt Sternberg
  Kurt Sternberg
  Kurt Sternberg was a German philosopher and author.Sternberg, who was Jewish, fled to the Netherlands in 1939 to escape the National Socialists...
  
  , philosopher
• Richard Rudolf Walzer
  Richard Rudolf Walzer
  Richard Rudolf Walzer was a German-born British expert on Greek philosophy.Education: Werner-Siemens-Realgymnasium, Berlin-Schöneberg; Frederick William University of Berlin.-Career:...
  
  , philosopher (Jewish Year Book
  Jewish Year Book
  The Jewish Year Book is an almanac targeted at the Jewish community in the United Kingdom. It has been published every year since 1896 and is currently published by Vallentine Mitchell in association with The Jewish Chronicle and is edited by Stephen W...
  
   1975 p214)

Economists

• Robert Aumann
  Robert Aumann
  Robert John Aumann is an Israeli-American mathematician and a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences. He is a professor at the Center for the Study of Rationality in the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Israel...
  
  , Nobel Prize for Economics ^{http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/2005/aumann-autobio.html}
• Richard Ehrenberg
  Richard Ehrenberg
  Richard Ehrenberg was a German economist.He taught at Rostock University from 1899 to 1921.- Literary works :* Hamburg und Antwerpen seit 300 Jahren, 1889...
  
  , economist ^{http://www.sussex.ac.uk/library/speccoll/cgjs/archive/elton_item.php?item_id=144}
• Ludwig Lachmann
  Ludwig Lachmann
  Ludwig Lachmann was a German economist who became a member of and important contributor to the Austrian School.-Education and career:...
  
  , economist
• Emil Lederer
  Emil Lederer
  Emil Lederer was a Bohemian-born German economist and sociologist. Purged from his position at Heidelberg University in 1933 for being Jewish, Lederer fled into exile. He helped establish the "University in Exile" at the New School in New York City.-Biography:Lederer was born in 1882 to a Jewish...
  
  , economist
• Robert Liefmann
  Robert Liefmann
  Robert Liefmann was a German economist.He was a professor at Freiburg University.- Literary works :*Kartell, 1905*Beteiligungs- und Finanzierungsgeselschaften, 1909...
  
  , economist^{http://www.io.uni-freiburg.de/visiting-scholars/living.html?set_language=en}
• Adolph Lowe
  Adolph Lowe
  Adolph Lowe born Adolf Löwe was a German sociologist and economist.- Major publications of Adolph Lowe :*Arbeitslosigkeit und Kriminalität, 1914....
  
  , economist^{http://library.albany.edu/speccoll/findaids/ger022.htm}
• Rosa Luxemburg
  Rosa Luxemburg
  Rosa Luxemburg was a Marxist theorist, philosopher, economist and activist of Polish Jewish descent who became a naturalized German citizen...
  
  , economist, co-founder of the KPD^{http://www.marxists.org/glossary/people/l/u.htm}
• Fritz Naphtali, economist, editor, later Israeli finance minister
• Sigbert Prais
  Sigbert Prais
  Professor Sigbert Jon Prais FBA is an economist and has been the Senior Research Fellow at the National Institute of Economic and Social Research since 1970.- Education :...
  
  , economist (JYB 2005 p215)
• Reinhard Selten
  Reinhard Selten
  -Life and career:Selten was born in Breslau in Lower Silesia, now in Poland, to a Jewish father, Adolf Selten, and Protestant mother, Käthe Luther. For his work in game theory, Selten won the 1994 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences...
  
  , Nobel prize ^{http://www.jinfo.org/Nobels_Economics.html} (1994)
• Hans Singer
  Hans Singer
  Sir Hans Wolfgang Singer was a development economist best known for the Singer-Prebisch thesis, which states that the terms of trade move against producers of primary products. He is one of the primary figures of heterodox economics.-Biography:Singer was born in Elberfeld, Germany in 1910...
  
  , economist

Social Scientists

• Reinhard Bendix
  Reinhard Bendix
  Reinhard Bendix was a German American sociologist.Born in Berlin, Germany, he briefly belonged to Neu beginnen and Hashomer Hatzair, groups that resisted the Nazis. In 1938 he emigrated to the United States. He received his B.S., M.A., and Ph.D. from the University of Chicago, and subsequently...
  
  , sociologist^{http://www.hhs.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/15/3/25.pdf}
• Eduard Bernstein
  Eduard Bernstein
  Eduard Bernstein was a German social democratic theoretician and politician, a member of the SPD, and the founder of evolutionary socialism and revisionism.- Life :...
  
  , founder of evolutionary socialism^{http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/bernstein/bio/biography.htm}
• Franz Boas
  Franz Boas
  Franz Boas was a German-American anthropologist and a pioneer of modern anthropology who has been called the "Father of American Anthropology" and "the Father of Modern Anthropology." Like many such pioneers, he trained in other disciplines; he received his doctorate in physics, and did...
  
  , cultural anthropologist^{http://www.aaanet.org/gad/history/075opler.pdf}
• Lewis A. Coser
  Lewis A. Coser
  Lewis Coser was an American sociologist. The 66th president of the American Sociological Association in 1975....
  
  , sociologist^{http://www.bookrags.com/Lewis_A._Coser}
• Norbert Elias
  Norbert Elias
  Norbert Elias was a German sociologist of Jewish descent, who later became a British citizen.-Biography:...
  
  , sociologist^{http://www.springerlink.com/content/k22722484420w422/fulltext.pdf}
• Amitai Etzioni
  Amitai Etzioni
  Amitai Etzioni is a German-Israeli-American sociologist.-Biography:In 1933, Amitai Etzioni was only four years old when the Nazis rose to power in Germany. He was separated from his family but reunited with them by the year 1947...
  
  , sociologist^{http://www.jewishworldreview.com/0702/etzioni1.asp}
• Shelomo Dov Goitein
  Shelomo Dov Goitein
  Shelomo Dov Goitein was a German-Jewish ethnographer, historian and Arabist known for his research on Jewish life in the Islamic Middle Ages.-Biography:...
  
  , Arabist^{http://www.princeton.edu/~geniza/goitein.html}
• Moses Hess
  Moses Hess
  Moses Hess was a Jewish philosopher and socialist, and one of the founders of Labor Zionism.-Life:Hess was born in Bonn, which was under French rule at the time. In his French-language birth certificate, his name is given as "Moises"; he was named after his maternal grandfather...
  
  , socialist^{http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/hess.html}
• Eugene Kamenka
  Eugene Kamenka
  Eugene Kamenka was born in Cologne in 1928 and taken to Australia in 1937. Kamenka family is of Odessa descent. He was educated at the Sydney Technical High School, and went on to take first-class honours in philosophy at the University of Sydney under John Anderson...
  
  , sociologist^{http://www.abc.net.au/rn/counterpoint/stories/2006/1607107.htm}
• Siegfried Kracauer
  Siegfried Kracauer
  Siegfried Kracauer was a German-Jewish writer, journalist, sociologist, cultural critic, and film theorist...
  
  , sociologist & film critic^{http://www.princeton.edu/~judaic/OldJWSTWebsite/conf/speakers.html}
• Ferdinand Lassalle
  Ferdinand Lassalle
  Ferdinand Lassalle was a German-Jewish jurist and socialist political activist.-Early life:Ferdinand Lassalle was born on 11 April 1825 in Breslau , Silesia to a prosperous Jewish family descending from Upper Silesian Loslau...
  
  , founder of first German worker's party^{http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9047256/Ferdinand-Lassalle}
• Karl Mannheim
  Karl Mannheim
  Karl Mannheim , or Károly Mannheim in the original writing of his name, was a Jewish Hungarian-born sociologist, influential in the first half of the 20th century and one of the founding fathers of classical sociology and a founder of the sociology of knowledge.-Life:Mannheim studied in Budapest,...
  
  , sociologist^{http://www.safarix.com/0131109006/ch11}
• Herbert Marcuse
  Herbert Marcuse
  Herbert Marcuse was a German Jewish philosopher, sociologist and political theorist, associated with the Frankfurt School of critical theory...
  
  , sociologist, New Left
  New Left
  The New Left was a term used mainly in the United Kingdom and United States in reference to activists, educators, agitators and others in the 1960s and 1970s who sought to implement a broad range of reforms, in contrast to earlier leftist or Marxist movements that had taken a more vanguardist...
  
   figurehead^{http://www.marcuse.org/herbert/newsevents/1970/709PlayboyInt.htm}
• Karl Marx
  Karl Marx
  Karl Heinrich Marx was a German philosopher, economist, sociologist, historian, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. His ideas played a significant role in the development of social science and the socialist political movement...
  
  , founder of communism
  Communism
  Communism is a social, political and economic ideology that aims at the establishment of a classless, moneyless, revolutionary and stateless socialist society structured upon common ownership of the means of production...
  
   (parents converted to Protestantism)^{http://www.adherents.com/people/pm/Karl_Marx.html}
• Franz Oppenheimer
  Franz Oppenheimer
  Franz Oppenheimer was a German-Jewish sociologist and political economist, who published also in the area of the fundamental sociology of the state.-Personal life:...
  
  , sociologist & economist^{http://www.franz-oppenheimer.de/al64a.htm}
• Leo Loewenthal, sociologist^{http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft8779p24p/}
• Georg Simmel
  Georg Simmel
  Georg Simmel was a major German sociologist, philosopher, and critic.Simmel was one of the first generation of German sociologists: his neo-Kantian approach laid the foundations for sociological antipositivism, asking 'What is society?' in a direct allusion to Kant's question 'What is nature?',...
  
  , sociologist^{http://www.bolender.com/Sociological%20Theory/Simmel,%20Georg/PowerPoint%20Presentation%20of%20Georg%20Simmel/Georg%20Simmel.ppt}
• Georg Steindorff
  Georg Steindorff
  Georg Steindorff was a German Egyptologist.-Life:Georg Steindorff was a graduate of the Egyptology seminars of the University of Göttingen. He earned a doctorate in 1884 with a linguistic dissertation on Coptic noun forms...
  
  , egyptologist (Jewish father)^{http://www.smu.edu/bridwell/specialcollections/steindorff/steindorff.htm}
• Jacob Taubes
  Jacob Taubes
  Jacob Taubes was a sociologist of religion, philosopher, and scholar of Judaism.Taubes was born into an old rabbinical family. He was married to the writer Susan Taubes...
  
  , theologist^{http://www.sup.org/book.cgi?book_id=3344%203345}
• Louis Wirth
  Louis Wirth
  Louis Wirth was an American sociologist and member of the Chicago school of sociology.-Life:Louis Wirth was born in the small village of Gemünden in the Hunsrück, Germany. He was one of seven children born to Rosalie Lorig and Joseph Wirth. Gemünden was a pastoral community, and Joseph Wirth...
  
  , sociologist^{http://www.enotes.com/twentieth-century-criticism/wirth-louis}

Historians

• Ernst Bernheim
  Ernst Bernheim
  Ernst Bernheim was a German historian, best known for an influential Lehrbuch der historischen Methode on historical method.-Family:...
  
  , historian
• Geoffrey Rudolph Elton
  Geoffrey Rudolph Elton
  Sir Geoffrey Rudolph Elton was a German-born British historian, who specialized in the Tudor period.- Upbringing :...
  
   (son of Wictor Ehrenberg) http://www.sussex.ac.uk/cgjs/1-2-2.html
• Richard Ettinghausen
  Richard Ettinghausen
  Richard Ettinghausen was a historian of Islamic art and chief curator of the Freer Gallery.-Education:Ettinghausen received his Ph.D...
  
  , art historian^{http://www.dictionaryofarthistorians.org/ettinghausenr.htm}
• Henry Friedlander
  Henry Friedlander
  Henry Friedlander is a Jewish historian of the Holocaust noted for his arguments in favor of broadening the scope of casualties of the Holocaust....
  
  , historian^{http://www.ideajournal.com/edboard.php?id=4}
• George W. F. Hallgarten
  George W. F. Hallgarten
  George W. F. Hallgarten, or Georg Wolfgang Felix Hallgarten was a German-born American historian....
  
  , historian ^{http://www.nsec-88.org/knihy/The-myth/19.html}
• Richard Krautheimer
  Richard Krautheimer
  Richard Krautheimer was a 20th century art historian, architectural historian, Baroque scholar, and Byzantinist....
  
  , historian^{http://www.aps-pub.com/proceedings/1482/480208.pdf}
• Arno Lustiger
  Arno Lustiger
  Arno Lustiger is a German historian and author of Jewish origin. He is father of the author Gila Lustiger and cousin to Jean-Marie Lustiger, archbishop of Paris. - Life :...
  
  , historian^{http://www.ushmm.org/research/library/books/detail.php?content=2001-04-22}
• Lothar Machtan
  Lothar Machtan
  Lothar Machtan, Ph.D is a German historian, writer, as well as Professor of Modern and Current History at the University of Bremen.-Early life:...
  
   
• Golo Mann
  Golo Mann
  Golo Mann , born Angelus Gottfried Thomas Mann, was a popular German historian, essayist and writer. He was the third child of the novelist Thomas Mann and his wife Katia Mann.-Life:...
  
  , historian ((Jewish mother) ^{http://www.ajr.org.uk/pastjournal05.htm}
• Hans Rothfels
  Hans Rothfels
  Hans Rothfels was a nationalist conservative German historian. He supported an idea of authoritarian German state, dominance of Germany over Europe and was hostile to Germany's eastern neighbours...
  
  , historian^{http://www.clausewitz.com/CWZHOME/Bassford/Chapter19.htm}
• Fritz Stern
  Fritz Stern
  Fritz Richard Stern is a German-born American historian of German history, Jewish history, and historiography. He is a University Professor Emeritus and a former provost at New York's Columbia University...
  
  , historian^{http://www.lbi.org/fritzstern.html}
• Michael Wolffsohn
  Michael Wolffsohn
  Michael Wolffsohn is an Israeli-born German historian. Wolffsohn was born in Tel Aviv, in what was then the British Mandate of Palestine and today is Israel. His parents were German Jews who fled in 1939....
  
  , historian ^{http://www.history.ucsb.edu/faculty/marcuse/publications/reviews/wolfrev.968.htm}

Jurists

• Hannah Arendt
  Hannah Arendt
  Hannah Arendt was a German American political theorist. She has often been described as a philosopher, although she refused that label on the grounds that philosophy is concerned with "man in the singular." She described herself instead as a political theorist because her work centers on the fact...
  
  , political theorist^{http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/arendt.htm}
• Jacob Friedrich Behrend
  Jacob Friedrich Behrend
  ----Jacob/Jakob Friedrich Behrend was a German jurist. His father was Friedrich Jakob Behrend, a German physician....
  
  , jurist
• David Daube
  David Daube
  David Daube DCL, FBA was the twentieth century's preeminent scholar of ancient law. He combined a familiarity with many legal systems, particularly Roman law and biblical law, with an expertise in Greek, Roman, Jewish, and Christian literature, and used literary, religious, and legal texts to...
  
  , Professor of Law^{http://www.klostermann.de/recht/rec_3363.htm}
• Heinrich Dernburg
  Heinrich Dernburg
  Heinrich Dernburg was a German jurist, professor, and politician. Born in Mainz, Grand Duchy of Hesse, he was the brother of Friedrich Dernburg....
  
  , jurist^{http://www.jstor.org/view/0002919x/ap030152/03a00070/0}
• Victor Ehrenberg
  Victor Ehrenberg (jurist)
  Victor Gabriel Ehrenberg was a German jurist.He is the uncle of historian Victor Ehrenberg, Geoffrey & Lewis Elton's great uncle and great-great uncle to Ben Elton....
  
  , jurist
• Hugo Haase
  Hugo Haase
  Hugo Haase was a German politician, jurist and pacifist.-Biography:Haase was born in Allenstein , Province of Prussia, the son of Jewish shoemaker and small businessman, Nathan Haase, and Pauline née Anker. He studied law in Königsberg and established himself as a lawyer...
  
  , jurist^{http://knud.eriksen.adr.dk/germany_jewish_question.htm}
• Sir Otto Kahn-Freund
  Otto Kahn-Freund
  Sir Otto Kahn-Freund was professor of comparative law, University of Oxford, and a path breaking scholar in labour law.-Biography:...
  
  , Professor of Law
• Hermann Kantorowicz
  Hermann Kantorowicz
  Hermann Kantorowicz was a distinguished German jurist.He was a professor at Freiburg University , Visiting Professor, Columbia University...
  
  , jurist^{http://www.germanlawjournal.com/article.php?id=741}
• Walter Kaskel
  Walter Kaskel
  Carl John Walter Kaskel was an German jurist.- Literary works :* editor of the "Neue Zeitschrift für Arbeitsrecht", 1921-...
  
  , jurist^{http://www.jus.unitn.it/Cardozo/Review/Laborlaw/Nogler-1996/nogler.htm}
• Robert Kempner
  Robert Kempner
  Robert Kempner was a German-born American lawyer.Kempner was a successful Jewish lawyer in Berlin during the 1920s who then became the chief legal advisor to the Prussian police...
  
  , jurist
• Paul Laband, jurist, b. Breslau
• Otto Lenel
  Otto Lenel
  Otto Lenel was a German Jewish jurist and legal historian. His most important achievements are in the field of Roman law.-Life and career:...
  
  , jurist^{http://www.law.berkeley.edu/library/daube/independent.html}
• Franz Neumann
  Franz Leopold Neumann
  Franz Leopold Neumann was a German-Jewish left-wing political activist, Marxist theorist and labor lawyer, who became a political scientist in exile and is best known for his theoretical analyses of National Socialism. He studied in Germany and the United Kingdom, and spent the last phase of...
  
  , legal theorist^{http://www.wbenjamin.org/neumannproject.html}
• Arthur Nussbaum
  Arthur Nussbaum
  Arthur Nussbaum was a German-born American jurist.He taught at Berlin University ....
  
  , jurist^{http://www.springerlink.com/content/5fwqqt2lubr4luty/fulltext.pdf}
• Joseph Süss Oppenheimer, financial planner & court Jew
• Gabriel Riesser
  Gabriel Riesser
  Gabriel Riesser was a German politician and lawyer.-Life:Both of Riesser's grandfathers were rabbis; yet his father chose to work as a secretary at the Jewish law court of Altona before he finally became a merchant in Hamburg...
  
  , deputy speaker of Frankfurt Assembly in 1848, first Jewish judge in Hamburg^{http://www.jura.uni-sb.de/FB/LS/Fiedler/Fiedler/Aufsaetze/riesser.html}
• Rudolf Schlesinger
  Rudolf Schlesinger
  Rudolf Berthold Schlesinger was a German-born American legal scholar known for his contributions to the study of comparative law, a discipline that examines the differences and similarities among the legal systems of nations....
  
  , jurist^{http://www.jewishsf.com/content/2-0-/module/displaystory/story_id/4971/edition_id/91/format/html/displaystory.html}
• Georg Schwarzenberger, jurist ^{http://www.springerlink.com/content/5901mdg2xngk07f8/fulltext.pdf}
• Hugo Sinzheimer
  Hugo Sinzheimer
  Hugo Sinzheimer was a German legal scholar.-Biography:...
  
  , legal scholar^{http://ilj.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/8/1/193.pdf}
• Sigmund Zeisler
  Sigmund Zeisler
  Sigmund Zeisler was a German-Jewish U.S. attorney born in Austria and known for his defense of radicals in Chicago in the 1880s. His wife was the famed concert pianist Fannie Bloomfield Zeisler.-Childhood, marriage and legal education:...
  
  , jurist^{http://www.chicagojewishhistory.org/pdf/CJH.2.1999.pdf}

Linguists and philologists

• Paulus Aemilius
  Paulus Aemilius (d. 1575)
  Paulus Aemilius was a Hebrew bibliographer, publisher, and teacher.He was born in Rödelsee, Germany. He embraced Christianity in Rome. He was employed in copying Hebrew manuscripts, and for this purpose visited the libraries of Paris, Louvain, and Rome...
  
  , professor of Hebrew^{http://www.alemannia-judaica.de/roedelsee_synagoge.htm}
• Theodor Benfey
  Theodor Benfey
  This is about the philologist. For the Theodor Benfey who developed a spiral periodic table of the elements in 1964 -- Otto Theodor Benfey -- see Alternative periodic tables....
  
  , linguist (Jewish father)^{http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/BEC_BER/BENFEY_THEODOR_1809_1881_.html}
• Eduard Fraenkel
  Eduard Fraenkel
  Eduard David Mortier Fraenkel was a German-English philologist.-Background and early life:Eduard Fraenkel was born to Jewish parents in Berlin. His father was a wine dealer, and his mother the daughter of an important publishing family...
  
  , philologist
• Wilhelm Freund
  Wilhelm Freund
  Wilhelm Freund was a German Jewish philologist, born at Kempen. He studied education at Berlin and Breslau, and was chiefly occupied in teaching till 1870, when he retired in order to devote himself to his literary pursuits...
  
  , philologist ^{http://www.bh.org.il/Names/POW/Freund.asp}
• Ludwig Friedländer
  Ludwig Friedländer
  Ludwig Henrich Friedlaender was a German philologist.He studied at the universities of his hometown Königsberg, Leipzig, and Berlin from 1841 to 1845...
  
  , philologist http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=402&letter=F&search=FRIEDLÄNDER,%20LUDWIG
• Julius Fürst
  Julius Fürst
  Julius Fürst , was a Jewish German orientalist.Fürst was a distinguished scholar of Semitic languages and literature...
  
  , orientalist^{http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/FRA_GAE/FURST_JULIUS_1805_1873_.html}
• Theodor Goldstücker
  Theodor Goldstücker
  Theodor Goldstücker was a German Sanskrit scholar. He was born of Jewish parents in Königsberg. After attending the gymnasium of that town, he entered its university in 1836 as a student of Sanskrit....
  
  , linguist^{https://secure.peeters-leuven.be/POJ/downloadpdf.php?ticket_id=453c55926ddd9}
• Moshe Goshen-Gottstein
  Moshe Goshen-Gottstein
  Moshe Goshen-Gottstein was a German-born professor of Semitic linguistics and biblical philology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and director of the lexicographical institute and Biblical research institute of Bar-Ilan University.-Biography:Moshe Goshen-Gottstein was born in Berlin...
  
  , linguist
• Victor Klemperer
  Victor Klemperer
  Victor Klemperer was a businessman, journalist and eventually a Professor of Literature, specialising in the French Enlightenment at the Technische Universität Dresden. His diaries detailing his life under successive German states—the German Empire, the Weimar Republic, Nazi Germany and the German...
  
  , linguist & diarist^{http://www.doublestandards.org/klemperer.html}
• Siegbert Salomon Prawer
  Siegbert Salomon Prawer
  Siegbert Salomon Prawer is Taylor Emeritus Professor of German Language and Literature at the University of Oxford...
  
  , Professor of German
• Chaim Menachem Rabin
  Chaim Menachem Rabin
  Chaim Menachem Rabin was an Israeli professor of Hebrew and Semitic languages.Chaim Rabin was born in Giessen, Germany, 22 November 1915, the son of Israel and Martel Rabin. He studied first at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1933-1934. He then studied in England, at the School of Oriental...
  
  , linguist
• Edward Sapir
  Edward Sapir
  Edward Sapir was an American anthropologist-linguist, widely considered to be one of the most important figures in the early development of the discipline of linguistics....
  
  , anthropologist-linguist^{http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/information/biography/pqrst/sapir_edward.html}
• Ernest Simon
  Walter Simon
  Ernest Julius Walter Simon CBE FBA was a sinologist and librarian. He was born in Berlin and lived there, being educated at the University of Berlin, until he fled the Nazis to London in 1934, where he spent all the rest of his life except for brief periods as a visiting professor in various...
  
  , professor of Chinese
• Heymann Steinthal
  Heymann Steinthal
  Heymann or Hermann Steinthal was a German philologist and philosopher....
  
  , linguist^{http://www.jstor.org/view/00225037/dm980608/98p0252k/0}

Educationalists

• Lewis Elton
  Lewis Elton
  Ludwig Richard Benjamin Elton is a German-born British physicist and researcher into education, specialising in higher education....
  
  , educationalist http://www.sussex.ac.uk/cgjs/1-2-2.html
• Kurt Hahn
  Kurt Hahn
  Kurt Martin Hahn was a German educator whose philosophies are considered internationally influential.-Biography:...
  
  , educationalist

Showbusiness

• Hugo Egon Balder
  Hugo Egon Balder
  Hugo Egon Balder is a German actor and comedian. He was born 22 March 1950 in Berlin to Egon Friedrich Balder and Gerda Balder, née Schure . Gerda Balder was a Jew who, together with her mother and her son from her first marriage, survived the Theresienstadt concentration camp.Balder was a...
  
  , comedian, producer (Jewish mother)^{http://w3.berlin-friedenau.com/front_content.php?idcat=12&idart=642},
• Ludwig Berger
  Ludwig Berger (director)
  Ludwig Berger was a German film director, screenwriter and cinematographer. He directed 36 films between 1920 and 1969...
  
  , director^{http://www.adherents.com/people/pb/Ludwig_Berger.html}
• Lotte Berk
  Lotte Berk
  Lotte Berk was a dancer and teacher.She was born Liselotte Heymansohn in Cologne, Germany, to a German mother and Russian-born father, both of whom were Jewish. Her father owned a chain of quality menswear shops. Lotte as a child was chauffeured around a six seated Mercedes and would wear a...
  
  , dancer and health guru
• Kurt Bernhardt, director
• Artur Brauner
  Artur Brauner
  Artur "Atze" Brauner is a polish film producer and entrepreneur. He was born to a Jewish family in Łódź, Poland. Artur and his brother Wolf survived the Holocaust by fleeing to the Soviet Union, then emigrated to Berlin after the war. As a young man he saw Fritz Lang's film The Testament of Dr...
  
  , film producer^{http://www.german-films.de/en/germanfilmsquaterly/previousissues/seriesgermanfilmproducers/arturbrauner/index.html}
• Friedrich Dalsheim, director ^{http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,759629,00.html}
• Michael Degen, actor^{http://www.prisma-online.de/tv/person.html?pid=michael_degen}
• Ernst Dohm
  Ernst Dohm
  Friedrich Wilhelm Ernst Dohm, pseudonym is Karlchen Mießnick was a German editor, actor, and translator.He was Jewish and a convert to Christianity...
  
  , actor, editor^{http://www.ohiou.edu/~chastain/ip/kladder.htm}
• Hedwig Dohm-Pringsheim, actress^{http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/61/187.html}
• E.A. Dupont, director ^{http://www.laurahird.com/newreview/piccadilly.html}
• Michel Friedman
  Michel Friedman
  Michel Friedman is a German lawyer, former CDU politician and talk show host. From 2000 to 2003 Friedman was vice president of the Central Council of Jews in Germany, and president of the European Jewish Congress from 2001 to 2003. From 1998 to 2003 he had his own show on German television...
  
  , TV personality^{http://news.independent.co.uk/europe/article109219.ece}
• Kurt Gerron
  Kurt Gerron
  Kurt Gerron was a German Jewish actor and film director.-Life:Born Kurt Gerson into a well-off merchant family in Berlin, he initially studied medicine but was called up for military service in World War I. Seriously wounded he qualified as a military doctor of the German Army...
  
  , stage actor & film director^{http://www.7thart.com/joomla/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=104}
• Dora Gerson
  Dora Gerson
  Dora Gerson was a Jewish German cabaret singer and motion picture actress of the silent film era who was murdered with her family at Auschwitz concentration camp.- Life and work :...
  
  , actress, cabaret singer^{http://www.andante.com/article/article.cfm?id=16862}
• Therese Giehse
  Therese Giehse
  Therese Giehse , born Therese Gift, was a distinguished German actress. Born in Munich to German-Jewish parents, she first appeared on the stage in 1920. She became a major star on stage, in films, and in political cabaret...
  
  , actress Pepermill^{http://www.steffi-line.de/archiv_text/nost_buehne/06g_giehse.htm}
• Lou Jacobs
  Lou Jacobs
  Johann Ludwig Jacob was an auguste clown who performed for Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus for more than 60 years. He was inducted into the International Clown Hall of Fame in 1989...
  
  , clown^{http://wheelerclown.tripod.com/Clownpage/Lou.html}
• Ludwig Karl Koch
  Ludwig Karl Koch
  Ludwig Karl Koch MBE was a broadcaster and sound recordist. An expert on recording animal sounds, he played a significant part in increasing the British public's appreciation of wildlife....
  
  , broadcaster and sound recordist
• Carl Laemmle
  Carl Laemmle
  Carl Laemmle , born in Laupheim, Württemberg, Germany, was a pioneer in American film making and a founder of one of the original major Hollywood movie studios - Universal...
  
  , film producer^{http://movies2.nytimes.com/gst/movies/filmography.html?p_id=188031&mod=bio}
• Ernst Lubitsch
  Ernst Lubitsch
  Ernst Lubitsch was a German-born film director. His urbane comedies of manners gave him the reputation of being Hollywood's most elegant and sophisticated director; as his prestige grew, his films were promoted as having "the Lubitsch touch."In 1947 he received an Honorary Academy Award for his...
  
  , director^{http://www.adherents.com/people/pl/Ernst_Lubitsch.html}
• Richard Oswald
  Richard Oswald
  Richard Oswald was an Austrian director, producer, and screenwriter.Richard Oswald, born in Vienna as Richard W. Ornstein, began his career as an actor on the Viennese stage. He made his film directorial debut at age 34 with Das Eiserne Kreuz...
  
  , director^{http://movies2.nytimes.com/gst/movies/filmography.html?p_id=105257}
• Ferdinand Eduard Pahnecke, actor^{http://www1.uni-hamburg.de/rz3a035//jh_welcome.html}
• Lilli Palmer
  Lilli Palmer
  Lilli Palmer , born Lilli Marie Peiser, was a German actress. She won the Volpi Cup, the Deutscher Filmpreis three times, and was nominated twice for a Golden Globe Award.-Life and career:...
  
  , actress^{http://www.editrixoffice.com/DDUA_lili.htm}
• Hans Rosenthal
  Hans Rosenthal
  Hans Rosenthal was a radio editor, director, and one of the most popular German radio and television hosts of the 1970s and 80s.- Life :...
  
  , one of Germany's most popular TV personalities in history^{http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=150901100890627}
• Susan Sideropoulos
  Susan Sideropoulos
  Susan Sideropoulos is a German actress and singer.Her father is of Greek descent while her mother is from Israel....
  
  , actress ^{http://www.juedisches-museum-berlin.de/site/EN/06-Press/03-Photo-Download/jewish-now/jewish-now.php}
• Robert Siodmak
  Robert Siodmak
  Robert Siodmak was a German born American film director. He is best remembered as a thriller specialist and for the series of Hollywood film noirs he made in the 1940s.-Early life:...
  
  , director^{http://www.americancinematheque.com/archive1999/2002/filmnoir.htm}
• Ruth Westheimer
  Ruth Westheimer
  Ruth Westheimer is an American sex therapist, media personality, and author. Best known as Dr. Ruth, the New York Times described her as a "Sorbonne-trained psychologist who became a kind of cultural icon in the 1980s...
  
  , sex therapist^{http://www.fyi3.com/funstuff/fam_fosterKids/ruthWestheimer.cfm}
• Konrad Wolf
  Konrad Wolf
  Konrad Wolf was an East German film director, son of Friedrich Wolf, brother of Markus Wolf....
  
  , film director
• Peter Zadek
  Peter Zadek
  Peter Zadek was a German theatre and film director, play translator and screenwriter and is regarded as one of the greatest directors in German-speaking theater. He was the head of the Schauspielhaus Bochum, Bochum , the Deutsches Schauspielhaus, Hamburg and the Berliner Ensemble from 1992 to 1996...
  
  , theatre director

Musicians

• Samuel Adler
  Samuel Adler (composer)
  Samuel Hans Adler is an American composer and conductor.-Biography:Adler was born to a Jewish family in Mannheim, Germany, the son of Hugo Chaim Adler, a cantor and composer, and Selma Adler. The family fled to the United States in 1939, where Hugo became the cantor of Temple Emanuel in...
  
  , composer^{http://www.jhu.edu/jhso/about/adler.html}
• Haim Alexander
  Haim Alexander
  Haim Alexander is an Israeli composer.-Biography:Alexander was born in Berlin, Germany in 1915. In 1936, he emigrated to Mandate Palestine. He studied composition with Irma and Stefan Wolpe before graduating from the Jerusalem Academy of Music in 1945.-Awards:He has won the Engel Prize, the...
  
  , composer^{http://www.hum.huji.ac.il/cja/NL12%20-%205th-seminar.htm}
• Tzvi Avni
  Tzvi Avni
  Tzvi Avni is an Israeli composer.-Biography:He was born in Saarbrücken, Germany, and emigrated to Mandate Palestine as a child. He studied with Paul Ben-Haim....
  
  , composer^{http://www.wiebkehoogklimmer.de/judeneng.htm}
• Paul Ben-Haim
  Paul Ben-Haim
  Paul Ben-Haim was an Israeli composer. Born Paul Frankenburger in Munich, Germany, he studied composition with Friedrich Klose and he was assistant conductor to Bruno Walter and Hans Knappertsbusch from 1920 to 1924...
  
  , composer^{http://www.milkenarchive.org/artists/artists.taf?artistid=300}
• Julius Benedict
  Julius Benedict
  Sir Julius Benedict was a German-born composer and conductor, resident in England for most of his career.-Life:...
  
  , composer ^{http://www.jinfo.org/Conductors.html}
• Herman Berlinski
  Herman Berlinski
  Herman Berlinski was a German-born American composer, organist, pianist, musicologist and choir conductor.-Family background; early upbringing:...
  
  , American composer, organist, pianist, musicologist and choir conductor
• Wolf Biermann
  Wolf Biermann
  Karl Wolf Biermann is a German singer-songwriter and former East German dissident.-Early life:Biermann's father, who worked on the Hamburg docks, was a German Jew and a member of the German Resistance....
  
  , singer/songwriter (Jewish father)^{http://www.literaturfestival.com/bios1_3_6_574.html}
• Yehezkel Braun
  Yehezkel Braun
  -Biography:From the age of two, Braun, was brought up in Mandate Palestine in close contact with Jewish and East-Mediterranean traditional music. The influence of this background is clearly felt in his compositions....
  
  , Israeli composer^{http://imi.org.il/site/composerInfo.asp?num=38}
• Manfred Bukofzer
  Manfred Bukofzer
  Manfred Bukofzer was a German-American musicologist and humanist. He studied at Heidelberg University and the Stern conservatory in Berlin, but left Germany in 1933, going to Basle, where he received his doctorate. In 1939 he moved to the United States where he remained, becoming a U.S. citizen...
  
  , musicologist^{http://www.biu.ac.il/HU/mu/min-ad/06/Lachman-R-Katz.pdf}
• Paul Dessau
  Paul Dessau
  Paul Dessau was a German composer and conductor.- Biography :Dessau was born in Hamburg into a musical family...
  
  , composer
• Abel Ehrlich
  Abel Ehrlich
  Abel Ehrlich was an Israeli composer. In 1997, Ehrlich won the Israel Prize for Music.- Biography :...
  
  , Israeli composer^{http://www.jmi.org.uk/suppressedmusic/thwarted_voices_2000.html}
• Alfred Einstein, musicologist
• Hanns Eisler
  Hanns Eisler
  Hanns Eisler was an Austrian composer.-Family background:Eisler was born in Leipzig where his Jewish father, Rudolf Eisler, was a professor of philosophy...
  
  , German-born composer (Jewish father)^{http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/eisler.htm}
• Lukas Foss
  Lukas Foss
  Lukas Foss was a German-born American composer, conductor, and pianist.-Music career:He was born Lukas Fuchs in Berlin, Germany in 1922. His father was the philosopher and scholar Martin Fuchs...
  
  , composer & conductor^{http://artists-in-residence.com/ljlehrman/articles/aufbau7.html}
• Alexander Goehr
  Alexander Goehr
  Alexander Goehr is an English composer and academic.Goehr was born in Berlin in 1932, the son of the conductor and Schoenberg pupil Walter Goehr. In his early twenties he emerged as a central figure in the Manchester School of post-war British composers. In 1955–56 he joined Oliver Messiaen's...
  
  , composer
• Walter Goehr
  Walter Goehr
  Walter Goehr was a German composer and conductor.Goehr was born in Berlin where studied with Arnold Schoenberg and embarked on a conducting career, before being forced as a Jew to seek employment outside Germany, while working for Berlin Radio in 1932. He was invited to become music director for...
  
  , conductor^{http://www.jmi.org.uk/jminews/jminews_5.html}
• Berthold Goldschmidt
  Berthold Goldschmidt
  Berthold Goldschmidt was a German Jewish composer who spent most of his life in England...
  
  , composer
• Bernard Greenhouse
  Bernard Greenhouse
  Bernard Greenhouse was an American cellist and one of the founding members of the Beaux Arts Trio.-Life:Greenhouse was born in Newark, New Jersey. He started his professional studies with Felix Salmond at the Juilliard School when he was eighteen...
  
  , cellist^{http://www.artworksberlin.de/englisch/mendelssohnplayers/index.html}
• George Henschel
  George Henschel
  Sir George Henschel , was a British baritone, pianist, conductor, and composer of German birth....
  
  , singer & conductor^{http://oq.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/10/4/39.pdf}
• Alfred Hertz
  Alfred Hertz
  Alfred Hertz , a German conductor born in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. As a child, he contracted infantile paralysis and walked with a cane after that....
  
  , conductor^{http://www.jewishsf.com/content/2-0-/module/displaystory/story_id/23046/format/html/displaystory.html}
• André Herzberg, musician (Pankow
  Pankow (German band)
  Pankow are a German rock band, founded in East Berlin in 1981,. Their name came from the Berlin district of Pankow, which was once home to most of the officials of the East German government. The band's original lineup consisted of Jürgen Ehle, Ingo Griese, André Herzberg, Rainer Kirchmann, and...
  
  ) ^{http://zeus.zeit.de/text/2006/05/Dt_-Isreal_Beziehung}
• Gerard Hoffnung
  Gerard Hoffnung
  Gerard Hoffnung was an artist and musician, best known for his humorous works.- Early years :Born in Berlin, and named Gerhard, he was the only child of a well-to-do Jewish couple, Hildegard and Ludwig Hoffnung...
  
  , musicologist http://www.chrisbeetles.com/pictures/artists/Hoffnung_Gerard/Hoffnung_Gerard.htm
• Friedrich Holländer
  Friedrich Hollaender
  Friedrich Hollaender was a German film composer.He was born in London, where his father, operetta composer Victor Hollaender, worked at the Barnum & Bailey Circus...
  
  , composer^{http://www.exil-archiv.de/html/biografien/hollaender.htm}
• Salomon Jadassohn
  Salomon Jadassohn
  Salomon Jadassohn was a German composer and a renowned teacher of piano and composition at the Leipzig Conservatory.-Life:...
  
  , composer^{http://www.recordsinternational.com/RICatalogFeb03.html}
• Leon Jessel
  Leon Jessel
  Leon Jessel, or Léon Jessel was a German composer of operettas and light classical music pieces. Today he is best known internationally as the composer of the popular jaunty march "The Parade of the Tin Soldiers," also known as "The Parade of the Wooden Soldiers." Jessel was a prolific composer...
  
  , composer^{http://www.jewish-music.huji.ac.il/GetDetails.asp?id=410&TableName=Book_T&quest=607&page=cat&CatTableName=Authors_T}
• Robert Kahn
  Robert Kahn (composer)
  Robert Kahn was a German composer, pianist, and music teacher.- Life :Kahn was born in Mannheim, the second son of Bernhard Kahn and Emma Eberstadt. One of his seven siblings included financier Otto Kahn. His parents belonged to a distinguished family of bankers and merchants...
  
  , composer^{http://cdbaby.com/cd/martindillon1}
• Otto Klemperer
  Otto Klemperer
  Otto Klemperer was a German conductor and composer. He is widely regarded as one of the leading conductors of the 20th century.-Biography:Otto Klemperer was born in Breslau, Silesia Province, then in Germany...
  
  , conductor^{http://www.concentric.net/~onk145/Bio.htm}
• Robert Lachmann
  Robert Lachmann
  Robert Lachmann a German ethnomusicologist, linguist , musicologist, orientalist and library official...
  
  , musicologist^{http://www.jstor.org/view/00274224/ap030310/03a00260/0}
• Ludwig Lenel
  Ludwig Lenel
  Ludwig Lenel was an organist and composer.-Family:The grandfather on the mother's side of Ludwig Lenel was the Prussian democrat Friedrich Kapp , who emigrated to the USA, but returned later and became a national-liberal deputy to the German Reichstag and a friend of Bismarck...
  
  , organist and composer
• Hermann Levi
  Hermann Levi
  Hermann Levi was a German Jewish orchestral conductor.Levi was born in Gießen, Germany, the son of a rabbi. He was educated at Gießen and Mannheim, and came to Vinzenz Lachner's notice...
  
  , conductor
• Alfred Lion
  Alfred Lion
  Alfred Lion was a Jewish German-born American record executive who co-founded Blue Note Records in 1939 Blue Note recorded many of the biggest names in jazz throughout the 1940s, 50s, and 60s.-Biography:...
  
   & Frank Wulff, founders of Blue Note Records
  Blue Note Records
  Blue Note Records is a jazz record label, established in 1939 by Alfred Lion and Max Margulis. Francis Wolff became involved shortly afterwards. It derives its name from the characteristic "blue notes" of jazz and the blues. At the end of the 1950s, and in the early 1960s, Blue Note headquarters...
  
  ^{http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_19990508/ai_n14235233}
• Edward Lowinsky
  Edward Lowinsky
  Edward Elias Lowinsky was an American musicologist born in Stuttgart, Germany,to Leopold L. and Clara Rosenfeld....
  
  , musicologist
• Michael Mann, musician (Jewish mother)^{http://www.picture-newsletter.com/thomas-mann/index.htm}
• Arnold Mendelssohn
  Arnold Mendelssohn
  Arnold Ludwig Mendelssohn was a German composer and music teacher.Mendelssohn was born in the then Ratibor, Province of Silesia, son of Felix Mendelssohn's second cousin Wilhelm Mendelssohn who had married in 1854 Louise Aimee Cauer...
  
  , organist^{https://web3.unt.edu/the/centers.php?css=lost_composers}
• Felix Mendelssohn
  Felix Mendelssohn
  Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Barthóldy , use the form 'Mendelssohn' and not 'Mendelssohn Bartholdy'. The Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians gives ' Felix Mendelssohn' as the entry, with 'Mendelssohn' used in the body text...
  
  , composer & conductor (Jewish ancestry but raised Lutheran)^{http://www.beth-elsa.org/be_s0220.htm}
• Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel, composer^{http://www2.wwnorton.com/classical/composers/hensel.htm}
• Giacomo Meyerbeer
  Giacomo Meyerbeer
  Giacomo Meyerbeer was a noted German opera composer, and the first great exponent of "grand opera." At his peak in the 1830s and 1840s, he was the most famous and successful composer of opera in Europe, yet he is rarely performed today.-Early years:He was born to a Jewish family in Tasdorf , near...
  
  , composer
• Ben-Zion Orgad
  Ben-Zion Orgad
  Ben-Zion Orgad was an Israeli composer....
  
  , Israeli composer^{http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/1990_1999/1998/11/Music%20in%20Israel%201995-1998}
• Menahem Pressler
  Menahem Pressler
  Menahem Pressler is a German-born American pianist, founding member of the Beaux Arts Trio.-Professional career:...
  
  , pianist^{http://www.jmi.org.uk/suppressedmusic/newsletter/articles/003.html}
• André Previn
  André Previn
  André George Previn, KBE is an American pianist, conductor, and composer. He is considered one of the most versatile musicians in the world, and is the winner of four Academy Awards for his film work and ten Grammy Awards for his recordings. -Early Life:Previn was born in...
  
  , conductor
• Franz Reizenstein
  Franz Reizenstein
  Franz Theodor Reizenstein was a German-born British composer and concert pianist. He left Germany for sanctuary in Britain in 1934 and went on to have his career there, including teaching at the Royal Northern College of Music and Boston University, as well as performing.-Life and work:Franz...
  
  , pianist, composer^{http://www.ajr.org.uk/pastjournal21.htm}
• Curt Sachs
  Curt Sachs
  Curt Sachs was a German-born but American-domiciled musicologist. He was one of the founders of modern organology , and is probably best remembered today for co-authoring the Sachs-Hornbostel scheme of musical instrument classification with his fellow scholar Erich von Hornbostel.Born in Berlin,...
  
  , musicologist, co-founder of modern organology
  Organology
  Organology is the science of musical instruments and their classification. It embraces study of instruments' history, instruments used in different cultures, technical aspects of how instruments produce sound, and musical instrument classification...
  
  ^{http://www.biu.ac.il/HU/mu/min-ad/06/Lachman-R-Katz.pdf}
• Kurt Sanderling
  Kurt Sanderling
  Kurt Sanderling, CBE was a German conductor.-Biography:Kurt Sanderling was born in Arys, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire to Jewish parents. After early work at the Deutsche Oper Berlin, he left for the Soviet Union in 1936, where he worked with the Moscow Radio Symphony Orchestra...
  
  , conductor^{http://www.sptimes.com/2003/09/14/Floridian/Tearing_down_the_walls.shtml}
• Adolf Martin Schlesinger
  Adolf Martin Schlesinger
  Adolf Martin Schlesinger was a German music publisher whose firm became one of the most influential in Berlin in the early nineteenth century.-Career:...
  
  , music publisher ^{http://mq.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/LXXII/1/1.pdf}
• Heinrich Sontheim
  Heinrich Sontheim
  Heinrich Sontheim , also known as Honas Bär Sontheimer, was a prominent late-19th-Century tenor and kammersänger based in Stuttgart, Germany.- Personal life :...
  
  , tenor ^{http://jebenhausen.worldzonepro.com/sontheim.html}
• William Steinberg
  William Steinberg
  William Steinberg was a German-American conductor.- Biography :Steinberg was born Hans Wilhelm Steinberg in Cologne, Germany. He displayed early talent as a violinist, pianist, and composer, conducting his own choral/ orchestral composition at age 13...
  
  , conductor^{http://www.music.buffalo.edu/bpo/steinber.htm}
• Erich Walter Sternberg
  Erich Walter Sternberg
  Erich Walter Sternberg was a German-born Israeli composer. He was one of the founders of the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra.- Biography :...
  
  , composer
• Josef Tal, composer^{http://grace.evergreen.edu/~arunc/texts/music/wolpe/wolpe/Josef_Tal.html}
• Ilia Trilling
  Ilia Trilling
  Ilia Trilling, was a German-born Yiddish theatrical producer and composer for Yiddish theatrical works. He was active in Poland, Ukraine and the United States....
  
  , synagogue composer^{http://www.naxos.com/composerinfo/5347.htm}
• Ignatz Waghalter
  Ignatz Waghalter
  Ignatz Waghalter was a Polish-German composer and conductor.-Early years:Waghalter was born into a poor but musically-accomplished Jewish family in Warsaw. His eldest brother, Henryk Waghalter , became a renowned cellist at the Warsaw Conservatory. Wladyslaw , the youngest Waghalter brother,...
  
  , composer & conductor^{http://www.musicalpointers.co.uk/reviews/cddvd/waghalter.htm}
• Bruno Walter
  Bruno Walter
  Bruno Walter was a German-born conductor. He is considered one of the best known conductors of the 20th century. Walter was born in Berlin, but is known to have lived in several countries between 1933 and 1939, before finally settling in the United States in 1939...
  
  , conductor (Jewish father)^{http://www.maurice-abravanel.com/walter.html}
• Franz Waxman
  Franz Waxman
  Franz Waxman was a German-American composer, known for his bravura Carmen Fantasie for violin and orchestra, based on musical themes from the Bizet opera Carmen, and for his musical scores for films....
  
  , film composer^{http://www.villagevoice.com/film/0650,stein,75280,20.html}
• Kurt Weill
  Kurt Weill
  Kurt Julian Weill was a German-Jewish composer, active from the 1920s, and in his later years in the United States. He was a leading composer for the stage who was best known for his fruitful collaborations with Bertolt Brecht...
  
  , composer^{http://www.naxos.com/composerinfo/1478.htm}
• Indira Weiss, singer & actress^{http://www.rtl.de/cms/unterhaltung/ich-bin-ein-star/dschungelcamp-kandidaten/indira-weis.html?startid=574270}
• Stefan Wolpe
  Stefan Wolpe
  Stefan Wolpe was a German-born composer.-Life:Wolpe was born in Berlin. He attended the Klindworth-Scharwenka Conservatory from the age of fourteen, and the Berlin Hochschule für Musik in 1920-1921. He studied composition under Franz Schreker and was also a pupil of Ferruccio Busoni...
  
  , composer^{http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/music_and_letters/v086/86.2earle.pdf}
• Alec Empire
  Alec Empire
  Alec Empire is a German musician who is best known as a founding member of the band Atari Teenage Riot. Also a prolific and distinguished solo artist, producer and DJ, he has released well over a hundred albums, EPs and singles and remixed over seventy tracks for various artists including Björk...
  
  , member of Atari Teenage Riot
  Atari Teenage Riot
  'Atari Teenage Riot' is a German digital hardcore group formed in Berlin in 1992. The name was taken from a Portuguese Joe song 'Teenage Riot' from the 'Teen-age Riot' album, with the word 'Atari' added as an Atari ST computer was used to create compositions...
  
  ^{http://www.montrealmirror.com/ARCHIVES/1997/112097/music1.html}
• Hilde Zadek
  Hilde Zadek
  Hilde Zadek is a German operatic soprano.After her hometown became Polish after World War I, her parents moved to Stettin in 1920, where Zadek spent her youth; however as a Jew she was forced to leave Germany in 1934, and settled in then Palestine, where she worked as a nurse in Jerusalem, while...
  
  , soprano^{http://members.aon.at/vanderlet/english/zadeken.htm}

Artists

• Anni Albers
  Anni Albers
  Annelise Albers was a German-American textile artist and printmaker. She is perhaps the best known textile artist of the 20th century.-Life:...
  
  , textile designer^{http://www.tate.org.uk/modern/exhibitions/albersmoholy/albersmoholy_tp.pdf}
• Frank Auerbach
  Frank Auerbach
  Frank Helmut Auerbach is a painter born in Germany although he has been a naturalised British citizen since 1947.-Biography:Auerbach was born in Berlin, the son of Max Auerbach, a patent lawyer, and Charlotte Nora Burchardt, who had trained as an artist...
  
  , painter^{http://www.tate.org.uk/servlet/ArtistWorks?cgroupid=999999961&artistid=676&page=1&sole=y&collab=y&attr=y&sort=default&tabview=bio}
• Eduard Bendemann
  Eduard Bendemann
  Eduard Julius Friedrich Bendemann was a German painter.-Biography:Bendemann was born in Berlin. His father, Anton Heinrich Bendemann, was a Jewish banker. His mother, Fanny Eleonore Bendemann née von Halle, was a daughter of the Jewish banker Joel Samuel von Halle...
  
  , painter
• Martin Bloch, British painter^{http://www.thejc.com/home.aspx?ParentId=m11s19s116&SecId=116&AId=48162&ATypeId=1}
• Erwin Blumenfeld
  Erwin Blumenfeld
  Erwin Blumenfeld was a famous American photographer of German origin.In the 1930s, he published collages mocking Adolf Hitler. In 1936, he emigrated to Paris. With the German occupation, he was interned in a concentration camp in 1940 because he was Jewish...
  
  , photographer^{http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2006/04/21/DDGBEIBS8G1.DTL}
• Alfred Eisenstaedt
  Alfred Eisenstaedt
  Alfred Eisenstaedt was a German-American photographer and photojournalist. He is renowned for his candid photographs, frequently made using various models of a 35mm Leica rangefinder camera...
  
  , photographer^{http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Eisenstaedt.html}
• Benno Elkan
  Benno Elkan
  Benno Elkan OBE was a German-born British sculptor and medallist. Married to Hedwig Einstein, sister of Carl Einstein and a concert pianist in her own right...
  
  , sculptor
• James Ingo Freed
  James Ingo Freed
  James Ingo Freed was an American architect born in Essen, Germany during the Weimar Republic.His Jewish family fled to the United States when he was 9 to escape the regime of Nazi Germany....
  
  , architect^{http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2005/12/17/BAGMUG9N6G1.DTL}
• Gisèle Freund
  Gisèle Freund
  Gisèle Freund was a German-born French photographer, famous for her documentary photography and portraits of writers and artists. Her best-known book is Photographie et société , about the uses and abuses of the photographic medium.-Early life:Freund was born near Berlin to a wealthy Jewish family...
  
  , photographer^{http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/freund.htm}
• Eva Hesse
  Eva Hesse
  Eva Hesse , was a German-born American sculptor, known for her pioneering work in materials such as latex, fiberglass, and plastics. -Early life:Hesse was born into a family of observant Jews in Hamburg, Germany...
  
  , materials artist^{http://www.jewishpress.com/page.do/18790/Jewish_Arts.html}
• Erich Kahn
  Erich Kahn
  Erich Kahn was a German Expressionist, and a survivor of the Nazi persecution of Jews and Gypsies during the events that led to World War II.-Biography:...
  
  , painter, expressionist^{http://www.tate.org.uk/servlet/ViewWork?cgroupid=999999961&workid=7814&searchid=11883&tabview=text}
• Eugen Kaufmann
  Eugen Kaufmann
  Eugen Carl Kaufmann or Eugene Charles Kent was German-born English Jewish architect.From 1925, he was engaded the new-city planning of Frankfurt under the leadership of Ernst May....
  
  , architect^{http://www.jstor.org/view/09524649/ap040038/04a00040/0}
• Hugo Lederer
  Hugo Lederer
  Professor Hugo Lederer was an Austro-Hungarian-born German sculptor.Lederer studied in Dresden under sculptor John Schilling from 1890, then briefly under Christian Behrens. His greatest success came in 1902 with the commission for a Bismarck tower in the center of Hamburg...
  
   (1871–1940) sculptor
• Max Liebermann
  Max Liebermann
  Max Liebermann was a German-Jewish painter and printmaker best known for his etching and lithography.-Biography:...
  
  , painter^{http://www.thejewishmuseum.org/site/pages/press.php?id=60}
• Wilhelm Löwith, artist^{http://ajcarchives.org/AJC_DATA/Files/1911_1912_4_YearReview.pdf}
• Peter Max
  Peter Max
  Peter Max is a German-born Jewish American artist. At first, works in this style appeared on posters and were seen on the walls of college dorms all across America. Max then became fascinated with new printing techniques that allowed for four-color reproduction on product merchandise...
  
  , pop artist^{http://www.metroactive.com/papers/metro/10.22.98/petermax-9842.html}
• Ludwig Meidner
  Ludwig Meidner
  Ludwig Meidner was a German expressionist painter and printmaker born in Bernstadt, Silesia. He was apprenticed to a stonemason, but the apprenticeship was not completed. He studied at the Royal School of Art in Breslau and, from 1906-07 at the Julien and Cormon Academies in Paris where he met...
  
  , painter^{http://www.courtauld.ac.uk/newsletter/autumn_2002/sympomeid.html}
• Erich Mendelsohn
  Erich Mendelsohn
  Erich Mendelsohn was a Jewish German architect, known for his expressionist architecture in the 1920s, as well as for developing a dynamic functionalism in his projects for department stores and cinemas.-Early life:...
  
  , architect^{http://www.open2.net/modernity/4_14_frame.htm}
• Helmut Newton
  Helmut Newton
  Helmut Newton, born Helmut Neustädter was a German-Australian photographer. He was a "prolific, widely imitated fashion photographer whose provocative, erotically charged black-and-white photos were a mainstay of Vogue and other publications."-Early life:Newton was born in Berlin, the son of Klara...
  
  , photographer (Jewish father)^{http://www.meaus.com/helmut-newton-dead.htm}
• Felix Nussbaum
  Felix Nussbaum
  Felix Nussbaum was a German-Jewish surrealist painter. Nussbaum’s artwork gives a rare glimpse into the essence of one individual among the victims of the Holocaust.- Early life and education :...
  
  , painter^{http://www.daniel-libeskind.com/projects/pro.html?ID=4}
• Meret Oppenheim
  Méret Oppenheim
  -External links:**** http://www.artchive.com/artchive/M/man_ray.html...
  
  , surrealist^{http://www.modernamuseet.se/feature/2004/MO_ManRay/template3.asp?lang=Eng&id=2447}
• Erwin Panofsky
  Erwin Panofsky
  Erwin Panofsky was a German art historian, whose academic career was pursued mostly in the U.S. after the rise of the Nazi regime. Panofsky's work remains highly influential in the modern academic study of iconography...
  
  , art historian^{http://www.pacpubserver.com/new/news/6-4-00/jewish.html}
• Hans Schleger, designer^{http://www.lundhumphries.co.uk/pages/single/2219.html}
• Charlotte Salomon
  Charlotte Salomon
  Charlotte Salomon was a German-Jewish artist born in Berlin. She is primarily remembered as the creator of an autobiographical series of paintings Leben? oder Theater?: Ein Singspiel consisting of 769 individual works painted between 1941 and 1943 in the south of France, while Salomon was in...
  
  , artist^{http://www.remember.org/educate/sal.html}
• Erich Salomon
  Erich Salomon
  Erich Salomon was a German-born news photographer known for his pictures in the diplomatic and legal professions and the innovative methods he used to acquire them....
  
  , news photographer^{http://www.absolutearts.com/artsnews/2000/04/24/26880.html}
• Victor Weisz
  Victor Weisz
  Victor Weisz was a German-British political cartoonist, drawing under the name of Vicky.- Biography :...
  
  , Vicky, cartoonist

Writers

• Erich Auerbach
  Erich Auerbach
  Erich Auerbach was a philologist and comparative scholar and critic of literature. His best-known work is Mimesis: The Representation of Reality in Western Literature, a history of representation in Western literature from ancient to modern times.-Biography:Auerbach, who was Jewish, was born in...
  
  , literature critic^{http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/auerb.htm}
• Julius Bab
  Julius Bab
  Julius Bab was a German dramatist and theater critic.He was a cofounder of the Kulturbund Deutscher Juden. Bab was a close friend of journalist and theater critic Siegfried Jacobsohn and a key contributor to the early years of the magazine Schaubühne, the later Weltbühne.In 1939 he emigrated to...
  
  , dramatist and theater critic
• Jurek Becker
  Jurek Becker
  Jurek Becker was a Polish-born German writer, film-author and GDR dissident. His most famous novel is Jacob the Liar, which has been made into two films. He lived in Łódź during World War II for about two years and survived the Holocaust.-Childhood:Jurek Becker was born in 1937 and lived in the...
  
  , writer^{http://www.uwp.co.uk/book_desc/1456.html}
• Maxim Biller
  Maxim Biller
  Maxim Biller is a German writer.Born in Prague to Russian-Jewish parents, he emigrated with his parents and sister to Germany in 1970, when he was ten years old. After living for a long time in Munich, he now lives in Berlin....
  
  , writer^{http://www.coh.arizona.edu/german/syllabi/05fall/ger376.pdf}
• Ludwig Börne
  Ludwig Börne
  Karl Ludwig Börne was a German political writer and satirist.-Early life:Karl Ludwig Börne was born Loeb Baruch on May 6, 1786, at Frankfurt am Main, son of Jakob Baruch, a banker. His grandfather had been a government bureaucrat.-Education:Börne and his brothers were privately tutored by Jacob...
  
  , satirist^{http://www.juedisches-museum-berlin.de/site/EN/01-Exhibitions/05-Rafael-Roth-Learning-Center/02-news/01-05-02-news.php}
• Otto Brahm
  Otto Brahm
  Otto Brahm was a German drama and literary critic, theatre manager and director. His productions were noted for being accurate and realistic. He was involved in the foundation of the progressive Freie Bühne company, of which he became president and producer...
  
  , literary critic^{http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9016149/Otto-Brahm}
• Henryk Broder
  Henryk Broder
  Henryk Modest Broder is a Polish born German journalist and author.Broder is known for polemics, columns and comments in written and oral media. Broder wrote for the magazine Der Spiegel as well as its online version and the daily Berlin newspaper Der Tagesspiegel. Since 2010 he writes for Die Welt...
  
  , journalist^{http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modern_judaism/v017/17.2br_stern.html}
• Walter Benjamin
  Walter Benjamin
  Walter Bendix Schönflies Benjamin was a German-Jewish intellectual, who functioned variously as a literary critic, philosopher, sociologist, translator, radio broadcaster and essayist...
  
  , literary critic & philosopher^{http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/catalog/data/023112/0231126565.HTM}
• Emil Carlebach
  Emil Carlebach
  Emil Carlebach was a Hessian Landtag member, a writer, and a journalist. He was born and died in Frankfurt am Main.-Life:...
  
  , writer, dissident^{http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/60/003.html}
• Joseph Derenbourg
  Joseph Derenbourg
  Joseph Derenbourg, or Joseph Naftali Derenburg was a Franco-German orientalist.He was born in Mainz , as a youngest son of the lawyer Jacob Derenburg....
  
  , orientalist, father of Hartwig Derenbourg
  Hartwig Derenbourg
  Hartwig Derenbourg was an Orientalist.He was born in Paris, son of scholar Joseph Derenbourg. He was educated at Göttingen and Leipzig. Subsequently he studied Arabic at the Ecole des Langues Orientales. In 1879 he was appointed professor of Arabic, and in 1886 professor of Muslim Religion, at the...
  
  ^{http://www.springerlink.com/content/m15n435375w80467/fulltext.pdf}
• Hilde Domin
  Hilde Domin
  Hilde Domin , whose real name was Hilde Palm , was a German lyric poet and writer. She was amongst the most important German-language poets of her time.-Biography:...
  
  , poet^{http://www.jewish-theatre.com/visitor/article_display.aspx?articleID=1770}
• Lion Feuchtwanger
  Lion Feuchtwanger
  Lion Feuchtwanger was a German-Jewish novelist and playwright. A prominent figure in the literary world of Weimar Germany, he influenced contemporaries including playwright Bertolt Brecht....
  
  , novelist^{http://members.aol.com/fljosephus/Feuchtwanger.htm}
• Hubert Fichte
  Hubert Fichte
  Hubert Fichte was a German novelist.- Life :Hubert Fichte was born on March 21, 1935 in Perleberg Hospital. A few weeks after his birth his family moved to Hamburg-Lokstedt. Fichtes mother worked as stenotypist and he was mostly raised by his grandmother...
  
  , author (Jewish father)^{http://andrejkoymasky.com/liv/fam/biof1/fich1.html}
• Anne Frank
  Anne Frank
  Annelies Marie "Anne" Frank is one of the most renowned and most discussed Jewish victims of the Holocaust. Acknowledged for the quality of her writing, her diary has become one of the world's most widely read books, and has been the basis for several plays and films.Born in the city of Frankfurt...
  
  , diarist^{http://www.gale.com/free_resources/whm/bio/frank_a.htm}
• Karen Gershon
  Karen Gershon
  Karen Gershon, born Kaethe Loewenthal was a German-born British writer and poet. She escaped to Britain in December 1938....
  
  , poet (1923–1993) http://www.fiveleaves.co.uk/jewish-int.html
• Friedrich Gundolf
  Friedrich Gundolf
  Friedrich Gundolf, born Friedrich Leopold Gundelfinger was a German-Jewish literary scholar and poet and one of the most famous academics of the Weimar Republic.- Education :...
  
  , literary man^{http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/goebbels.html}
• Glückel of Hameln
  Glückel of Hameln
  Glückel of Hameln was a Jewish businesswoman and diarist, whose account of life provides scholars with an intimate picture of German Jewish communal life in the late-17th-early eighteenth century Jewish ghetto...
  
  , 18th-century Yiddish diarist^{http://www.phy6.org/outreach/Jewish/Gluckel.htm}
• Maximilian Harden
  Maximilian Harden
  Maximilian Harden was an influential German journalist and editor.- Biography :...
  
  , journalists^{http://site.www.umb.edu/faculty/salzman_g/Strate/Discus/2002-12-05CraigOnElon.rtf}
• Heinrich Heine
  Heinrich Heine
  Christian Johann Heinrich Heine was one of the most significant German poets of the 19th century. He was also a journalist, essayist, and literary critic. He is best known outside Germany for his early lyric poetry, which was set to music in the form of Lieder by composers such as Robert Schumann...
  
  , poet (converted to Protestantism for job prospects)
• Stefan Heym
  Stefan Heym
  Helmut Flieg was a German-Jewish writer, known by his pseudonym Stefan Heym. He lived in the United States between 1935 and 1952, before moving back to the part of his native Germany which was, from 1949–1990, German Democratic Republic...
  
  , novelist, politician^{http://www.jewishsf.com/content/2-0-/module/displaystory/story_id/17428/edition_id/345/format/html/displaystory.html}
• Wolfgang Hildesheimer
  Wolfgang Hildesheimer
  Wolfgang Hildesheimer was a German author who incorporated the Theatre of the Absurd. He originally trained as an artist, before turning to writing.-Biography:...
  
  ^{http://www.cutg.ac.uk/03prog.htm}
• Edgar Hilsenrath
  Edgar Hilsenrath
  Edgar Hilsenrath is a German-Jewish writer living in Berlin. His main works are Night, The Nazi and the Barber, and The Story of the Last Thought.-Biography:...
  
  , novelist^{http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,1952836,00.html}
• Barbara Honigmann
  Barbara Honigmann
  Barbara Honigmann is a German author and artist.Barbara Honigmann is the daughter of German-Jewish emigrants, who returned to East Berlin in 1947 after a period of exile in Great Britain. Her mother, Litzi Friedman, was the first wife of Kim Philby and her father, Georg Honigmann, was the chief...
  
  , writer^{http://www.goethe.de/ins/gb/lon/acv/wrt/2004/de79182.htm}
• Heinrich Eduard Jacob
  Heinrich Eduard Jacob
  Heinrich Eduard Jacob was a German and American journalist and author. Born to a Jewish family in Berlin and raised partly in Vienna, Jacob worked for two decades as a journalist and biographer before the rise to power of the Nazi Party...
  
  , writer and journalist
• Siegfried Jacobsohn
  Siegfried Jacobsohn
  Siegfried Jacobsohn was a German writer and influential theatre critic.- Life :Born in Berlin into a Jewish family, Jacobsohn decided at the age of 15 to become a theatre critic. In October 1897 he left school without gaining any diplomas and began studying at Friedrich-Wilhelm-University as it...
  
  , journalist and theater critic^{http://www.goethe.de/wis/pre/kub/kub/kwa/000/en157293.htm}
• Ruth Prawer Jhabvala
  Ruth Prawer Jhabvala
  Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, CBE is a Booker prize-winning novelist, short story writer, and two-time Academy Award-winning screenwriter. She is perhaps best known for her long collaboration with Merchant Ivory Productions, made up of director James Ivory and the late producer Ismail Merchant...
  
  , novelist and screenwriter^{http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/jhab.htm}
• Wladimir Kaminer
  Wladimir Kaminer
  Wladimir Kaminer is a Russian-born German short story writer, columnist, and disc jockey of Jewish origin.Kaminer was born in Moscow, and after initially training as an audio engineer for theatre and radio, then studied dramaturgy at the Moscow Institute of Theater...
  
  , short story writer^{http://www.goethe.de/ges/rel/dos/jul/en1418155.htm}
• Judith Kerr
  Judith Kerr
  Judith Kerr is a German-born British writer and illustrator who has created both enduring picture books such as the Mog series and The Tiger Who Came To Tea and acclaimed novels for older children such as the autobiographical When Hitler Stole Pink Rabbit which give a child's-eye view of the...
  
  , children's writer^{http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/lion_and_the_unicorn/v026/26.1sylvester.pdf}
• Victor Klemperer
  Victor Klemperer
  Victor Klemperer was a businessman, journalist and eventually a Professor of Literature, specialising in the French Enlightenment at the Technische Universität Dresden. His diaries detailing his life under successive German states—the German Empire, the Weimar Republic, Nazi Germany and the German...
  
  , writer
• Else Lasker-Schüler
  Else Lasker-Schüler
  Else Lasker-Schüler was a Jewish German poet and playwright famous for her bohemian lifestyle in Berlin. She was one of the few women affiliated with the Expressionist movement. Lasker-Schüler fled Nazi Germany and lived out the rest of her life in Jerusalem.-Biography:Schüler was born in...
  
  , writer, poet & artist^{http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/biography/v024/24.1lindenmeyer.html} (converted to Protestantism for job prospects)
• Claire Loewenfeld
  Claire Loewenfeld
  Claire Loewenfeld, born Lewisohn in Berlin, Germany was a nutritionist and herbalist who worked in England during and after the Second World War promoting the importance of good nutrition, most notably rosehips from Britain's hedgerows as a source of vitamin C...
  
  , writer and herbalist.
• Gila Lustiger, author^{http://www.agdok.de/GermanDocumentaries/gD178.htm}
• Erika Mann
  Erika Mann
  Erika Julia Hedwig Mann was a German actress and writer, the eldest daughter of novelist Thomas Mann and Katia Mann.-Life:...
  
  , writer, actress (Jewish mother)^{http://www.picture-newsletter.com/thomas-mann/index.htm}
• Klaus Mann
  Klaus Mann
  - Life and work :Born in Munich, Klaus Mann was the son of German writer Thomas Mann and his wife, Katia Pringsheim. His father was baptized as a Lutheran, while his mother was from a family of secular Jews. He began writing short stories in 1924 and the following year became drama critic for a...
  
  , writer (Jewish mother)^{http://www.picture-newsletter.com/thomas-mann/index.htm}
• Monika Mann
  Monika Mann
  Monika Mann was a German novelist.Born in Munich, she was the daughter of novelist Thomas Mann, sister to Klaus, Erika, Elisabeth, Michael and Golo Mann, and also a niece of the novelist Heinrich Mann....
  
  , writer (Jewish mother)^{http://www.picture-newsletter.com/thomas-mann/index.htm}
• Julius Mosen
  Julius Mosen
  Julius Mosen was a German poet and author of Jewish descent, associated with the Young Germany movement, and now remembered principally for his patriotic poem the Andreas-Hofer-Lied.-Life:...
  
  , born Moses ^{http://bible.tmtm.com/wiki/MOSEN_(MOSES),_JULIUS_(Jewish_Encyclopedia)}
• Erich Mühsam
  Erich Mühsam
  Erich Mühsam was a German-Jewish anarchist essayist, poet and playwright. He emerged at the end of World War I as one of the leading agitators for a federated Bavarian Soviet Republic....
  
  , anarchist poet^{http://www.ijpa.org/letter1nov00.htm}
• Henning Pawel, child-book author, writer.^{http://www.fbk-thueringen.jetzweb.de/Projekte/Stafette_Buch/Henning_Pawel/henning_pawel.html}
• Solomon Perel
  Solomon Perel
  Solomon Perel is an author and motivational speaker. He was born 21 April, 1925 in Peine, Lower Saxony, Germany to a German Jewish family. He escaped persecution by the Nazis by masquerading as an ethnic German...
  
  , author^{http://www.ushmm.org/research/center/publications/details.php?content=1997-02}
• Marcel Reich-Ranicki
  Marcel Reich-Ranicki
  Marcel Reich-Ranicki is a Polish-born German literary critic and member of the literary group Gruppe 47. He is regarded as one of the most influential contemporary literary critics in the field of German literature and therefore was in Germany often called the 'Pope of literature' .-Life:Marcel...
  
  , literary critic
• H. A. Rey
  H. A. Rey
  Hans Augusto "H.A." Rey , worked with his wife Margret Rey as authors and illustrators of children's books. They were best known for their Curious George series.-Curious George Book Series:Hans and Margret were both Jewish and of German birth...
  
   & Margret Rey
  Margret Rey
  Margret Elizabeth Rey , born Margarete Elisabeth Waldstein, was , the co-author and illustrator of children's books, the most famous of which are the Curious George series....
  
  , creators of Curious George
  Curious George
  Curious George is the protagonist of a series of popular children's books by the same name, written by Hans Augusto Rey and Margret Rey. The books feature a curious brown monkey named George, who is brought from his home in Africa by "The Man with The Yellow Hat" to live with him in a big city.When...
  
  ^{http://childrensbooks.about.com/od/authorsillustrato/fr/journeyrey.htm}
• Renate Rubinstein
  Renate Rubinstein
  Renate Ida Rubinstein was a German-Dutch writer, journalist and columnist.- Biography :Rubinstein was born in Berlin, Germany, to a Jewish father and non-Jewish mother...
  
   (Jewish father)^{https://www.nias.knaw.nl:10051/en/oudfellows/research_group_1999_2000/summaries_99_00/hans_goedkoop/}
• Nelly Sachs
  Nelly Sachs
  Nelly Sachs was a Jewish German poet and playwright whose experiences resulting from the rise of the Nazis in World War II Europe transformed her into a poignant spokeswoman for the grief and yearnings of her fellow Jews...
  
  , poet, Nobel Prize (1966)^{http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/nsachs.htm}
• Anna Seghers
  Anna Seghers
  Anna Seghers was a German writer famous for depicting the moral experience of the Second World War.- Life :...
  
  , novelist^{http://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=5460}
• Oskar Seidlin
  Oskar Seidlin
  Oskar Seidlin ; German-born American literary scholar, poet, and writer of children’s stories. He is also said to have co‑authored several detective novels or Kriminalromane in collaboration with Dieter Cunz and Richard Plant under the collective pen‑name of Stefan Brockhoff.Born Oskar Koplowitz...
  
  , writer ^{http://www.learningcalendar.com/this_day_in_history/days_template.cfm?history_id=57673}
• Rafael Seligmann, writer^{http://chronicle.uchicago.edu/950413/jews.shtml}
• Süßkind von Trimberg
  Süßkind von Trimberg
  thumb|230px|right|Süßkind, der Jude von Trimberg , portrait from the Codex Manesse.Süßkind von Trimberg is given as the author of six poems in the Codex Manesse...
  
  , middle age writer, minnesinger^{http://www.ceeol.com/aspx/getdocument.aspx?logid=5&id=D6D087A9-DD75-48F4-9A27-686D656B0130}
• Kurt Tucholsky
  Kurt Tucholsky
  Kurt Tucholsky was a German-Jewish journalist, satirist and writer. He also wrote under the pseudonyms Kaspar Hauser, Peter Panter, Theobald Tiger and Ignaz Wrobel. Born in Berlin-Moabit, he moved to Paris in 1924 and then to Sweden in 1930.Tucholsky was one of the most important journalists of...
  
  , writer (converted to Protestantism)^{http://www.taylorandfrancis.metapress.com/index/U83233WJT1285860.pdf}
• Samuel Ullman
  Samuel Ullman
  Samuel Ullman was an American businessman, poet, humanitarian. He is best known today for his poem Youth which was a favorite of General Douglas MacArthur. The poem was on the wall of his office in Tokyo when he became Supreme Allied Commander in Japan...
  
  , poet ^{http://www.alabamamoments.state.al.us/sec31det.html}
• Rahel Varnhagen
  Rahel Varnhagen
  Rahel Antonie Friederike Varnhagen née Levin later Robert was a German-Jewish writer who hosted one of the most prominent salons in Europe during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. She is the subject of a celebrated biography, Rahel Varnhagen: The Life of a Jewess written by Hannah Arendt...
  
  , writer and saloniste (converted to Christianity)
• Moritz Callmann Wahl
  Moritz Callmann Wahl
  -Biography:He was born in Sondershausen, Germany on March 28, 1829. He studied Oriental languages at Leipzig under Julius Fürst and Heinrich Leberecht Fleischer. Later he taught for a time at an English school, and later was a correspondent in a business house at Lyon, France. He settled at Erfurt,...
  
  
• Jakob Wassermann
  Jakob Wassermann
  Jakob Wassermann was a Jewish-German writer and novelist.- Life :Born in Fürth, Wassermann was the son of a shopkeeper and lost his mother at an early age. He showed literary interest early and published various pieces in small newspapers...
  
  , novelist^{http://www.taylorandfrancis.metapress.com/index/H2MXP9GKBNTBLBNU.pdf}
• Trude Weiss-Rosmarin
  Trude Weiss-Rosmarin
  Trude Weiss-Rosmarin was a Jewish-German-American writer, editor, scholar, and feminist activist. With her husband, she co-founded the School of the Jewish Woman in New York in 1933, and in 1939 founded the Jewish Spectator, a quarterly magazine, which she edited for 50 years.She was the author of...
  
  
• Jeanette Wohl
  Jeanette Wohl
  Jeanette Wohl was a longtime friend and correspondent of Ludwig Börne. She inherited the rights to his literary works after his death and edited his works...
  
  ^{http://www.judaistik.uni-frankfurt.de/aktuellarchiv/008_aktuell-ss02.html}
• Friedrich Wolf, writer, physician^{http://www.umass.edu/defa/filmtour/sjprofmamlock.shtml}
• Carl Zuckmayer
  Carl Zuckmayer
  Carl Zuckmayer was a German writer and playwright.-Biography:Born in Nackenheim in Rheinhessen, he was four years old when his family moved to Mainz. With the outbreak of World War I, he finished school with a facilitated "emergency"-Abitur and volunteered for military service...
  
  , playwright (Jewish mother)^{http://www.content-space.de/textpattern/artikel/the-immigration-of-carl-zuckmayer-into-the-usa}
• Arnold Zweig
  Arnold Zweig
  Arnold Zweig was a German writer and anti-war activist.He is best known for his World War I tetralogy.-Life and work:Zweig was born in Glogau, Silesia son of a Jewish saddler...
  
  , writer^{http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9078514/Arnold-Zweig}
• Stefanie Zweig
  Stefanie Zweig
  Stefanie Zweig Stefanie Zweig Stefanie Zweig (born 19 September 1932, Leobschütz (now Głubczyce, Upper Silesia) is a German Jewish writer.- Background :Zweig is best known for her autobiographical novel, Nirgendwo in Afrika (Nowhere in Africa, 1998), based on her early life in Kenya, which was...
  
  , novelist^{http://www.somethingjewish.co.uk/articles/73_interview_with_stefa.htm}

Entrepreneurs

See also Court Jew

Court Jew

Court Jew is a term, typically applied to the Early Modern period, for historical Jewish bankers who handled the finances of, or lent money to, European royalty and nobility....

s

• Alfred Beit
  Alfred Beit
  Alfred Beit was a German, British South African, Jewish gold and diamond magnate, a supporter of British imperialism in Southern Africa and a major donor towards infrastructure development in central and Southern Africa, and to university education and research in several countries.- Life and...
  
  , financier
• Sir Ernest Cassel
  Ernest Cassel
  Sir Ernest Joseph Cassel, GCB, GCMG, GCVO, PC was a German-born British merchant banker and capitalist.-Biography:...
  
  , banker
• Maurice de Hirsch
  Maurice de Hirsch
  Maurice de Hirsch was a German-Jewish philanthropist who set up charitable foundations to promote Jewish education and improve the lot of oppressed European Jewry. He was the founder of the Jewish Colonization Association which sponsored large-scale Jewish immigration to Argentina...
  
  , banker
• Sir Robert Mayer, German-born businessman and philanthropist ^{http://ajcarchives.org/AJC_DATA/Files/1987_7_WestEurope.pdf}
• Stef Wertheimer
  Stef Wertheimer
  Stef Wertheimer is a German-born Israeli entrepreneur and industrialist, a former Member of the Knesset, and is well known for founding industrial parks in Israel and neighboring countries.-Early life:Wertheimer was born in Kippenheim, Germany...
  
   http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_go1652/is_200403/ai_n5987000 "77 year old German-born Stef Wertheimer"
• Hugo Reiss
• Abraham Kuhn and Solomon Loeb
  Solomon Loeb
  Solomon Loeb was a German American merchant in textiles and later a banker with Kuhn, Loeb & Co.. His father, a devout Jew, had been a small corn- and wine-dealer in Worms, which belonged to the Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine. S. Loeb emigrated to the United States in 1849. He settled in...
  
  , founders of Kuhn, Loeb & Co.
  Kuhn, Loeb & Co.
  Kuhn, Loeb & Co. was a bulge bracket, investment bank founded in 1867 by Abraham Kuhn and Solomon Loeb. Under the leadership of Jacob H. Schiff, it grew to be one of the most influential investment banks in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, financing America's expanding railways and growth...
  
  
• Gustav Wilhelm Wolff
  Gustav Wilhelm Wolff
  Gustav Wilhelm Wolff was a British shipbuilder and politician. Born in Hamburg, he moved to Liverpool in 1849 to live with his uncle, Gustav Christian Schwabe...
  
  , founder of Harland and Wolff
  Harland and Wolff
  Harland and Wolff Heavy Industries is a Northern Irish heavy industrial company, specialising in shipbuilding and offshore construction, located in Belfast, Northern Ireland....
  
  ^{http://www.culturenorthernireland.org/article.aspx?county=14&articleID=1890&cultID=25&townID=0&cultSubID=0&page=0&navID=5}

Sports

• Rudi Ball
  Rudi Ball
  Rudi Victor Ball was a champion ice hockey player.Ball was born in Berlin, Germany and died in Johannesburg, South Africa....
  
  , ice hockey player, right wing, Olympic bronze, world runner-up, bronze^{http://www.sihss.se/RudiBallbiography.htm}
• Gretel Bergmann
  Gretel Bergmann
  Gretel Bergmann, also known as Margaret Bergmann-Lambert is a German-born athlete who competed as a high jumper during the 1930s.-Biography:Bergmann was born in Laupheim, Germany, where she later began her career in athletics...
  
  , high jumper^{http://www.jewishsports.net/PillarAchievementBios/GretelBergmann.htm}
• Hans Berliner
  Hans Berliner
  Hans Jack Berliner , a Professor of , is a former World Correspondence Chess Champion, from 1965–68. He is a Grandmaster of Correspondence Chess, and an International Master for over-the-board chess. He directed the construction of the chess computer HiTech. Berliner is also a chess writer.-Life...
  
  , world postal chess champion^{http://www.jinfo.org/Chess_Players.html}
• Barney Dreyfuss
  Barney Dreyfuss
  Bernhard "Barney" Dreyfuss was an executive in Major League Baseball who owned the Pittsburgh Pirates franchise from 1900 to 1932....
  
  , co-founder of the World Series
  World Series
  The World Series is the annual championship series of Major League Baseball, played between the American League and National League champions since 1903. The winner of the World Series championship is determined through a best-of-seven playoff and awarded the Commissioner's Trophy...
  
  ^{http://www.jbuff.com/c111303.htm}
• Alfred Flatow
  Alfred Flatow
  Alfred Flatow was a German gymnast. He competed at the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens. He was Jewish....
  
  , 3x Olympic gymnastics champion (parallel bars, team parallel bars, team horizontal bar), silver (horizontal bar
  Horizontal bar
  The high bar, also known as the horizontal bar, is an apparatus used by male gymnasts in Artistic Gymnastics. It traditionally consists of a cylindrical metal bar that is rigidly held above and parallel to the floor by a system of cables and stiff vertical supports. Gymnasts typically wear leather...
  
  )
• Gustav Felix Flatow
  Gustav Flatow
  Gustav Felix Flatow was a German gymnast. He competed at the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens and at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris....
  
  , 2x Olympic gymnastics champion (team parallel bars, team horizontal bar)
• Gottfried Fuchs
  Gottfried Fuchs
  Gottfried Fuchs was a German footballer. A German Jew, he fled Germany because of The Holocaust and emigrated to Canada...
  
  , soccer player, (German national team)^{http://www.farenet.org/news_article.asp?intNewsID=752}
• Ludwig Guttmann
  Ludwig Guttmann
  Sir Ludwig "Poppa" Guttmann CBE, FRS was a German neurologist who founded the Paralympic Games while living in England, and is considered one of the founding fathers of organized physical activities for people with a disability....
  
  , founder of the Paralympics^{http://www.jewishsports.net/biopages/LudwigPoppaGuttmann.htm}
• Lilli Henoch
  Lilli Henoch
  Lilli Henoch was a German track and field athlete who set four world records and won 10 German national championships, in four different disciplines....
  
  , world records (discus, shot put, and 4x100-m relay); shot by the Nazis in Latvia
• Bernhard Horwitz
  Bernhard Horwitz
  Bernhard Horwitz was a German English chess master and chess writer.Horwitz was born in Neustrelitz, and went to school in Berlin, where he studied art. From 1837 to 1843, he was part of a group of German chess players known as "The Pleiades".He moved to London in 1845...
  
  , chess player^{http://www.jinfo.org/Chess_Players.html}
• Herbert Klein
  Herbert Klein (swimmer)
  Herbert Klein was a German swimmer.He won the 200 Metres Breaststroke at the 1950 European Aquatics Championships in Vienna and in the bronze medal in the 200 Metres Breaststroke at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki...
  
  , swimmer, Olympic bronze (200-m breaststroke); 3 world records
• Emanuel Lasker
  Emanuel Lasker
  Emanuel Lasker was a German chess player, mathematician, and philosopher who was World Chess Champion for 27 years...
  
  , world chess champion^{http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Lasker.html}
• Henry Laskau
  Henry Laskau
  Helmut Laskau has been called the greatest racewalker in U.S. track and field history. Born in Berlin, Germany Laskau was a top distance runner in his native Germany before being forced to leave that country in by the Nazis in 1938. He moved to the United States and served in the U.S...
  
  , racewalker, won 42 national titles; Pan American champion; 4x Maccabiah champion
• Helene Mayer
  Helene Mayer
  Helene Mayer was a world champion Olympic fencer who competed for Nazi Germany in the 1936 Summer Olympics, despite having been forced to leave Germany and resettle in the United States because she was of Jewish family background.She was Jewish, and was born in Offenbach am Main.-Fencing...
  
  , foil fencer (Jewish father), Olympic champion^{http://www.amazon.com/dp/157143092X}
• Sarah Poewe
  Sarah Poewe
  Sarah Poewe is an Olympic Breaststroke swimmer, who has swum internationally for both South Africa and Germany....
  
  , swimmer (Jewish mother), Olympic bronze (4x100 medley relay)^{http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Poewe.html}
• Daniel Prenn
  Daniel Prenn
  Dr. Daniel Prenn was a German and British tennis player. Prenn was inducted into the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 1981.-External links:**...
  
  , tennis player, highest world ranking # 6^{http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/olympics.html}
• Siegbert Tarrasch
  Siegbert Tarrasch
  Siegbert Tarrasch was one of the strongest chess players and most influential chess teachers of the late 19th century and early 20th century....
  
  , chess player^{http://www.ballo.de/tarrasch_english.htm}

Literature

• Walter Tetzlaff, ed. "2000 Kurzbiographien bedeutender deutscher Juden des 20. Jahrhunderts" (Lindhorst: Askania, 1982).

See also

• History of the Jews in Germany
  History of the Jews in Germany
  The presence of Jews in Germany has been established since the early 4th century. The community prospered under Charlemagne, but suffered during the Crusades...
  
  
• List of Austrians
• List of Austrian Jews
• List of Czech, Bohemian, Moravian and Slovak Jews
• List of Germans
• List of Galician Jews
• Lists of Jews