Move Cast certificate verification code from extensions to components.

The Cast certificate verification code was previously only used by the
Cast extension. Cast platform would also like to use this code. It did
not make sense to leave this code in extensions as extensions is disabled
on platforms like Android while Cast supports Android TVs.

This CL moves //extensions/common/cast to //components/cast_certificate.
The associated unittests are now included in the components unittests.
Test data for these unittests relocated from //extensions/test/data to
//components/test/data.

BUG=607373

Review-Url: https://codereview.chromium.org/1924323002
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/master@{#391834}
44 files changed