chrome/browser/extensions/extension_service.cc

// Copyright (c) 2013 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

#include "chrome/browser/extensions/extension_service.h"

#include <stddef.h>

#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>
#include <memory>
#include <set>
#include <utility>

#include "base/command_line.h"
#include "base/location.h"
#include "base/metrics/histogram_macros.h"
#include "base/single_thread_task_runner.h"
#include "base/strings/string_number_conversions.h"
#include "base/strings/string_tokenizer.h"
#include "base/strings/stringprintf.h"
#include "base/strings/utf_string_conversions.h"
#include "base/threading/sequenced_worker_pool.h"
#include "base/threading/thread_restrictions.h"
#include "base/threading/thread_task_runner_handle.h"
#include "base/time/time.h"
#include "base/trace_event/trace_event.h"
#include "build/build_config.h"
#include "chrome/browser/browser_process.h"
#include "chrome/browser/chrome_notification_types.h"
#include "chrome/browser/content_settings/content_settings_internal_extension_provider.h"
#include "chrome/browser/extensions/api/content_settings/content_settings_custom_extension_provider.h"
#include "chrome/browser/extensions/api/content_settings/content_settings_service.h"
#include "chrome/browser/extensions/app_data_migrator.h"
#include "chrome/browser/extensions/component_loader.h"
#include "chrome/browser/extensions/crx_installer.h"
#include "chrome/browser/extensions/data_deleter.h"
#include "chrome/browser/extensions/extension_action_storage_manager.h"
#include "chrome/browser/extensions/extension_assets_manager.h"
#include "chrome/browser/extensions/extension_disabled_ui.h"
#include "chrome/browser/extensions/extension_error_controller.h"
#include "chrome/browser/extensions/extension_special_storage_policy.h"
#include "chrome/browser/extensions/extension_sync_service.h"
#include "chrome/browser/extensions/extension_util.h"
#include "chrome/browser/extensions/external_install_manager.h"
#include "chrome/browser/extensions/external_provider_impl.h"
#include "chrome/browser/extensions/install_verifier.h"
#include "chrome/browser/extensions/installed_loader.h"
#include "chrome/browser/extensions/pending_extension_manager.h"
#include "chrome/browser/extensions/permissions_updater.h"
#include "chrome/browser/extensions/shared_module_service.h"
#include "chrome/browser/extensions/unpacked_installer.h"
#include "chrome/browser/extensions/updater/chrome_extension_downloader_factory.h"
#include "chrome/browser/extensions/updater/extension_updater.h"
#include "chrome/browser/google/google_brand.h"
#include "chrome/browser/profiles/profile.h"
#include "chrome/browser/search/thumbnail_source.h"
#include "chrome/browser/ui/webui/extensions/extension_icon_source.h"
#include "chrome/browser/ui/webui/favicon_source.h"
#include "chrome/browser/ui/webui/theme_source.h"
#include "chrome/common/chrome_switches.h"
#include "chrome/common/crash_keys.h"
#include "chrome/common/extensions/extension_constants.h"
#include "chrome/common/url_constants.h"
#include "components/content_settings/core/browser/host_content_settings_map.h"
#include "components/crx_file/id_util.h"
#include "content/public/browser/devtools_agent_host.h"
#include "content/public/browser/notification_service.h"
#include "content/public/browser/render_process_host.h"
#include "content/public/browser/storage_partition.h"
#include "extensions/browser/app_sorting.h"
#include "extensions/browser/event_router.h"
#include "extensions/browser/extension_host.h"
#include "extensions/browser/extension_registry.h"
#include "extensions/browser/extension_system.h"
#include "extensions/browser/extensions_browser_client.h"
#include "extensions/browser/external_install_info.h"
#include "extensions/browser/install_flag.h"
#include "extensions/browser/renderer_startup_helper.h"
#include "extensions/browser/runtime_data.h"
#include "extensions/browser/uninstall_reason.h"
#include "extensions/browser/update_observer.h"
#include "extensions/browser/updater/extension_cache.h"
#include "extensions/browser/updater/extension_downloader.h"
#include "extensions/common/extension_messages.h"
#include "extensions/common/extension_urls.h"
#include "extensions/common/feature_switch.h"
#include "extensions/common/features/feature_channel.h"
#include "extensions/common/file_util.h"
#include "extensions/common/manifest_constants.h"
#include "extensions/common/manifest_handlers/background_info.h"
#include "extensions/common/manifest_url_handlers.h"
#include "extensions/common/one_shot_event.h"
#include "extensions/common/permissions/api_permission.h"
#include "extensions/common/permissions/permission_message_provider.h"
#include "extensions/common/permissions/permissions_data.h"

#if defined(ENABLE_SUPERVISED_USERS)
#include "chrome/browser/supervised_user/supervised_user_service.h"
#include "chrome/browser/supervised_user/supervised_user_service_factory.h"
#endif

#if defined(OS_CHROMEOS)
#include "chrome/browser/chromeos/extensions/install_limiter.h"
#include "storage/browser/fileapi/file_system_backend.h"
#include "storage/browser/fileapi/file_system_context.h"
#endif

using content::BrowserContext;
using content::BrowserThread;
using content::DevToolsAgentHost;
using extensions::APIPermission;
using extensions::AppSorting;
using extensions::CrxInstaller;
using extensions::Extension;
using extensions::ExtensionIdSet;
using extensions::ExtensionInfo;
using extensions::ExtensionRegistry;
using extensions::ExtensionSet;
using extensions::ExternalInstallInfoFile;
using extensions::ExternalInstallInfoUpdateUrl;
using extensions::ExternalProviderInterface;
using extensions::FeatureSwitch;
using extensions::InstallVerifier;
using extensions::ManagementPolicy;
using extensions::Manifest;
using extensions::PermissionID;
using extensions::PermissionIDSet;
using extensions::PermissionSet;
using extensions::SharedModuleInfo;
using extensions::SharedModuleService;
using extensions::UnloadedExtensionInfo;

namespace {

// Wait this many seconds after an extensions becomes idle before updating it.
const int kUpdateIdleDelay = 5;

}  // namespace

// ExtensionService.

void ExtensionService::CheckExternalUninstall(const std::string& id) {
  CHECK(BrowserThread::CurrentlyOn(BrowserThread::UI));

  // Check if the providers know about this extension.
  for (const auto& provider : external_extension_providers_) {
    DCHECK(provider->IsReady());
    if (provider->HasExtension(id))
      return;  // Yup, known extension, don't uninstall.
  }

  // We get the list of external extensions to check from preferences.
  // It is possible that an extension has preferences but is not loaded.
  // For example, an extension that requires experimental permissions
  // will not be loaded if the experimental command line flag is not used.
  // In this case, do not uninstall.
  if (!GetInstalledExtension(id)) {
    // We can't call UninstallExtension with an unloaded/invalid
    // extension ID.
    LOG(WARNING) << "Attempted uninstallation of unloaded/invalid extension "
                 << "with id: " << id;
    return;
  }
  UninstallExtension(id,
                     extensions::UNINSTALL_REASON_ORPHANED_EXTERNAL_EXTENSION,
                     base::Bind(&base::DoNothing), nullptr);
}

void ExtensionService::SetFileTaskRunnerForTesting(
    const scoped_refptr<base::SequencedTaskRunner>& task_runner) {
  file_task_runner_ = task_runner;
}

void ExtensionService::ClearProvidersForTesting() {
  external_extension_providers_.clear();
}

void ExtensionService::AddProviderForTesting(
    std::unique_ptr<ExternalProviderInterface> test_provider) {
  CHECK(test_provider);
  external_extension_providers_.push_back(std::move(test_provider));
}

void ExtensionService::BlacklistExtensionForTest(
    const std::string& extension_id) {
  ExtensionIdSet blacklisted;
  ExtensionIdSet unchanged;
  blacklisted.insert(extension_id);
  UpdateBlacklistedExtensions(blacklisted, unchanged);
}

bool ExtensionService::OnExternalExtensionUpdateUrlFound(
    const ExternalInstallInfoUpdateUrl& info,
    bool is_initial_load) {
  CHECK(BrowserThread::CurrentlyOn(BrowserThread::UI));
  CHECK(crx_file::id_util::IdIsValid(info.extension_id));

  if (Manifest::IsExternalLocation(info.download_location)) {
    // All extensions that are not user specific can be cached.
    extensions::ExtensionsBrowserClient::Get()
        ->GetExtensionCache()
        ->AllowCaching(info.extension_id);
  }

  const Extension* extension = GetExtensionById(info.extension_id, true);
  if (extension) {
    // Already installed. Skip this install if the current location has higher
    // priority than |info.download_location|, and we aren't doing a
    // reinstall of a corrupt policy force-installed extension.
    Manifest::Location current = extension->location();
    if (!pending_extension_manager_.IsPolicyReinstallForCorruptionExpected(
            info.extension_id) &&
        current == Manifest::GetHigherPriorityLocation(
                       current, info.download_location)) {
      return false;
    }
    // Otherwise, overwrite the current installation.
  }

  // Add |info.extension_id| to the set of pending extensions.  If it can not
  // be added, then there is already a pending record from a higher-priority
  // install source.  In this case, signal that this extension will not be
  // installed by returning false.
  if (!pending_extension_manager()->AddFromExternalUpdateUrl(
          info.extension_id, info.install_parameter, *info.update_url,
          info.download_location, info.creation_flags,
          info.mark_acknowledged)) {
    return false;
  }

  if (is_initial_load)
    update_once_all_providers_are_ready_ = true;
  return true;
}

void ExtensionService::OnExternalProviderUpdateComplete(
    const ExternalProviderInterface* provider,
    const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ExternalInstallInfoUpdateUrl>>&
        update_url_extensions,
    const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ExternalInstallInfoFile>>&
        file_extensions,
    const std::set<std::string>& removed_extensions) {
  // Update pending_extension_manager() with the new extensions first.
  for (const auto& extension : update_url_extensions)
    OnExternalExtensionUpdateUrlFound(*extension, false);
  for (const auto& extension : file_extensions)
    OnExternalExtensionFileFound(*extension);

#if DCHECK_IS_ON()
  for (const std::string& id : removed_extensions) {
    for (const auto& extension : update_url_extensions)
      DCHECK_NE(id, extension->extension_id);
    for (const auto& extension : file_extensions)
      DCHECK_NE(id, extension->extension_id);
  }
#endif

  // Then uninstall before running |updater_|.
  for (const std::string& id : removed_extensions)
    CheckExternalUninstall(id);

  if (!update_url_extensions.empty() && updater_) {
    // Empty params will cause pending extensions to be updated.
    extensions::ExtensionUpdater::CheckParams empty_params;
    updater_->CheckNow(empty_params);
  }

  error_controller_->ShowErrorIfNeeded();
  external_install_manager_->UpdateExternalExtensionAlert();
}

// static
// This function is used to uninstall an extension via sync.  The LOG statements
// within this function are used to inform the user if the uninstall cannot be
// done.
bool ExtensionService::UninstallExtensionHelper(
    ExtensionService* extensions_service,
    const std::string& extension_id,
    extensions::UninstallReason reason) {
  // We can't call UninstallExtension with an invalid extension ID.
  if (!extensions_service->GetInstalledExtension(extension_id)) {
    LOG(WARNING) << "Attempted uninstallation of non-existent extension with "
                 << "id: " << extension_id;
    return false;
  }

  // The following call to UninstallExtension will not allow an uninstall of a
  // policy-controlled extension.
  base::string16 error;
  if (!extensions_service->UninstallExtension(
          extension_id, reason, base::Bind(&base::DoNothing), &error)) {
    LOG(WARNING) << "Cannot uninstall extension with id " << extension_id
                 << ": " << error;
    return false;
  }

  return true;
}

ExtensionService::ExtensionService(Profile* profile,
                                   const base::CommandLine* command_line,
                                   const base::FilePath& install_directory,
                                   extensions::ExtensionPrefs* extension_prefs,
                                   extensions::Blacklist* blacklist,
                                   bool autoupdate_enabled,
                                   bool extensions_enabled,
                                   extensions::OneShotEvent* ready)
    : extensions::Blacklist::Observer(blacklist),
      command_line_(command_line),
      profile_(profile),
      system_(extensions::ExtensionSystem::Get(profile)),
      extension_prefs_(extension_prefs),
      blacklist_(blacklist),
      registry_(extensions::ExtensionRegistry::Get(profile)),
      pending_extension_manager_(profile),
      install_directory_(install_directory),
      extensions_enabled_(extensions_enabled),
      ready_(ready),
      shared_module_service_(new extensions::SharedModuleService(profile_)),
      renderer_helper_(
          extensions::RendererStartupHelperFactory::GetForBrowserContext(
              profile_)),
      app_data_migrator_(new extensions::AppDataMigrator(profile_, registry_)) {
  CHECK(BrowserThread::CurrentlyOn(BrowserThread::UI));
  TRACE_EVENT0("browser,startup", "ExtensionService::ExtensionService::ctor");

  // Figure out if extension installation should be enabled.
  if (extensions::ExtensionsBrowserClient::Get()->AreExtensionsDisabled(
          *command_line, profile))
    extensions_enabled_ = false;

  registrar_.Add(this, chrome::NOTIFICATION_APP_TERMINATING,
                 content::NotificationService::AllBrowserContextsAndSources());
  registrar_.Add(this,
                 extensions::NOTIFICATION_EXTENSION_PROCESS_TERMINATED,
                 content::NotificationService::AllBrowserContextsAndSources());
  registrar_.Add(this, content::NOTIFICATION_RENDERER_PROCESS_TERMINATED,
                 content::NotificationService::AllBrowserContextsAndSources());
  registrar_.Add(this, chrome::NOTIFICATION_UPGRADE_RECOMMENDED,
                 content::NotificationService::AllBrowserContextsAndSources());
  registrar_.Add(this,
                 chrome::NOTIFICATION_PROFILE_DESTRUCTION_STARTED,
                 content::Source<Profile>(profile_));

  extensions::ExtensionManagementFactory::GetForBrowserContext(profile_)
      ->AddObserver(this);

  // Set up the ExtensionUpdater.
  if (autoupdate_enabled) {
    int update_frequency = extensions::kDefaultUpdateFrequencySeconds;
    if (command_line->HasSwitch(switches::kExtensionsUpdateFrequency)) {
      base::StringToInt(command_line->GetSwitchValueASCII(
          switches::kExtensionsUpdateFrequency),
          &update_frequency);
    }
    updater_.reset(new extensions::ExtensionUpdater(
        this,
        extension_prefs,
        profile->GetPrefs(),
        profile,
        update_frequency,
        extensions::ExtensionsBrowserClient::Get()->GetExtensionCache(),
        base::Bind(ChromeExtensionDownloaderFactory::CreateForProfile,
                   profile)));
  }

  component_loader_.reset(
      new extensions::ComponentLoader(this,
                                      profile->GetPrefs(),
                                      g_browser_process->local_state(),
                                      profile));

  if (extensions_enabled_) {
    extensions::ExternalProviderImpl::CreateExternalProviders(
        this, profile_, &external_extension_providers_);
  }

  // Set this as the ExtensionService for app sorting to ensure it causes syncs
  // if required.
  is_first_run_ = !extension_prefs_->SetAlertSystemFirstRun();

  error_controller_.reset(
      new extensions::ExtensionErrorController(profile_, is_first_run_));
  external_install_manager_.reset(
      new extensions::ExternalInstallManager(profile_, is_first_run_));

  extension_action_storage_manager_.reset(
      new extensions::ExtensionActionStorageManager(profile_));

  // How long is the path to the Extensions directory?
  UMA_HISTOGRAM_CUSTOM_COUNTS("Extensions.ExtensionRootPathLength",
                              install_directory_.value().length(), 1, 500, 100);
}

extensions::PendingExtensionManager*
    ExtensionService::pending_extension_manager() {
  return &pending_extension_manager_;
}

ExtensionService::~ExtensionService() {
  // No need to unload extensions here because they are profile-scoped, and the
  // profile is in the process of being deleted.
  for (const auto& provider : external_extension_providers_)
    provider->ServiceShutdown();
}

void ExtensionService::Shutdown() {
  extensions::ExtensionManagementFactory::GetInstance()
      ->GetForBrowserContext(profile())
      ->RemoveObserver(this);
}

const Extension* ExtensionService::GetExtensionById(
    const std::string& id, bool include_disabled) const {
  int include_mask = ExtensionRegistry::ENABLED;
  if (include_disabled) {
    // Include blacklisted and blocked extensions here because there are
    // hundreds of callers of this function, and many might assume that this
    // includes those that have been disabled due to blacklisting or blocking.
    include_mask |= ExtensionRegistry::DISABLED |
                    ExtensionRegistry::BLACKLISTED | ExtensionRegistry::BLOCKED;
  }
  return registry_->GetExtensionById(id, include_mask);
}

void ExtensionService::Init() {
  CHECK(BrowserThread::CurrentlyOn(BrowserThread::UI));
  TRACE_EVENT0("browser,startup", "ExtensionService::Init");
  SCOPED_UMA_HISTOGRAM_TIMER("Extensions.ExtensionServiceInitTime");

  DCHECK(!is_ready());  // Can't redo init.
  DCHECK_EQ(registry_->enabled_extensions().size(), 0u);

  // LoadAllExtensions() calls OnLoadedInstalledExtensions().
  component_loader_->LoadAll();
  extensions::InstalledLoader(this).LoadAllExtensions();
  LoadExtensionsFromCommandLineFlag(switches::kDisableExtensionsExcept);
  if (extensions_enabled_)
    LoadExtensionsFromCommandLineFlag(switches::kLoadExtension);
  EnabledReloadableExtensions();
  MaybeFinishShutdownDelayed();
  SetReadyAndNotifyListeners();

  // TODO(erikkay): this should probably be deferred to a future point
  // rather than running immediately at startup.
  CheckForExternalUpdates();

  LoadGreylistFromPrefs();
}

void ExtensionService::EnabledReloadableExtensions() {
  TRACE_EVENT0("browser,startup",
               "ExtensionService::EnabledReloadableExtensions");

  std::vector<std::string> extensions_to_enable;
  for (const auto& e : registry_->disabled_extensions()) {
    if (extension_prefs_->GetDisableReasons(e->id()) ==
        Extension::DISABLE_RELOAD)
      extensions_to_enable.push_back(e->id());
  }
  for (const std::string& extension : extensions_to_enable) {
    EnableExtension(extension);
  }
}

void ExtensionService::MaybeFinishShutdownDelayed() {
  TRACE_EVENT0("browser,startup",
               "ExtensionService::MaybeFinishShutdownDelayed");

  std::unique_ptr<extensions::ExtensionPrefs::ExtensionsInfo> delayed_info(
      extension_prefs_->GetAllDelayedInstallInfo());
  for (size_t i = 0; i < delayed_info->size(); ++i) {
    ExtensionInfo* info = delayed_info->at(i).get();
    scoped_refptr<const Extension> extension(nullptr);
    if (info->extension_manifest) {
      std::string error;
      extension = Extension::Create(
          info->extension_path, info->extension_location,
          *info->extension_manifest,
          extension_prefs_->GetDelayedInstallCreationFlags(info->extension_id),
          info->extension_id, &error);
      if (extension.get())
        delayed_installs_.Insert(extension);
    }
  }
  MaybeFinishDelayedInstallations();
  std::unique_ptr<extensions::ExtensionPrefs::ExtensionsInfo> delayed_info2(
      extension_prefs_->GetAllDelayedInstallInfo());
  UMA_HISTOGRAM_COUNTS_100("Extensions.UpdateOnLoad",
                           delayed_info2->size() - delayed_info->size());
}

void ExtensionService::LoadGreylistFromPrefs() {
  TRACE_EVENT0("browser,startup", "ExtensionService::LoadGreylistFromPrefs");

  std::unique_ptr<ExtensionSet> all_extensions =
      registry_->GenerateInstalledExtensionsSet();

  for (const auto& extension : *all_extensions) {
    const extensions::BlacklistState state =
        extension_prefs_->GetExtensionBlacklistState(extension->id());
    if (state == extensions::BLACKLISTED_SECURITY_VULNERABILITY ||
        state == extensions::BLACKLISTED_POTENTIALLY_UNWANTED ||
        state == extensions::BLACKLISTED_CWS_POLICY_VIOLATION)
      greylist_.Insert(extension);
  }
}

bool ExtensionService::UpdateExtension(const extensions::CRXFileInfo& file,
                                       bool file_ownership_passed,
                                       CrxInstaller** out_crx_installer) {
  CHECK(BrowserThread::CurrentlyOn(BrowserThread::UI));
  if (browser_terminating_) {
    LOG(WARNING) << "Skipping UpdateExtension due to browser shutdown";
    // Leak the temp file at extension_path. We don't want to add to the disk
    // I/O burden at shutdown, we can't rely on the I/O completing anyway, and
    // the file is in the OS temp directory which should be cleaned up for us.
    return false;
  }

  const std::string& id = file.extension_id;

  const extensions::PendingExtensionInfo* pending_extension_info =
      pending_extension_manager()->GetById(id);

  const Extension* extension = GetInstalledExtension(id);
  if (!pending_extension_info && !extension) {
    LOG(WARNING) << "Will not update extension " << id
                 << " because it is not installed or pending";
    // Delete extension_path since we're not creating a CrxInstaller
    // that would do it for us.
    if (file_ownership_passed &&
        !GetFileTaskRunner()->PostTask(
            FROM_HERE,
            base::Bind(&extensions::file_util::DeleteFile, file.path, false)))
      NOTREACHED();

    return false;
  }

  scoped_refptr<CrxInstaller> installer(CrxInstaller::CreateSilent(this));
  installer->set_expected_id(id);
  installer->set_expected_hash(file.expected_hash);
  int creation_flags = Extension::NO_FLAGS;
  if (pending_extension_info) {
    installer->set_install_source(pending_extension_info->install_source());
    installer->set_allow_silent_install(true);
    // If the extension came in disabled due to a permission increase, then
    // don't grant it all the permissions. crbug.com/484214
    bool has_permissions_increase =
        extensions::ExtensionPrefs::Get(profile_)->HasDisableReason(
            id, Extension::DISABLE_PERMISSIONS_INCREASE);
    const base::Version& expected_version = pending_extension_info->version();
    if (has_permissions_increase ||
        pending_extension_info->remote_install() ||
        !expected_version.IsValid()) {
      installer->set_grant_permissions(false);
    } else {
      installer->set_expected_version(expected_version,
                                      false /* fail_install_if_unexpected */);
    }
    creation_flags = pending_extension_info->creation_flags();
    if (pending_extension_info->mark_acknowledged())
      external_install_manager_->AcknowledgeExternalExtension(id);
  } else if (extension) {
    installer->set_install_source(extension->location());
  }
  // If the extension was installed from or has migrated to the webstore, or
  // its auto-update URL is from the webstore, treat it as a webstore install.
  // Note that we ignore some older extensions with blank auto-update URLs
  // because we are mostly concerned with restrictions on NaCl extensions,
  // which are newer.
  if ((extension && extension->from_webstore()) ||
      (extension && extensions::ManifestURL::UpdatesFromGallery(extension)) ||
      (!extension && extension_urls::IsWebstoreUpdateUrl(
           pending_extension_info->update_url()))) {
    creation_flags |= Extension::FROM_WEBSTORE;
  }

  // Bookmark apps being updated is kind of a contradiction, but that's because
  // we mark the default apps as bookmark apps, and they're hosted in the web
  // store, thus they can get updated. See http://crbug.com/101605 for more
  // details.
  if (extension && extension->from_bookmark())
    creation_flags |= Extension::FROM_BOOKMARK;

  if (extension && extension->was_installed_by_default())
    creation_flags |= Extension::WAS_INSTALLED_BY_DEFAULT;

  if (extension && extension->was_installed_by_oem())
    creation_flags |= Extension::WAS_INSTALLED_BY_OEM;

  if (extension)
    installer->set_do_not_sync(extension_prefs_->DoNotSync(id));

  installer->set_creation_flags(creation_flags);

  installer->set_delete_source(file_ownership_passed);
  installer->set_install_cause(extension_misc::INSTALL_CAUSE_UPDATE);
  installer->InstallCrxFile(file);

  if (out_crx_installer)
    *out_crx_installer = installer.get();

  return true;
}

void ExtensionService::LoadExtensionsFromCommandLineFlag(
    const char* switch_name) {
  if (command_line_->HasSwitch(switch_name)) {
    base::CommandLine::StringType path_list =
        command_line_->GetSwitchValueNative(switch_name);
    base::StringTokenizerT<base::CommandLine::StringType,
                           base::CommandLine::StringType::const_iterator>
        t(path_list, FILE_PATH_LITERAL(","));
    while (t.GetNext()) {
      std::string extension_id;
      extensions::UnpackedInstaller::Create(this)->LoadFromCommandLine(
          base::FilePath(t.token()), &extension_id, false /*only-allow-apps*/);
      // Extension id is added to whitelist after its extension is loaded
      // because code is executed asynchronously.
      if (switch_name == switches::kDisableExtensionsExcept)
        disable_flag_exempted_extensions_.insert(extension_id);
    }
  }
}

void ExtensionService::ReloadExtensionImpl(
    // "transient" because the process of reloading may cause the reference
    // to become invalid. Instead, use |extension_id|, a copy.
    const std::string& transient_extension_id,
    bool be_noisy) {
  CHECK(BrowserThread::CurrentlyOn(BrowserThread::UI));

  // If the extension is already reloading, don't reload again.
  if (extension_prefs_->GetDisableReasons(transient_extension_id) &
      Extension::DISABLE_RELOAD) {
    return;
  }

  // Ignore attempts to reload a blacklisted or blocked extension. Sometimes
  // this can happen in a convoluted reload sequence triggered by the
  // termination of a blacklisted or blocked extension and a naive attempt to
  // reload it. For an example see http://crbug.com/373842.
  if (registry_->blacklisted_extensions().Contains(transient_extension_id) ||
      registry_->blocked_extensions().Contains(transient_extension_id)) {
    return;
  }

  base::FilePath path;

  std::string extension_id = transient_extension_id;
  const Extension* transient_current_extension =
      GetExtensionById(extension_id, false);

  // Disable the extension if it's loaded. It might not be loaded if it crashed.
  if (transient_current_extension) {
    // If the extension has an inspector open for its background page, detach
    // the inspector and hang onto a cookie for it, so that we can reattach
    // later.
    // TODO(yoz): this is not incognito-safe!
    extensions::ProcessManager* manager =
        extensions::ProcessManager::Get(profile_);
    extensions::ExtensionHost* host =
        manager->GetBackgroundHostForExtension(extension_id);
    if (host && DevToolsAgentHost::HasFor(host->host_contents())) {
      // Look for an open inspector for the background page.
      scoped_refptr<DevToolsAgentHost> agent_host =
          DevToolsAgentHost::GetOrCreateFor(host->host_contents());
      agent_host->DisconnectWebContents();
      orphaned_dev_tools_[extension_id] = agent_host;
    }

    path = transient_current_extension->path();
    // BeingUpgraded is set back to false when the extension is added.
    system_->runtime_data()->SetBeingUpgraded(transient_current_extension->id(),
                                              true);
    DisableExtension(extension_id, Extension::DISABLE_RELOAD);
    reloading_extensions_.insert(extension_id);
  } else {
    std::map<std::string, base::FilePath>::const_iterator iter =
        unloaded_extension_paths_.find(extension_id);
    if (iter == unloaded_extension_paths_.end()) {
      return;
    }
    path = unloaded_extension_paths_[extension_id];
  }

  transient_current_extension = nullptr;

  if (delayed_installs_.Contains(extension_id)) {
    FinishDelayedInstallation(extension_id);
    return;
  }

  // If we're reloading a component extension, use the component extension
  // loader's reloader.
  if (component_loader_->Exists(extension_id)) {
    component_loader_->Reload(extension_id);
    return;
  }

  // Check the installed extensions to see if what we're reloading was already
  // installed.
  std::unique_ptr<ExtensionInfo> installed_extension(
      extension_prefs_->GetInstalledExtensionInfo(extension_id));
  if (installed_extension.get() &&
      installed_extension->extension_manifest.get()) {
    extensions::InstalledLoader(this).Load(*installed_extension, false);
  } else {
    // Otherwise, the extension is unpacked (location LOAD).
    // We should always be able to remember the extension's path. If it's not in
    // the map, someone failed to update |unloaded_extension_paths_|.
    CHECK(!path.empty());
    scoped_refptr<extensions::UnpackedInstaller> unpacked_installer =
        extensions::UnpackedInstaller::Create(this);
    unpacked_installer->set_be_noisy_on_failure(be_noisy);
    unpacked_installer->Load(path);
  }
}

void ExtensionService::ReloadExtension(const std::string& extension_id) {
  ReloadExtensionImpl(extension_id, true);  // be_noisy
}

void ExtensionService::ReloadExtensionWithQuietFailure(
    const std::string& extension_id) {
  ReloadExtensionImpl(extension_id, false);  // be_noisy
}

bool ExtensionService::UninstallExtension(
    // "transient" because the process of uninstalling may cause the reference
    // to become invalid. Instead, use |extenson->id()|.
    const std::string& transient_extension_id,
    extensions::UninstallReason reason,
    const base::Closure& deletion_done_callback,
    base::string16* error) {
  CHECK(BrowserThread::CurrentlyOn(BrowserThread::UI));

  scoped_refptr<const Extension> extension =
      GetInstalledExtension(transient_extension_id);

  // Callers should not send us nonexistent extensions.
  CHECK(extension.get());

  ManagementPolicy* by_policy = system_->management_policy();
  // Policy change which triggers an uninstall will always set
  // |external_uninstall| to true so this is the only way to uninstall
  // managed extensions.
  // Shared modules being uninstalled will also set |external_uninstall| to true
  // so that we can guarantee users don't uninstall a shared module.
  // (crbug.com/273300)
  // TODO(rdevlin.cronin): This is probably not right. We should do something
  // else, like include an enum IS_INTERNAL_UNINSTALL or IS_USER_UNINSTALL so
  // we don't do this.
  bool external_uninstall =
      (reason == extensions::UNINSTALL_REASON_INTERNAL_MANAGEMENT) ||
      (reason == extensions::UNINSTALL_REASON_COMPONENT_REMOVED) ||
      (reason == extensions::UNINSTALL_REASON_REINSTALL) ||
      (reason == extensions::UNINSTALL_REASON_ORPHANED_EXTERNAL_EXTENSION) ||
      (reason == extensions::UNINSTALL_REASON_ORPHANED_SHARED_MODULE) ||
      (reason == extensions::UNINSTALL_REASON_SYNC &&
       extensions::util::WasInstalledByCustodian(extension->id(), profile_));
  if (!external_uninstall &&
      (!by_policy->UserMayModifySettings(extension.get(), error) ||
       by_policy->MustRemainInstalled(extension.get(), error))) {
    content::NotificationService::current()->Notify(
        extensions::NOTIFICATION_EXTENSION_UNINSTALL_NOT_ALLOWED,
        content::Source<Profile>(profile_),
        content::Details<const Extension>(extension.get()));
    return false;
  }

  InstallVerifier::Get(GetBrowserContext())->Remove(extension->id());

  UMA_HISTOGRAM_ENUMERATION("Extensions.UninstallType",
                            extension->GetType(), 100);
  RecordPermissionMessagesHistogram(extension.get(), "Uninstall");

  // Unload before doing more cleanup to ensure that nothing is hanging on to
  // any of these resources.
  UnloadExtension(extension->id(), UnloadedExtensionInfo::REASON_UNINSTALL);
  if (registry_->blacklisted_extensions().Contains(extension->id()))
    registry_->RemoveBlacklisted(extension->id());

  // Tell the backend to start deleting installed extensions on the file thread.
  if (!Manifest::IsUnpackedLocation(extension->location())) {
    if (!GetFileTaskRunner()->PostTask(
            FROM_HERE,
            base::Bind(&ExtensionService::UninstallExtensionOnFileThread,
                       extension->id(),
                       profile_,
                       install_directory_,
                       extension->path())))
      NOTREACHED();
  }

  extensions::DataDeleter::StartDeleting(
      profile_, extension.get(), deletion_done_callback);

  UntrackTerminatedExtension(extension->id());

  // Notify interested parties that we've uninstalled this extension.
  ExtensionRegistry::Get(profile_)
      ->TriggerOnUninstalled(extension.get(), reason);

  delayed_installs_.Remove(extension->id());

  extension_prefs_->OnExtensionUninstalled(
      extension->id(), extension->location(), external_uninstall);

  // Track the uninstallation.
  UMA_HISTOGRAM_ENUMERATION("Extensions.ExtensionUninstalled", 1, 2);

  return true;
}

// static
void ExtensionService::UninstallExtensionOnFileThread(
    const std::string& id,
    Profile* profile,
    const base::FilePath& install_dir,
    const base::FilePath& extension_path) {
  extensions::ExtensionAssetsManager* assets_manager =
      extensions::ExtensionAssetsManager::GetInstance();
  assets_manager->UninstallExtension(id, profile, install_dir, extension_path);
}

bool ExtensionService::IsExtensionEnabled(
    const std::string& extension_id) const {
  if (registry_->enabled_extensions().Contains(extension_id) ||
      registry_->terminated_extensions().Contains(extension_id)) {
    return true;
  }

  if (registry_->disabled_extensions().Contains(extension_id) ||
      registry_->blacklisted_extensions().Contains(extension_id) ||
      registry_->blocked_extensions().Contains(extension_id)) {
    return false;
  }

  // Blocked extensions aren't marked as such in prefs, thus if
  // |block_extensions_| is true then CanBlockExtension() must be called with an
  // Extension object. If the |extension_id| is not loaded, assume not enabled.
  if (block_extensions_) {
    const Extension* extension = GetInstalledExtension(extension_id);
    if (!extension || CanBlockExtension(extension))
      return false;
  }

  // If the extension hasn't been loaded yet, check the prefs for it. Assume
  // enabled unless otherwise noted.
  return !extension_prefs_->IsExtensionDisabled(extension_id) &&
         !extension_prefs_->IsExtensionBlacklisted(extension_id) &&
         !extension_prefs_->IsExternalExtensionUninstalled(extension_id);
}

void ExtensionService::EnableExtension(const std::string& extension_id) {
  CHECK(BrowserThread::CurrentlyOn(BrowserThread::UI));

  if (IsExtensionEnabled(extension_id) ||
      extension_prefs_->IsExtensionBlacklisted(extension_id))
    return;
  const Extension* extension =
      registry_->disabled_extensions().GetByID(extension_id);

  ManagementPolicy* policy = system_->management_policy();
  if (extension && policy->MustRemainDisabled(extension, nullptr, nullptr)) {
    UMA_HISTOGRAM_COUNTS_100("Extensions.EnableDeniedByPolicy", 1);
    return;
  }

  extension_prefs_->SetExtensionEnabled(extension_id);

  // This can happen if sync enables an extension that is not installed yet.
  if (!extension)
    return;

  // Move it over to the enabled list.
  registry_->AddEnabled(make_scoped_refptr(extension));
  registry_->RemoveDisabled(extension->id());

  NotifyExtensionLoaded(extension);

  // Notify listeners that the extension was enabled.
  content::NotificationService::current()->Notify(
      extensions::NOTIFICATION_EXTENSION_ENABLED,
      content::Source<Profile>(profile_),
      content::Details<const Extension>(extension));
}

void ExtensionService::DisableExtension(const std::string& extension_id,
                                        int disable_reasons) {
  CHECK(BrowserThread::CurrentlyOn(BrowserThread::UI));

  if (extension_prefs_->IsExtensionBlacklisted(extension_id))
    return;

  // The extension may have been disabled already. Just add the disable reasons.
  if (!IsExtensionEnabled(extension_id)) {
    extension_prefs_->AddDisableReasons(extension_id, disable_reasons);
    return;
  }

  const Extension* extension = GetInstalledExtension(extension_id);

  // Shared modules cannot be disabled, they are just resources used by other
  // extensions, and are not user controlled.
  if (extension && SharedModuleInfo::IsSharedModule(extension))
    return;

  // |extension| can be nullptr if sync disables an extension that is not
  // installed yet.
  // EXTERNAL_COMPONENT extensions are not generally modifiable by users, but
  // can be uninstalled by the browser if the user sets extension-specific
  // preferences.
  if (extension && !(disable_reasons & Extension::DISABLE_RELOAD) &&
      !(disable_reasons & Extension::DISABLE_CORRUPTED) &&
      !(disable_reasons & Extension::DISABLE_UPDATE_REQUIRED_BY_POLICY) &&
      !system_->management_policy()->UserMayModifySettings(extension,
                                                           nullptr) &&
      extension->location() != Manifest::EXTERNAL_COMPONENT) {
    return;
  }

  extension_prefs_->SetExtensionDisabled(extension_id, disable_reasons);

  int include_mask =
      ExtensionRegistry::EVERYTHING & ~ExtensionRegistry::DISABLED;
  extension = registry_->GetExtensionById(extension_id, include_mask);
  if (!extension)
    return;

  // The extension is either enabled or terminated.
  DCHECK(registry_->enabled_extensions().Contains(extension->id()) ||
         registry_->terminated_extensions().Contains(extension->id()));

  // Move it over to the disabled list. Don't send a second unload notification
  // for terminated extensions being disabled.
  registry_->AddDisabled(make_scoped_refptr(extension));
  if (registry_->enabled_extensions().Contains(extension->id())) {
    registry_->RemoveEnabled(extension->id());
    NotifyExtensionUnloaded(extension, UnloadedExtensionInfo::REASON_DISABLE);
  } else {
    registry_->RemoveTerminated(extension->id());
  }
}

void ExtensionService::DisableUserExtensions(
    const std::vector<std::string>& except_ids) {
  extensions::ManagementPolicy* management_policy =
      system_->management_policy();
  extensions::ExtensionList to_disable;

  for (const auto& extension : registry_->enabled_extensions()) {
    if (management_policy->UserMayModifySettings(extension.get(), nullptr))
      to_disable.push_back(extension);
  }

  for (const auto& extension : registry_->terminated_extensions()) {
    if (management_policy->UserMayModifySettings(extension.get(), nullptr))
      to_disable.push_back(extension);
  }

  for (const auto& extension : to_disable) {
    if (extension->was_installed_by_default() &&
        extension_urls::IsWebstoreUpdateUrl(
            extensions::ManifestURL::GetUpdateURL(extension.get())))
      continue;
    const std::string& id = extension->id();
    if (except_ids.end() == std::find(except_ids.begin(), except_ids.end(), id))
      DisableExtension(id, extensions::Extension::DISABLE_USER_ACTION);
  }
}

// Extensions that are not locked, components or forced by policy should be
// locked. Extensions are no longer considered enabled or disabled. Blacklisted
// extensions are now considered both blacklisted and locked.
void ExtensionService::BlockAllExtensions() {
  if (block_extensions_)
    return;
  block_extensions_ = true;

  // Blacklisted extensions are already unloaded, need not be blocked.
  std::unique_ptr<ExtensionSet> extensions =
      registry_->GenerateInstalledExtensionsSet(ExtensionRegistry::ENABLED |
                                                ExtensionRegistry::DISABLED |
                                                ExtensionRegistry::TERMINATED);

  for (const auto& extension : *extensions) {
    const std::string& id = extension->id();

    if (!CanBlockExtension(extension.get()))
      continue;

    registry_->RemoveEnabled(id);
    registry_->RemoveDisabled(id);
    registry_->RemoveTerminated(id);

    registry_->AddBlocked(extension.get());
    UnloadExtension(id, extensions::UnloadedExtensionInfo::REASON_LOCK_ALL);
  }
}

// All locked extensions should revert to being either enabled or disabled
// as appropriate.
void ExtensionService::UnblockAllExtensions() {
  block_extensions_ = false;
  std::unique_ptr<ExtensionSet> to_unblock =
      registry_->GenerateInstalledExtensionsSet(ExtensionRegistry::BLOCKED);

  for (const auto& extension : *to_unblock) {
    registry_->RemoveBlocked(extension->id());
    AddExtension(extension.get());
  }
}

void ExtensionService::GrantPermissionsAndEnableExtension(
    const Extension* extension) {
  GrantPermissions(extension);
  RecordPermissionMessagesHistogram(extension, "ReEnable");
  EnableExtension(extension->id());
}

void ExtensionService::GrantPermissions(const Extension* extension) {
  CHECK(extension);
  extensions::PermissionsUpdater(profile()).GrantActivePermissions(extension);
}

// static
void ExtensionService::RecordPermissionMessagesHistogram(
    const Extension* extension, const char* histogram) {
  // Since this is called from multiple sources, and since the histogram macros
  // use statics, we need to manually lookup the histogram ourselves.
  base::HistogramBase* counter = base::LinearHistogram::FactoryGet(
      base::StringPrintf("Extensions.Permissions_%s3", histogram),
      1,
      APIPermission::kEnumBoundary,
      APIPermission::kEnumBoundary + 1,
      base::HistogramBase::kUmaTargetedHistogramFlag);

  base::HistogramBase* counter_has_any = base::BooleanHistogram::FactoryGet(
      base::StringPrintf("Extensions.HasPermissions_%s3", histogram),
      base::HistogramBase::kUmaTargetedHistogramFlag);

  PermissionIDSet permissions =
      extensions::PermissionMessageProvider::Get()->GetAllPermissionIDs(
          extension->permissions_data()->active_permissions(),
          extension->GetType());
  counter_has_any->AddBoolean(!permissions.empty());
  for (const PermissionID& id : permissions)
    counter->Add(id.id());
}

void ExtensionService::NotifyExtensionLoaded(const Extension* extension) {
  // The URLRequestContexts need to be first to know that the extension
  // was loaded, otherwise a race can arise where a renderer that is created
  // for the extension may try to load an extension URL with an extension id
  // that the request context doesn't yet know about. The profile is responsible
  // for ensuring its URLRequestContexts appropriately discover the loaded
  // extension.
  system_->RegisterExtensionWithRequestContexts(
      extension,
      base::Bind(&ExtensionService::OnExtensionRegisteredWithRequestContexts,
                 AsWeakPtr(), make_scoped_refptr(extension)));

  renderer_helper_->OnExtensionLoaded(*extension);

  // Tell subsystems that use the EXTENSION_LOADED notification about the new
  // extension.
  //
  // NOTE: It is important that this happen after notifying the renderers about
  // the new extensions so that if we navigate to an extension URL in
  // ExtensionRegistryObserver::OnLoaded or
  // NOTIFICATION_EXTENSION_LOADED_DEPRECATED, the
  // renderer is guaranteed to know about it.
  registry_->TriggerOnLoaded(extension);

  content::NotificationService::current()->Notify(
      extensions::NOTIFICATION_EXTENSION_LOADED_DEPRECATED,
      content::Source<Profile>(profile_),
      content::Details<const Extension>(extension));

  // TODO(kalman): Convert ExtensionSpecialStoragePolicy to a
  // BrowserContextKeyedService and use ExtensionRegistryObserver.
  profile_->GetExtensionSpecialStoragePolicy()->
      GrantRightsForExtension(extension, profile_);

  // TODO(kalman): This is broken. The crash reporter is process-wide so doesn't
  // work properly multi-profile. Besides which, it should be using
  // ExtensionRegistryObserver. See http://crbug.com/355029.
  UpdateActiveExtensionsInCrashReporter();

  const extensions::PermissionsData* permissions_data =
      extension->permissions_data();

  // If the extension has permission to load chrome://favicon/ resources we need
  // to make sure that the FaviconSource is registered with the
  // ChromeURLDataManager.
  if (permissions_data->HasHostPermission(GURL(chrome::kChromeUIFaviconURL))) {
    FaviconSource* favicon_source = new FaviconSource(profile_,
                                                      FaviconSource::FAVICON);
    content::URLDataSource::Add(profile_, favicon_source);
  }

  // Same for chrome://theme/ resources.
  if (permissions_data->HasHostPermission(GURL(chrome::kChromeUIThemeURL))) {
    ThemeSource* theme_source = new ThemeSource(profile_);
    content::URLDataSource::Add(profile_, theme_source);
  }

  // Same for chrome://thumb/ resources.
  if (permissions_data->HasHostPermission(
          GURL(chrome::kChromeUIThumbnailURL))) {
    ThumbnailSource* thumbnail_source = new ThumbnailSource(profile_, false);
    content::URLDataSource::Add(profile_, thumbnail_source);
  }
}

void ExtensionService::OnExtensionRegisteredWithRequestContexts(
    scoped_refptr<const extensions::Extension> extension) {
  registry_->AddReady(extension);
  if (registry_->enabled_extensions().Contains(extension->id()))
    registry_->TriggerOnReady(extension.get());
}

void ExtensionService::NotifyExtensionUnloaded(
    const Extension* extension,
    UnloadedExtensionInfo::Reason reason) {
  UnloadedExtensionInfo details(extension, reason);

  registry_->TriggerOnUnloaded(extension, reason);

  content::NotificationService::current()->Notify(
      extensions::NOTIFICATION_EXTENSION_UNLOADED_DEPRECATED,
      content::Source<Profile>(profile_),
      content::Details<UnloadedExtensionInfo>(&details));

  renderer_helper_->OnExtensionUnloaded(*extension);

  system_->UnregisterExtensionWithRequestContexts(extension->id(), reason);

  // TODO(kalman): Convert ExtensionSpecialStoragePolicy to a
  // BrowserContextKeyedService and use ExtensionRegistryObserver.
  profile_->GetExtensionSpecialStoragePolicy()->
      RevokeRightsForExtension(extension);

#if defined(OS_CHROMEOS)
  // Revoke external file access for the extension from its file system context.
  // It is safe to access the extension's storage partition at this point. The
  // storage partition may get destroyed only after the extension gets unloaded.
  GURL site =
      extensions::util::GetSiteForExtensionId(extension->id(), profile_);
  storage::FileSystemContext* filesystem_context =
      BrowserContext::GetStoragePartitionForSite(profile_, site)
          ->GetFileSystemContext();
  if (filesystem_context && filesystem_context->external_backend()) {
    filesystem_context->external_backend()->
        RevokeAccessForExtension(extension->id());
  }
#endif

  // TODO(kalman): This is broken. The crash reporter is process-wide so doesn't
  // work properly multi-profile. Besides which, it should be using
  // ExtensionRegistryObserver::OnExtensionLoaded. See http://crbug.com/355029.
  UpdateActiveExtensionsInCrashReporter();
}

content::BrowserContext* ExtensionService::GetBrowserContext() const {
  // Implemented in the .cc file to avoid adding a profile.h dependency to
  // extension_service.h.
  return profile_;
}

bool ExtensionService::is_ready() {
  return ready_->is_signaled();
}

base::SequencedTaskRunner* ExtensionService::GetFileTaskRunner() {
  if (file_task_runner_.get())
    return file_task_runner_.get();

  // We should be able to interrupt any part of extension install process during
  // shutdown. SKIP_ON_SHUTDOWN ensures that not started extension install tasks
  // will be ignored/deleted while we will block on started tasks.
  std::string token("ext_install-");
  token.append(profile_->GetPath().AsUTF8Unsafe());
  file_task_runner_ = BrowserThread::GetBlockingPool()->
      GetSequencedTaskRunnerWithShutdownBehavior(
        BrowserThread::GetBlockingPool()->GetNamedSequenceToken(token),
        base::SequencedWorkerPool::SKIP_ON_SHUTDOWN);
  return file_task_runner_.get();
}

void ExtensionService::CheckManagementPolicy() {
  std::vector<std::string> to_unload;
  std::map<std::string, Extension::DisableReason> to_disable;
  std::vector<std::string> to_enable;

  // Loop through the extensions list, finding extensions we need to unload or
  // disable.
  for (const auto& extension : registry_->enabled_extensions()) {
    if (!system_->management_policy()->UserMayLoad(extension.get(), nullptr))
      to_unload.push_back(extension->id());
    Extension::DisableReason disable_reason = Extension::DISABLE_NONE;
    if (system_->management_policy()->MustRemainDisabled(
            extension.get(), &disable_reason, nullptr))
      to_disable[extension->id()] = disable_reason;
  }

  extensions::ExtensionManagement* management =
      extensions::ExtensionManagementFactory::GetForBrowserContext(profile());

  // Loop through the disabled extension list, find extensions to re-enable
  // automatically. These extensions are exclusive from the |to_disable| and
  // |to_unload| lists constructed above, since disabled_extensions() and
  // enabled_extensions() are supposed to be mutually exclusive.
  for (const auto& extension : registry_->disabled_extensions()) {
    // Find all disabled extensions disabled due to minimum version requirement,
    // but now satisfying it.
    if (management->CheckMinimumVersion(extension.get(), nullptr) &&
        extension_prefs_->HasDisableReason(
            extension->id(), Extension::DISABLE_UPDATE_REQUIRED_BY_POLICY)) {
      // Is DISABLE_UPDATE_REQUIRED_BY_POLICY the *only* reason?
      if (extension_prefs_->GetDisableReasons(extension->id()) ==
          Extension::DISABLE_UPDATE_REQUIRED_BY_POLICY) {
        // We need to enable those disabled *only* due to minimum version
        // requirement.
        to_enable.push_back(extension->id());
      }
      extension_prefs_->RemoveDisableReason(
          extension->id(), Extension::DISABLE_UPDATE_REQUIRED_BY_POLICY);
    }
  }

  for (const std::string& id : to_unload)
    UnloadExtension(id, UnloadedExtensionInfo::REASON_DISABLE);

  for (const auto& i : to_disable)
    DisableExtension(i.first, i.second);

  // No extension is getting re-enabled here after disabling/unloading
  // because to_enable is mutually exclusive to to_disable + to_unload.
  for (const std::string& id : to_enable)
    EnableExtension(id);

  if (updater_.get()) {
    // Find all extensions disabled due to minimum version requirement from
    // policy (including the ones that got disabled just now), and check
    // for update.
    extensions::ExtensionUpdater::CheckParams to_recheck;
    for (const auto& extension : registry_->disabled_extensions()) {
      if (extension_prefs_->GetDisableReasons(extension->id()) ==
          Extension::DISABLE_UPDATE_REQUIRED_BY_POLICY) {
        // The minimum version check is the only thing holding this extension
        // back, so check if it can be updated to fix that.
        to_recheck.ids.push_back(extension->id());
      }
    }
    if (!to_recheck.ids.empty())
      updater_->CheckNow(to_recheck);
  }
}

void ExtensionService::CheckForUpdatesSoon() {
  // This can legitimately happen in unit tests.
  if (!updater_.get())
    return;

    updater_->CheckSoon();
}

// Some extensions will autoupdate themselves externally from Chrome.  These
// are typically part of some larger client application package. To support
// these, the extension will register its location in the preferences file
// (and also, on Windows, in the registry) and this code will periodically
// check that location for a .crx file, which it will then install locally if
// a new version is available.
// Errors are reported through ExtensionErrorReporter. Success is not
// reported.
void ExtensionService::CheckForExternalUpdates() {
  CHECK(BrowserThread::CurrentlyOn(BrowserThread::UI));
  TRACE_EVENT0("browser,startup", "ExtensionService::CheckForExternalUpdates");
  SCOPED_UMA_HISTOGRAM_TIMER("Extensions.CheckForExternalUpdatesTime");

  // Note that this installation is intentionally silent (since it didn't
  // go through the front-end).  Extensions that are registered in this
  // way are effectively considered 'pre-bundled', and so implicitly
  // trusted.  In general, if something has HKLM or filesystem access,
  // they could install an extension manually themselves anyway.

  // Ask each external extension provider to give us a call back for each
  // extension they know about. See OnExternalExtension(File|UpdateUrl)Found.
  for (const auto& provider : external_extension_providers_)
    provider->VisitRegisteredExtension();

  // Do any required work that we would have done after completion of all
  // providers.
  if (external_extension_providers_.empty())
    OnAllExternalProvidersReady();
}

void ExtensionService::OnExternalProviderReady(
    const ExternalProviderInterface* provider) {
  CHECK(BrowserThread::CurrentlyOn(BrowserThread::UI));
  CHECK(provider->IsReady());

  // An external provider has finished loading.  We only take action
  // if all of them are finished. So we check them first.
  if (AreAllExternalProvidersReady())
    OnAllExternalProvidersReady();
}

bool ExtensionService::AreAllExternalProvidersReady() const {
  for (const auto& provider : external_extension_providers_) {
    if (!provider->IsReady())
      return false;
  }
  return true;
}

void ExtensionService::OnAllExternalProvidersReady() {
  CHECK(BrowserThread::CurrentlyOn(BrowserThread::UI));
  base::TimeDelta elapsed = base::Time::Now() - profile_->GetStartTime();
  UMA_HISTOGRAM_TIMES("Extension.ExternalProvidersReadyAfter", elapsed);

  // Install any pending extensions.
  if (update_once_all_providers_are_ready_ && updater()) {
    update_once_all_providers_are_ready_ = false;
    extensions::ExtensionUpdater::CheckParams params;
    params.callback = external_updates_finished_callback_;
    updater()->CheckNow(params);
  }

  // Uninstall all the unclaimed extensions.
  std::unique_ptr<extensions::ExtensionPrefs::ExtensionsInfo> extensions_info(
      extension_prefs_->GetInstalledExtensionsInfo());
  for (size_t i = 0; i < extensions_info->size(); ++i) {
    ExtensionInfo* info = extensions_info->at(i).get();
    if (Manifest::IsExternalLocation(info->extension_location))
      CheckExternalUninstall(info->extension_id);
  }

  error_controller_->ShowErrorIfNeeded();

  external_install_manager_->UpdateExternalExtensionAlert();
}

void ExtensionService::UnloadExtension(
    const std::string& extension_id,
    UnloadedExtensionInfo::Reason reason) {
  // Make sure the extension gets deleted after we return from this function.
  int include_mask =
      ExtensionRegistry::EVERYTHING & ~ExtensionRegistry::TERMINATED;
  scoped_refptr<const Extension> extension(
      registry_->GetExtensionById(extension_id, include_mask));

  // This method can be called via PostTask, so the extension may have been
  // unloaded by the time this runs.
  if (!extension.get()) {
    // In case the extension may have crashed/uninstalled. Allow the profile to
    // clean up its RequestContexts.
    system_->UnregisterExtensionWithRequestContexts(extension_id, reason);
    return;
  }

  // Keep information about the extension so that we can reload it later
  // even if it's not permanently installed.
  unloaded_extension_paths_[extension->id()] = extension->path();

  // Clean up if the extension is meant to be enabled after a reload.
  reloading_extensions_.erase(extension->id());

  if (registry_->disabled_extensions().Contains(extension->id())) {
    registry_->RemoveDisabled(extension->id());
    // Make sure the profile cleans up its RequestContexts when an already
    // disabled extension is unloaded (since they are also tracking the disabled
    // extensions).
    system_->UnregisterExtensionWithRequestContexts(extension_id, reason);
    // Don't send the unloaded notification. It was sent when the extension
    // was disabled.
  } else {
    // Remove the extension from the enabled list.
    registry_->RemoveEnabled(extension->id());
    NotifyExtensionUnloaded(extension.get(), reason);
  }

  content::NotificationService::current()->Notify(
      extensions::NOTIFICATION_EXTENSION_REMOVED,
      content::Source<Profile>(profile_),
      content::Details<const Extension>(extension.get()));
}

void ExtensionService::RemoveComponentExtension(
    const std::string& extension_id) {
  scoped_refptr<const Extension> extension(
      GetExtensionById(extension_id, false));
  UnloadExtension(extension_id, UnloadedExtensionInfo::REASON_UNINSTALL);
  if (extension.get()) {
    ExtensionRegistry::Get(profile_)->TriggerOnUninstalled(
        extension.get(), extensions::UNINSTALL_REASON_COMPONENT_REMOVED);
  }
}

void ExtensionService::UnloadAllExtensionsForTest() {
  UnloadAllExtensionsInternal();
}

void ExtensionService::ReloadExtensionsForTest() {
  // Calling UnloadAllExtensionsForTest here triggers a false-positive presubmit
  // warning about calling test code in production.
  UnloadAllExtensionsInternal();
  component_loader_->LoadAll();
  extensions::InstalledLoader(this).LoadAllExtensions();
  // Don't call SetReadyAndNotifyListeners() since tests call this multiple
  // times.
}

void ExtensionService::SetReadyAndNotifyListeners() {
  TRACE_EVENT0("browser,startup",
               "ExtensionService::SetReadyAndNotifyListeners");
  SCOPED_UMA_HISTOGRAM_TIMER(
      "Extensions.ExtensionServiceNotifyReadyListenersTime");

  ready_->Signal();
  content::NotificationService::current()->Notify(
      extensions::NOTIFICATION_EXTENSIONS_READY_DEPRECATED,
      content::Source<Profile>(profile_),
      content::NotificationService::NoDetails());
}

void ExtensionService::OnLoadedInstalledExtensions() {
  if (updater_)
    updater_->Start();

  // Enable any Shared Modules that incorrectly got disabled previously.
  // This is temporary code to fix incorrect behavior from previous versions of
  // Chrome and can be removed after several releases (perhaps M60).
  extensions::ExtensionList to_enable;
  for (const auto& extension : registry_->disabled_extensions()) {
    if (SharedModuleInfo::IsSharedModule(extension.get()))
      to_enable.push_back(extension);
  }
  for (const auto& extension : to_enable) {
    EnableExtension(extension->id());
  }

  OnBlacklistUpdated();
}

void ExtensionService::AddExtension(const Extension* extension) {
  // TODO(jstritar): We may be able to get rid of this branch by overriding the
  // default extension state to DISABLED when the --disable-extensions flag
  // is set (http://crbug.com/29067).
  if (!extensions_enabled() && !extension->is_theme() &&
      extension->location() != Manifest::COMPONENT &&
      !Manifest::IsExternalLocation(extension->location()) &&
      disable_flag_exempted_extensions_.count(extension->id()) == 0) {
    return;
  }

  bool is_extension_upgrade = false;
  bool is_extension_loaded = false;
  const Extension* old = GetInstalledExtension(extension->id());
  if (old) {
    is_extension_loaded = true;
    int version_compare_result =
        extension->version()->CompareTo(*(old->version()));
    is_extension_upgrade = version_compare_result > 0;
    // Other than for unpacked extensions, CrxInstaller should have guaranteed
    // that we aren't downgrading.
    if (!Manifest::IsUnpackedLocation(extension->location()))
      CHECK_GE(version_compare_result, 0);
  }
  // If the extension was disabled for a reload, then enable it.
  bool reloading = reloading_extensions_.erase(extension->id()) > 0;

  // Set the upgraded bit; we consider reloads upgrades.
  system_->runtime_data()->SetBeingUpgraded(extension->id(),
                                            is_extension_upgrade || reloading);

  // The extension is now loaded, remove its data from unloaded extension map.
  unloaded_extension_paths_.erase(extension->id());

  // If a terminated extension is loaded, remove it from the terminated list.
  UntrackTerminatedExtension(extension->id());

  // Check if the extension's privileges have changed and mark the
  // extension disabled if necessary.
  CheckPermissionsIncrease(extension, is_extension_loaded);

  if (is_extension_loaded && !reloading) {
    // To upgrade an extension in place, unload the old one and then load the
    // new one.  ReloadExtension disables the extension, which is sufficient.
    UnloadExtension(extension->id(), UnloadedExtensionInfo::REASON_UPDATE);
  }

  if (extension_prefs_->IsExtensionBlacklisted(extension->id())) {
    // Only prefs is checked for the blacklist. We rely on callers to check the
    // blacklist before calling into here, e.g. CrxInstaller checks before
    // installation then threads through the install and pending install flow
    // of this class, and we check when loading installed extensions.
    registry_->AddBlacklisted(extension);
  } else if (block_extensions_ && CanBlockExtension(extension)) {
    registry_->AddBlocked(extension);
  } else if (!reloading &&
             extension_prefs_->IsExtensionDisabled(extension->id())) {
    registry_->AddDisabled(extension);
    content::NotificationService::current()->Notify(
        extensions::NOTIFICATION_EXTENSION_UPDATE_DISABLED,
        content::Source<Profile>(profile_),
        content::Details<const Extension>(extension));

    // Show the extension disabled error if a permissions increase or a remote
    // installation is the reason it was disabled, and no other reasons exist.
    int reasons = extension_prefs_->GetDisableReasons(extension->id());
    const int kReasonMask = Extension::DISABLE_PERMISSIONS_INCREASE |
                            Extension::DISABLE_REMOTE_INSTALL;
    if (reasons & kReasonMask && !(reasons & ~kReasonMask)) {
      extensions::AddExtensionDisabledError(
          this,
          extension,
          extension_prefs_->HasDisableReason(
              extension->id(), Extension::DISABLE_REMOTE_INSTALL));
    }
  } else if (reloading) {
    // Replace the old extension with the new version.
    CHECK(!registry_->AddDisabled(extension));
    EnableExtension(extension->id());
  } else {
    // All apps that are displayed in the launcher are ordered by their ordinals
    // so we must ensure they have valid ordinals.
    if (extension->RequiresSortOrdinal()) {
      AppSorting* app_sorting =
          extensions::ExtensionSystem::Get(GetBrowserContext())->app_sorting();
      app_sorting->SetExtensionVisible(
          extension->id(),
          extension->ShouldDisplayInNewTabPage());
      app_sorting->EnsureValidOrdinals(extension->id(),
                                       syncer::StringOrdinal());
    }

    registry_->AddEnabled(extension);
    NotifyExtensionLoaded(extension);
  }
  system_->runtime_data()->SetBeingUpgraded(extension->id(), false);
}

void ExtensionService::AddComponentExtension(const Extension* extension) {
  const std::string old_version_string(
      extension_prefs_->GetVersionString(extension->id()));
  const base::Version old_version(old_version_string);

  VLOG(1) << "AddComponentExtension " << extension->name();
  if (!old_version.IsValid() || old_version != *extension->version()) {
    VLOG(1) << "Component extension " << extension->name() << " ("
        << extension->id() << ") installing/upgrading from '"
        << old_version_string << "' to " << extension->version()->GetString();

    AddNewOrUpdatedExtension(extension,
                             Extension::ENABLED,
                             extensions::kInstallFlagNone,
                             syncer::StringOrdinal(),
                             std::string());
    return;
  }

  AddExtension(extension);
}

void ExtensionService::CheckPermissionsIncrease(const Extension* extension,
                                                bool is_extension_loaded) {
  extensions::PermissionsUpdater(profile_).InitializePermissions(extension);

  // We keep track of all permissions the user has granted each extension.
  // This allows extensions to gracefully support backwards compatibility
  // by including unknown permissions in their manifests. When the user
  // installs the extension, only the recognized permissions are recorded.
  // When the unknown permissions become recognized (e.g., through browser
  // upgrade), we can prompt the user to accept these new permissions.
  // Extensions can also silently upgrade to less permissions, and then
  // silently upgrade to a version that adds these permissions back.
  //
  // For example, pretend that Chrome 10 includes a permission "omnibox"
  // for an API that adds suggestions to the omnibox. An extension can
  // maintain backwards compatibility while still having "omnibox" in the
  // manifest. If a user installs the extension on Chrome 9, the browser
  // will record the permissions it recognized, not including "omnibox."
  // When upgrading to Chrome 10, "omnibox" will be recognized and Chrome
  // will disable the extension and prompt the user to approve the increase
  // in privileges. The extension could then release a new version that
  // removes the "omnibox" permission. When the user upgrades, Chrome will
  // still remember that "omnibox" had been granted, so that if the
  // extension once again includes "omnibox" in an upgrade, the extension
  // can upgrade without requiring this user's approval.
  int disable_reasons = extension_prefs_->GetDisableReasons(extension->id());

  // Silently grant all active permissions to default apps and apps installed
  // in kiosk mode.
  bool auto_grant_permission =
      extension->was_installed_by_default() ||
      extensions::ExtensionsBrowserClient::Get()->IsRunningInForcedAppMode();
  if (auto_grant_permission)
    GrantPermissions(extension);

  bool is_privilege_increase = false;
  // We only need to compare the granted permissions to the current permissions
  // if the extension has not been auto-granted its permissions above and is
  // installed internally.
  if (extension->location() == Manifest::INTERNAL && !auto_grant_permission) {
    // Add all the recognized permissions if the granted permissions list
    // hasn't been initialized yet.
    std::unique_ptr<const PermissionSet> granted_permissions =
        extension_prefs_->GetGrantedPermissions(extension->id());
    CHECK(granted_permissions.get());

    // Here, we check if an extension's privileges have increased in a manner
    // that requires the user's approval. This could occur because the browser
    // upgraded and recognized additional privileges, or an extension upgrades
    // to a version that requires additional privileges.
    is_privilege_increase =
        extensions::PermissionMessageProvider::Get()->IsPrivilegeIncrease(
            *granted_permissions,
            extension->permissions_data()->active_permissions(),
            extension->GetType());

    // If there was no privilege increase, the extension might still have new
    // permissions (which either don't generate a warning message, or whose
    // warning messages are suppressed by existing permissions). Grant the new
    // permissions.
    if (!is_privilege_increase)
      GrantPermissions(extension);
  }

  bool previously_disabled =
      extension_prefs_->IsExtensionDisabled(extension->id());
  // TODO(treib): Is the |is_extension_loaded| check needed here?
  if (is_extension_loaded && previously_disabled) {
    // Legacy disabled extensions do not have a disable reason. Infer that it
    // was likely disabled by the user.
    if (disable_reasons == Extension::DISABLE_NONE)
      disable_reasons |= Extension::DISABLE_USER_ACTION;

    // Extensions that came to us disabled from sync need a similar inference,
    // except based on the new version's permissions.
    // TODO(treib,devlin): Since M48, DISABLE_UNKNOWN_FROM_SYNC isn't used
    // anymore; this code is still here to migrate any existing old state.
    // Remove it after some grace period.
    if (disable_reasons & Extension::DEPRECATED_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_FROM_SYNC) {
      // Remove the DISABLE_UNKNOWN_FROM_SYNC reason.
      disable_reasons &= ~Extension::DEPRECATED_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_FROM_SYNC;
      extension_prefs_->RemoveDisableReason(
          extension->id(), Extension::DEPRECATED_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_FROM_SYNC);
      // If there was no privilege increase, it was likely disabled by the user.
      if (!is_privilege_increase)
        disable_reasons |= Extension::DISABLE_USER_ACTION;
    }
  }

  // If the extension is disabled due to a permissions increase, but does in
  // fact have all permissions, remove that disable reason.
  // TODO(devlin): This was added to fix crbug.com/616474, but it's unclear
  // if this behavior should stay forever.
  if (disable_reasons & Extension::DISABLE_PERMISSIONS_INCREASE) {
    bool reset_permissions_increase = false;
    if (!is_privilege_increase) {
      reset_permissions_increase = true;
      disable_reasons &= ~Extension::DISABLE_PERMISSIONS_INCREASE;
      extension_prefs_->RemoveDisableReason(
          extension->id(), Extension::DISABLE_PERMISSIONS_INCREASE);
    }
    UMA_HISTOGRAM_BOOLEAN("Extensions.ResetPermissionsIncrease",
                          reset_permissions_increase);
  }

  // Extension has changed permissions significantly. Disable it. A
  // notification should be sent by the caller. If the extension is already
  // disabled because it was installed remotely, don't add another disable
  // reason.
  if (is_privilege_increase &&
      !(disable_reasons & Extension::DISABLE_REMOTE_INSTALL)) {
    disable_reasons |= Extension::DISABLE_PERMISSIONS_INCREASE;
    if (!extension_prefs_->DidExtensionEscalatePermissions(extension->id()))
      RecordPermissionMessagesHistogram(extension, "AutoDisable");

#if defined(ENABLE_SUPERVISED_USERS)
    // If a custodian-installed extension is disabled for a supervised user due
    // to a permissions increase, send a request to the custodian.
    if (extensions::util::IsExtensionSupervised(extension, profile_) &&
        !ExtensionSyncService::Get(profile_)->HasPendingReenable(
            extension->id(), *extension->version())) {
      SupervisedUserService* supervised_user_service =
          SupervisedUserServiceFactory::GetForProfile(profile_);
      supervised_user_service->AddExtensionUpdateRequest(extension->id(),
                                                         *extension->version());
    }
#endif
  }

  if (disable_reasons == Extension::DISABLE_NONE)
    extension_prefs_->SetExtensionEnabled(extension->id());
  else
    extension_prefs_->SetExtensionDisabled(extension->id(), disable_reasons);
}

void ExtensionService::UpdateActiveExtensionsInCrashReporter() {
  std::set<std::string> extension_ids;
  for (const auto& extension : registry_->enabled_extensions()) {
    if (!extension->is_theme() && extension->location() != Manifest::COMPONENT)
      extension_ids.insert(extension->id());
  }

  // TODO(kalman): This is broken. ExtensionService is per-profile.
  // crash_keys::SetActiveExtensions is per-process. See
  // http://crbug.com/355029.
  crash_keys::SetActiveExtensions(extension_ids);
}

void ExtensionService::OnExtensionInstalled(
    const Extension* extension,
    const syncer::StringOrdinal& page_ordinal,
    int install_flags) {
  CHECK(BrowserThread::CurrentlyOn(BrowserThread::UI));

  const std::string& id = extension->id();
  int disable_reasons = GetDisableReasonsOnInstalled(extension);
  std::string install_parameter;
  const extensions::PendingExtensionInfo* pending_extension_info =
      pending_extension_manager()->GetById(id);
  if (pending_extension_info) {
    if (!pending_extension_info->ShouldAllowInstall(extension)) {
      // Hack for crbug.com/558299, see comment on DeleteThemeDoNotUse.
      if (extension->is_theme() && pending_extension_info->is_from_sync())
        ExtensionSyncService::Get(profile_)->DeleteThemeDoNotUse(*extension);

      pending_extension_manager()->Remove(id);

      LOG(WARNING) << "ShouldAllowInstall() returned false for "
                   << id << " of type " << extension->GetType()
                   << " and update URL "
                   << extensions::ManifestURL::GetUpdateURL(extension).spec()
                   << "; not installing";

      // Delete the extension directory since we're not going to
      // load it.
      if (!GetFileTaskRunner()->PostTask(
              FROM_HERE,
              base::Bind(&extensions::file_util::DeleteFile,
                         extension->path(),
                         true))) {
        NOTREACHED();
      }
      return;
    }

    install_parameter = pending_extension_info->install_parameter();
    pending_extension_manager()->Remove(id);
  } else {
    // We explicitly want to re-enable an uninstalled external
    // extension; if we're here, that means the user is manually
    // installing the extension.
    if (extension_prefs_->IsExternalExtensionUninstalled(id)) {
      disable_reasons = Extension::DISABLE_NONE;
    }
  }

  // If the old version of the extension was disabled due to corruption, this
  // new install may correct the problem.
  disable_reasons &= ~Extension::DISABLE_CORRUPTED;

  // Unsupported requirements overrides the management policy.
  if (install_flags & extensions::kInstallFlagHasRequirementErrors) {
    disable_reasons |= Extension::DISABLE_UNSUPPORTED_REQUIREMENT;
  } else {
    // Requirement is supported now, remove the corresponding disable reason
    // instead.
    disable_reasons &= ~Extension::DISABLE_UNSUPPORTED_REQUIREMENT;
  }

  // Check if the extension was disabled because of the minimum version
  // requirements from enterprise policy, and satisfies it now.
  if (extensions::ExtensionManagementFactory::GetForBrowserContext(profile())
          ->CheckMinimumVersion(extension, nullptr)) {
    // And remove the corresponding disable reason.
    disable_reasons &= ~Extension::DISABLE_UPDATE_REQUIRED_BY_POLICY;
  }

  if (install_flags & extensions::kInstallFlagIsBlacklistedForMalware) {
    // Installation of a blacklisted extension can happen from sync, policy,
    // etc, where to maintain consistency we need to install it, just never
    // load it (see AddExtension). Usually it should be the job of callers to
    // intercept blacklisted extensions earlier (e.g. CrxInstaller, before even
    // showing the install dialogue).
    extension_prefs_->AcknowledgeBlacklistedExtension(id);
    UMA_HISTOGRAM_ENUMERATION("ExtensionBlacklist.SilentInstall",
                              extension->location(),
                              Manifest::NUM_LOCATIONS);
  }

  if (!GetInstalledExtension(extension->id())) {
    UMA_HISTOGRAM_ENUMERATION("Extensions.InstallType",
                              extension->GetType(), 100);
    UMA_HISTOGRAM_ENUMERATION("Extensions.InstallSource",
                              extension->location(), Manifest::NUM_LOCATIONS);
    RecordPermissionMessagesHistogram(extension, "Install");
  } else {
    UMA_HISTOGRAM_ENUMERATION("Extensions.UpdateType",
                              extension->GetType(), 100);
    UMA_HISTOGRAM_ENUMERATION("Extensions.UpdateSource",
                              extension->location(), Manifest::NUM_LOCATIONS);
  }

  const Extension::State initial_state =
      disable_reasons == Extension::DISABLE_NONE ? Extension::ENABLED
                                                 : Extension::DISABLED;
  if (initial_state == Extension::ENABLED)
    extension_prefs_->SetExtensionEnabled(id);
  else
    extension_prefs_->SetExtensionDisabled(id, disable_reasons);

  extensions::ExtensionPrefs::DelayReason delay_reason;
  extensions::InstallGate::Action action = ShouldDelayExtensionInstall(
      extension, !!(install_flags & extensions::kInstallFlagInstallImmediately),
      &delay_reason);
  switch (action) {
    case extensions::InstallGate::INSTALL:
      AddNewOrUpdatedExtension(extension, initial_state, install_flags,
                               page_ordinal, install_parameter);
      return;
    case extensions::InstallGate::DELAY:
      extension_prefs_->SetDelayedInstallInfo(extension, initial_state,
                                              install_flags, delay_reason,
                                              page_ordinal, install_parameter);

      // Transfer ownership of |extension|.
      delayed_installs_.Insert(extension);

      if (delay_reason ==
          extensions::ExtensionPrefs::DELAY_REASON_WAIT_FOR_IDLE) {
        // Notify observers that app update is available.
        for (auto& observer : update_observers_)
          observer.OnAppUpdateAvailable(extension);
      }
      return;
    case extensions::InstallGate::ABORT:
      // Do nothing to abort the install. One such case is the shared module
      // service gets IMPORT_STATUS_UNRECOVERABLE status for the pending
      // install.
      return;
  }

  NOTREACHED() << "Unknown action for delayed install: " << action;
}

void ExtensionService::OnExtensionManagementSettingsChanged() {
  error_controller_->ShowErrorIfNeeded();

  // Revokes blocked permissions from active_permissions for all extensions.
  extensions::ExtensionManagement* settings =
      extensions::ExtensionManagementFactory::GetForBrowserContext(profile());
  CHECK(settings);
  std::unique_ptr<ExtensionSet> all_extensions(
      registry_->GenerateInstalledExtensionsSet());
  for (const auto& extension : *all_extensions) {
    if (!settings->IsPermissionSetAllowed(
            extension.get(),
            extension->permissions_data()->active_permissions())) {
      extensions::PermissionsUpdater(profile()).RemovePermissionsUnsafe(
          extension.get(), *settings->GetBlockedPermissions(extension.get()));
    }
  }

  CheckManagementPolicy();
}

void ExtensionService::AddNewOrUpdatedExtension(
    const Extension* extension,
    Extension::State initial_state,
    int install_flags,
    const syncer::StringOrdinal& page_ordinal,
    const std::string& install_parameter) {
  CHECK(BrowserThread::CurrentlyOn(BrowserThread::UI));
  extension_prefs_->OnExtensionInstalled(
      extension, initial_state, page_ordinal, install_flags, install_parameter);
  delayed_installs_.Remove(extension->id());
  if (InstallVerifier::NeedsVerification(*extension))
    InstallVerifier::Get(GetBrowserContext())->VerifyExtension(extension->id());

  const Extension* old = GetInstalledExtension(extension->id());
  if (extensions::AppDataMigrator::NeedsMigration(old, extension)) {
    app_data_migrator_->DoMigrationAndReply(
        old, extension, base::Bind(&ExtensionService::FinishInstallation,
                                   AsWeakPtr(), base::RetainedRef(extension)));
    return;
  }

  FinishInstallation(extension);
}

void ExtensionService::MaybeFinishDelayedInstallation(
    const std::string& extension_id) {
  // Check if the extension already got installed.
  const Extension* extension = delayed_installs_.GetByID(extension_id);
  if (!extension)
    return;

  extensions::ExtensionPrefs::DelayReason reason;
  const extensions::InstallGate::Action action = ShouldDelayExtensionInstall(
      extension, false /* install_immediately*/, &reason);
  switch (action) {
    case extensions::InstallGate::INSTALL:
      break;
    case extensions::InstallGate::DELAY:
      // Bail out and continue to delay the install.
      return;
    case extensions::InstallGate::ABORT:
      delayed_installs_.Remove(extension_id);
      // Make sure no version of the extension is actually installed, (i.e.,
      // that this delayed install was not an update).
      CHECK(!extension_prefs_->GetInstalledExtensionInfo(extension_id).get());
      extension_prefs_->DeleteExtensionPrefs(extension_id);
      return;
  }

  FinishDelayedInstallation(extension_id);
}

void ExtensionService::FinishDelayedInstallation(
    const std::string& extension_id) {
  scoped_refptr<const Extension> extension(
      GetPendingExtensionUpdate(extension_id));
  CHECK(extension.get());
  delayed_installs_.Remove(extension_id);

  if (!extension_prefs_->FinishDelayedInstallInfo(extension_id))
    NOTREACHED();

  FinishInstallation(extension.get());
}

void ExtensionService::FinishInstallation(
    const Extension* extension) {
  const extensions::Extension* existing_extension =
      GetInstalledExtension(extension->id());
  bool is_update = false;
  std::string old_name;
  if (existing_extension) {
    is_update = true;
    old_name = existing_extension->name();
  }
  registry_->TriggerOnWillBeInstalled(
      extension, is_update, old_name);

  // Unpacked extensions default to allowing file access, but if that has been
  // overridden, don't reset the value.
  if (Manifest::ShouldAlwaysAllowFileAccess(extension->location()) &&
      !extension_prefs_->HasAllowFileAccessSetting(extension->id())) {
    extension_prefs_->SetAllowFileAccess(extension->id(), true);
  }

  AddExtension(extension);

  // Notify observers that need to know when an installation is complete.
  registry_->TriggerOnInstalled(extension, is_update);

  // Check extensions that may have been delayed only because this shared module
  // was not available.
  if (SharedModuleInfo::IsSharedModule(extension))
    MaybeFinishDelayedInstallations();
}

const Extension* ExtensionService::GetPendingExtensionUpdate(
    const std::string& id) const {
  return delayed_installs_.GetByID(id);
}

void ExtensionService::RegisterContentSettings(
    HostContentSettingsMap* host_content_settings_map) {
  TRACE_EVENT0("browser,startup", "ExtensionService::RegisterContentSettings");
  DCHECK_CURRENTLY_ON(BrowserThread::UI);
  host_content_settings_map->RegisterProvider(
      HostContentSettingsMap::INTERNAL_EXTENSION_PROVIDER,
      std::unique_ptr<content_settings::ObservableProvider>(
          new content_settings::InternalExtensionProvider(profile_)));

  host_content_settings_map->RegisterProvider(
      HostContentSettingsMap::CUSTOM_EXTENSION_PROVIDER,
      std::unique_ptr<content_settings::ObservableProvider>(
          new content_settings::CustomExtensionProvider(
              extensions::ContentSettingsService::Get(profile_)
                  ->content_settings_store(),
              profile_->GetOriginalProfile() != profile_)));
}

void ExtensionService::TrackTerminatedExtension(
    const std::string& extension_id) {
  extensions_being_terminated_.erase(extension_id);

  const Extension* extension = GetInstalledExtension(extension_id);
  if (!extension) {
    return;
  }

  // No need to check for duplicates; inserting a duplicate is a no-op.
  registry_->AddTerminated(make_scoped_refptr(extension));
  UnloadExtension(extension->id(), UnloadedExtensionInfo::REASON_TERMINATE);
}

void ExtensionService::TerminateExtension(const std::string& extension_id) {
  TrackTerminatedExtension(extension_id);
}

void ExtensionService::UntrackTerminatedExtension(const std::string& id) {
  std::string lowercase_id = base::ToLowerASCII(id);
  const Extension* extension =
      registry_->terminated_extensions().GetByID(lowercase_id);
  registry_->RemoveTerminated(lowercase_id);
  if (extension) {
    content::NotificationService::current()->Notify(
        extensions::NOTIFICATION_EXTENSION_REMOVED,
        content::Source<Profile>(profile_),
        content::Details<const Extension>(extension));
  }
}

const Extension* ExtensionService::GetInstalledExtension(
    const std::string& id) const {
  return registry_->GetExtensionById(id, ExtensionRegistry::EVERYTHING);
}

bool ExtensionService::OnExternalExtensionFileFound(
    const ExternalInstallInfoFile& info) {
  CHECK(BrowserThread::CurrentlyOn(BrowserThread::UI));
  CHECK(crx_file::id_util::IdIsValid(info.extension_id));
  if (extension_prefs_->IsExternalExtensionUninstalled(info.extension_id))
    return false;

  // Before even bothering to unpack, check and see if we already have this
  // version. This is important because these extensions are going to get
  // installed on every startup.
  const Extension* existing = GetExtensionById(info.extension_id, true);

  if (existing) {
    // The default apps will have the location set as INTERNAL. Since older
    // default apps are installed as EXTERNAL, we override them. However, if the
    // app is already installed as internal, then do the version check.
    // TODO(grv) : Remove after Q1-2013.
    bool is_default_apps_migration =
        (info.crx_location == Manifest::INTERNAL &&
         Manifest::IsExternalLocation(existing->location()));

    if (!is_default_apps_migration) {
      DCHECK(info.version.get());

      switch (existing->version()->CompareTo(*info.version)) {
        case -1:  // existing version is older, we should upgrade
          break;
        case 0:  // existing version is same, do nothing
          return false;
        case 1:  // existing version is newer, uh-oh
          LOG(WARNING) << "Found external version of extension "
                       << info.extension_id
                       << "that is older than current version. Current version "
                       << "is: " << existing->VersionString() << ". New "
                       << "version is: " << info.version->GetString()
                       << ". Keeping current version.";
          return false;
      }
    }
  }

  // If the extension is already pending, don't start an install.
  if (!pending_extension_manager()->AddFromExternalFile(
          info.extension_id, info.crx_location, *info.version,
          info.creation_flags, info.mark_acknowledged)) {
    return false;
  }

  // no client (silent install)
  scoped_refptr<CrxInstaller> installer(CrxInstaller::CreateSilent(this));
  installer->set_install_source(info.crx_location);
  installer->set_expected_id(info.extension_id);
  installer->set_expected_version(*info.version,
                                  true /* fail_install_if_unexpected */);
  installer->set_install_cause(extension_misc::INSTALL_CAUSE_EXTERNAL_FILE);
  installer->set_install_immediately(info.install_immediately);
  installer->set_creation_flags(info.creation_flags);
#if defined(OS_CHROMEOS)
  extensions::InstallLimiter::Get(profile_)->Add(installer, info.path);
#else
  installer->InstallCrx(info.path);
#endif

  // Depending on the source, a new external extension might not need a user
  // notification on installation. For such extensions, mark them acknowledged
  // now to suppress the notification.
  if (info.mark_acknowledged)
    external_install_manager_->AcknowledgeExternalExtension(info.extension_id);

  return true;
}

void ExtensionService::DidCreateRenderViewForBackgroundPage(
    extensions::ExtensionHost* host) {
  OrphanedDevTools::iterator iter =
      orphaned_dev_tools_.find(host->extension_id());
  if (iter == orphaned_dev_tools_.end())
    return;

  // Keepalive count is reset on extension reload. This re-establishes the
  // keepalive that was added when the DevTools agent was initially attached.
  extensions::ProcessManager::Get(profile_)->IncrementLazyKeepaliveCount(
      host->extension());
  iter->second->ConnectWebContents(host->host_contents());
  orphaned_dev_tools_.erase(iter);
}

void ExtensionService::Observe(int type,
                               const content::NotificationSource& source,
                               const content::NotificationDetails& details) {
  switch (type) {
    case chrome::NOTIFICATION_APP_TERMINATING:
      // Shutdown has started. Don't start any more extension installs.
      // (We cannot use ExtensionService::Shutdown() for this because it
      // happens too late in browser teardown.)
      browser_terminating_ = true;
      break;
    case extensions::NOTIFICATION_EXTENSION_PROCESS_TERMINATED: {
      if (profile_ !=
          content::Source<Profile>(source).ptr()->GetOriginalProfile()) {
        break;
      }

      extensions::ExtensionHost* host =
          content::Details<extensions::ExtensionHost>(details).ptr();

      // If the extension is already being terminated, there is nothing left to
      // do.
      if (!extensions_being_terminated_.insert(host->extension_id()).second)
        break;

      // Mark the extension as terminated and Unload it. We want it to
      // be in a consistent state: either fully working or not loaded
      // at all, but never half-crashed.  We do it in a PostTask so
      // that other handlers of this notification will still have
      // access to the Extension and ExtensionHost.
      base::ThreadTaskRunnerHandle::Get()->PostTask(
          FROM_HERE, base::Bind(&ExtensionService::TrackTerminatedExtension,
                                AsWeakPtr(), host->extension()->id()));
      break;
    }
    case content::NOTIFICATION_RENDERER_PROCESS_TERMINATED: {
      content::RenderProcessHost* process =
          content::Source<content::RenderProcessHost>(source).ptr();
      Profile* host_profile =
          Profile::FromBrowserContext(process->GetBrowserContext());
      if (!profile_->IsSameProfile(host_profile->GetOriginalProfile()))
          break;

      extensions::ProcessMap* process_map =
          extensions::ProcessMap::Get(profile_);
      if (process_map->Contains(process->GetID())) {
        // An extension process was terminated, this might have resulted in an
        // app or extension becoming idle.
        std::set<std::string> extension_ids =
            process_map->GetExtensionsInProcess(process->GetID());
        // In addition to the extensions listed in the process map, one of those
        // extensions could be referencing a shared module which is waiting for
        // idle to update.  Check all imports of these extensions, too.
        std::set<std::string> import_ids;
        for (std::set<std::string>::const_iterator it = extension_ids.begin();
             it != extension_ids.end();
             ++it) {
          const Extension* extension = GetExtensionById(*it, true);
          if (!extension)
            continue;
          const std::vector<SharedModuleInfo::ImportInfo>& imports =
              SharedModuleInfo::GetImports(extension);
          std::vector<SharedModuleInfo::ImportInfo>::const_iterator import_it;
          for (import_it = imports.begin(); import_it != imports.end();
               import_it++) {
            import_ids.insert((*import_it).extension_id);
          }
        }
        extension_ids.insert(import_ids.begin(), import_ids.end());

        for (std::set<std::string>::const_iterator it = extension_ids.begin();
             it != extension_ids.end(); ++it) {
          if (delayed_installs_.Contains(*it)) {
            base::ThreadTaskRunnerHandle::Get()->PostDelayedTask(
                FROM_HERE,
                base::Bind(&ExtensionService::MaybeFinishDelayedInstallation,
                           AsWeakPtr(), *it),
                base::TimeDelta::FromSeconds(kUpdateIdleDelay));
          }
        }
      }

      process_map->RemoveAllFromProcess(process->GetID());
      BrowserThread::PostTask(
          BrowserThread::IO,
          FROM_HERE,
          base::Bind(&extensions::InfoMap::UnregisterAllExtensionsInProcess,
                     system_->info_map(),
                     process->GetID()));
      break;
    }
    case chrome::NOTIFICATION_UPGRADE_RECOMMENDED: {
      // Notify observers that chrome update is available.
      for (auto& observer : update_observers_)
        observer.OnChromeUpdateAvailable();
      break;
    }
    case chrome::NOTIFICATION_PROFILE_DESTRUCTION_STARTED: {
      OnProfileDestructionStarted();
      break;
    }

    default:
      NOTREACHED() << "Unexpected notification type.";
  }
}

int ExtensionService::GetDisableReasonsOnInstalled(const Extension* extension) {
  Extension::DisableReason disable_reason;
  // Extensions disabled by management policy should always be disabled, even
  // if it's force-installed.
  if (system_->management_policy()->MustRemainDisabled(
          extension, &disable_reason, nullptr)) {
    // A specified reason is required to disable the extension.
    DCHECK(disable_reason != Extension::DISABLE_NONE);
    return disable_reason;
  }

  // Extensions installed by policy can't be disabled. So even if a previous
  // installation disabled the extension, make sure it is now enabled.
  if (system_->management_policy()->MustRemainEnabled(extension, nullptr))
    return Extension::DISABLE_NONE;

  // An already disabled extension should inherit the disable reasons and
  // remain disabled.
  if (extension_prefs_->IsExtensionDisabled(extension->id())) {
    int disable_reasons = extension_prefs_->GetDisableReasons(extension->id());
    // If an extension was disabled without specified reason, presume it's
    // disabled by user.
    return disable_reasons == Extension::DISABLE_NONE
               ? Extension::DISABLE_USER_ACTION
               : disable_reasons;
  }

  if (FeatureSwitch::prompt_for_external_extensions()->IsEnabled()) {
    // External extensions are initially disabled. We prompt the user before
    // enabling them. Hosted apps are excepted because they are not dangerous
    // (they need to be launched by the user anyway).
    if (extension->GetType() != Manifest::TYPE_HOSTED_APP &&
        Manifest::IsExternalLocation(extension->location()) &&
        !extension_prefs_->IsExternalExtensionAcknowledged(extension->id())) {
      return Extension::DISABLE_EXTERNAL_EXTENSION;
    }
  }

  return Extension::DISABLE_NONE;
}

// Helper method to determine if an extension can be blocked.
bool ExtensionService::CanBlockExtension(const Extension* extension) const {
  DCHECK(extension);
  return extension->location() != Manifest::COMPONENT &&
         extension->location() != Manifest::EXTERNAL_COMPONENT &&
         !system_->management_policy()->MustRemainEnabled(extension, nullptr);
}

extensions::InstallGate::Action ExtensionService::ShouldDelayExtensionInstall(
    const extensions::Extension* extension,
    bool install_immediately,
    extensions::ExtensionPrefs::DelayReason* reason) const {
  for (const auto& entry : install_delayer_registry_) {
    extensions::InstallGate* const delayer = entry.second;
    extensions::InstallGate::Action action =
        delayer->ShouldDelay(extension, install_immediately);
    if (action != extensions::InstallGate::INSTALL) {
      *reason = entry.first;
      return action;
    }
  }

  return extensions::InstallGate::INSTALL;
}

void ExtensionService::MaybeFinishDelayedInstallations() {
  std::vector<std::string> to_be_installed;
  for (const auto& extension : delayed_installs_) {
    to_be_installed.push_back(extension->id());
  }
  for (const auto& extension_id : to_be_installed) {
    MaybeFinishDelayedInstallation(extension_id);
  }
}

void ExtensionService::OnBlacklistUpdated() {
  blacklist_->GetBlacklistedIDs(
      registry_->GenerateInstalledExtensionsSet()->GetIDs(),
      base::Bind(&ExtensionService::ManageBlacklist, AsWeakPtr()));
}

void ExtensionService::ManageBlacklist(
    const extensions::Blacklist::BlacklistStateMap& state_map) {
  DCHECK_CURRENTLY_ON(BrowserThread::UI);

  std::set<std::string> blacklisted;
  ExtensionIdSet greylist;
  ExtensionIdSet unchanged;
  for (const auto& it : state_map) {
    switch (it.second) {
      case extensions::NOT_BLACKLISTED:
        break;

      case extensions::BLACKLISTED_MALWARE:
        blacklisted.insert(it.first);
        break;

      case extensions::BLACKLISTED_SECURITY_VULNERABILITY:
      case extensions::BLACKLISTED_CWS_POLICY_VIOLATION:
      case extensions::BLACKLISTED_POTENTIALLY_UNWANTED:
        greylist.insert(it.first);
        break;

      case extensions::BLACKLISTED_UNKNOWN:
        unchanged.insert(it.first);
        break;
    }
  }

  UpdateBlacklistedExtensions(blacklisted, unchanged);
  UpdateGreylistedExtensions(greylist, unchanged, state_map);

  error_controller_->ShowErrorIfNeeded();
}

namespace {
void Partition(const ExtensionIdSet& before,
               const ExtensionIdSet& after,
               const ExtensionIdSet& unchanged,
               ExtensionIdSet* no_longer,
               ExtensionIdSet* not_yet) {
  *not_yet   = base::STLSetDifference<ExtensionIdSet>(after, before);
  *no_longer = base::STLSetDifference<ExtensionIdSet>(before, after);
  *no_longer = base::STLSetDifference<ExtensionIdSet>(*no_longer, unchanged);
}
}  // namespace

void ExtensionService::UpdateBlacklistedExtensions(
    const ExtensionIdSet& blacklisted,
    const ExtensionIdSet& unchanged) {
  ExtensionIdSet not_yet_blocked, no_longer_blocked;
  Partition(registry_->blacklisted_extensions().GetIDs(), blacklisted,
            unchanged, &no_longer_blocked, &not_yet_blocked);

  for (ExtensionIdSet::iterator it = no_longer_blocked.begin();
       it != no_longer_blocked.end(); ++it) {
    scoped_refptr<const Extension> extension =
        registry_->blacklisted_extensions().GetByID(*it);
    if (!extension.get()) {
      NOTREACHED() << "Extension " << *it << " no longer blacklisted, "
                   << "but it was never blacklisted.";
      continue;
    }
    registry_->RemoveBlacklisted(*it);
    extension_prefs_->SetExtensionBlacklistState(extension->id(),
                                                 extensions::NOT_BLACKLISTED);
    AddExtension(extension.get());
    UMA_HISTOGRAM_ENUMERATION("ExtensionBlacklist.UnblacklistInstalled",
                              extension->location(),
                              Manifest::NUM_LOCATIONS);
  }

  for (ExtensionIdSet::iterator it = not_yet_blocked.begin();
       it != not_yet_blocked.end(); ++it) {
    scoped_refptr<const Extension> extension = GetInstalledExtension(*it);
    if (!extension.get()) {
      NOTREACHED() << "Extension " << *it << " needs to be "
                   << "blacklisted, but it's not installed.";
      continue;
    }
    registry_->AddBlacklisted(extension);
    extension_prefs_->SetExtensionBlacklistState(
        extension->id(), extensions::BLACKLISTED_MALWARE);
    UnloadExtension(*it, UnloadedExtensionInfo::REASON_BLACKLIST);
    UMA_HISTOGRAM_ENUMERATION("ExtensionBlacklist.BlacklistInstalled",
                              extension->location(), Manifest::NUM_LOCATIONS);
  }
}

// TODO(oleg): UMA logging
void ExtensionService::UpdateGreylistedExtensions(
    const ExtensionIdSet& greylist,
    const ExtensionIdSet& unchanged,
    const extensions::Blacklist::BlacklistStateMap& state_map) {
  ExtensionIdSet not_yet_greylisted, no_longer_greylisted;
  Partition(greylist_.GetIDs(),
            greylist, unchanged,
            &no_longer_greylisted, &not_yet_greylisted);

  for (ExtensionIdSet::iterator it = no_longer_greylisted.begin();
       it != no_longer_greylisted.end(); ++it) {
    scoped_refptr<const Extension> extension = greylist_.GetByID(*it);
    if (!extension.get()) {
      NOTREACHED() << "Extension " << *it << " no longer greylisted, "
                   << "but it was not marked as greylisted.";
      continue;
    }

    greylist_.Remove(*it);
    extension_prefs_->SetExtensionBlacklistState(extension->id(),
                                                 extensions::NOT_BLACKLISTED);
    if (extension_prefs_->GetDisableReasons(extension->id()) &
        extensions::Extension::DISABLE_GREYLIST)
      EnableExtension(*it);
  }

  for (ExtensionIdSet::iterator it = not_yet_greylisted.begin();
       it != not_yet_greylisted.end(); ++it) {
    scoped_refptr<const Extension> extension = GetInstalledExtension(*it);
    if (!extension.get()) {
      NOTREACHED() << "Extension " << *it << " needs to be "
                   << "disabled, but it's not installed.";
      continue;
    }
    greylist_.Insert(extension);
    extension_prefs_->SetExtensionBlacklistState(extension->id(),
                                                 state_map.find(*it)->second);
    if (registry_->enabled_extensions().Contains(extension->id()))
      DisableExtension(*it, extensions::Extension::DISABLE_GREYLIST);
  }
}

void ExtensionService::AddUpdateObserver(extensions::UpdateObserver* observer) {
  update_observers_.AddObserver(observer);
}

void ExtensionService::RemoveUpdateObserver(
    extensions::UpdateObserver* observer) {
  update_observers_.RemoveObserver(observer);
}

void ExtensionService::RegisterInstallGate(
    extensions::ExtensionPrefs::DelayReason reason,
    extensions::InstallGate* install_delayer) {
  DCHECK(install_delayer_registry_.end() ==
         install_delayer_registry_.find(reason));
  install_delayer_registry_[reason] = install_delayer;
}

void ExtensionService::UnregisterInstallGate(
    extensions::InstallGate* install_delayer) {
  for (auto it = install_delayer_registry_.begin();
       it != install_delayer_registry_.end(); ++it) {
    if (it->second == install_delayer) {
      install_delayer_registry_.erase(it);
      return;
    }
  }
}

// Used only by test code.
void ExtensionService::UnloadAllExtensionsInternal() {
  profile_->GetExtensionSpecialStoragePolicy()->RevokeRightsForAllExtensions();

  registry_->ClearAll();
  system_->runtime_data()->ClearAll();

  // TODO(erikkay) should there be a notification for this?  We can't use
  // EXTENSION_UNLOADED since that implies that the extension has been disabled
  // or uninstalled.
}

void ExtensionService::OnProfileDestructionStarted() {
  ExtensionIdSet ids_to_unload = registry_->enabled_extensions().GetIDs();
  for (ExtensionIdSet::iterator it = ids_to_unload.begin();
       it != ids_to_unload.end();
       ++it) {
    UnloadExtension(*it, UnloadedExtensionInfo::REASON_PROFILE_SHUTDOWN);
  }
}