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Kuluçkaya Yatırılan Döllenmemiş Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) Yumurtalarının Bazı Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 4, 1964 - 1974, 16.09.2025

Sema Alaşahan , Mehmet Hanifi Yalçın , Aysel Eraslan Şakar

https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1756559

Abstract

Çalışma Emuların dölsüz yumurtalarında kuluçka öncesi ve sonrasında ağırlık, kabuk özellikleri, iç ortam özellikleri ve ağırlık kaybının belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada 2022 yılında Hatay ili Antakya ilçesinde özel bir tesiste yetiştirilen 2 adet dişi Emudan toplanan yumurtalar kullanılmıştır. Kuluçka öncesi yumurta ağırlığı tartılarak belirlenmiş, bu ağırlık değeri kullanılarak yumurta boyu ve yumurta eni formül yardımıyla tespit edilmiştir. Kuluçka sonrasında civciv çıkışı olmayan dölsüz yumurtaların bütün yumurta ağırlığı, içerik ağırlığı ve iç yüzeyi temizlenmemiş kabuk ağırlığı tartılarak saptanmıştır. Kuluçka öncesi yumurta ağırlığı, kabuk ağırlığı, şekil indeksi ve por sayısı verilen sırayla 556,38 g, 59,57 g, %70,36 ve 25174,91-38767,41 adet olarak belirlenmiştir. Kuluçka sonrası yumurta ağırlığı azalmış ve bağıl yumurta ağırlık kaybı %14,90 olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Sonuç olarak, dölsüz Emu yumurtalarının kuluçka öncesi ve sonrası özellikleri belirlenmiş, az sayıdaki bilimsel çalışmaya katkı verilmiştir.

Keywords

Emu yumurtası İçerik miktarı Kabuk özellikleri Zümrüt yeşili

References

  • Adewumi AA., Ayodele IA., Lameed GA. The effect of incubator type on hatchability and chick survival of Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae). Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 2008; 12(2): 13-15.
  • Ahmed AMH., Rodriguez-Navarro AB., Vidal ML., Gautron J., Garcia-Ruiz JM., Nys Y. Changes in eggshell mechanical properties, crystallographic texture andin matrix proteins induced by moult in hens. British Poultry Science 2005; 46(3): 268-279.
  • Alabi JO., Bhanja SK., Goel A., Mehra M., Fafiolu AO. Chicken embryogenesis: Influence of egg quality traits on embryo morphology. Indian Journal of Poultry Science 2018; 53(3): 324-330.
  • Alasahan S., Copur AG. Hatching characteristics and growth performance of eggs with different egg shapes. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science 2016; 18(1): 001-008.
  • Alaşahan S., Günlü A. Determination of egg quality characteristics of different poultry species with digital image analysis. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 2012; 18(6): 979-986.
  • Al-Obaidi F., Al-Shadeedi S. Comparison study of egg morphology, component and chemical composition of ostrich, emu and native chickens. Journal of Genetic Environmental Resources Conservation 2015; 3(2): 132-137.
  • Boopathi V., Sivakumar T., Tensingh Gnanaraj P. Quality and hatching performance of Emu eggs. The Indian Veterinary Journal 2012; 89(1): 87-88.
  • Buttemer WA., Astheimer L., Dawson TJ. Thermal and water relations of emu eggs during natural incubation. Physiological Zoology 1988; 61(6): 483-494.
  • Dañczak A., Majewska D. Emu (Dromaius novaeholandiae) hatch success and controls on hatchlings survival. Advances in Agricultural Sciences 1999; 6(1): 25-30.
  • Davies SJJF. The natural history of the emu in comparison with that of the other ratite Pp. 109-120 in Proceedings of the 16th International Ornithological Conference, 1976; Canberra, Australia.
  • Dzialowski EM., Sotherland PR. Maternal effects of egg size on Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) egg composition and hatchling phenotype. Journal of Experimental Biology 2004; 207(4): 597-606.
  • Hoyt DF. Practical methods of estimating volume and fresh weight of bird eggs. The Auk 1979; 96: 73-77.
  • Jagatheesan PNR., Anna Anandh M., Senthil Kumar P. Effect of egg weight on hatching characteristics of Emu eggs. The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 2014; 84(9): 992-994.
  • Kinder L. Emu today and tomorrow. University of Arkansas Emu Research, Nardin, Oklahoma 1993; 164-167.
  • Koshiishi Y., Wada K. Genetic structure and origin of emu populations in Japanese farms inferred from large-scale SNP genotyping based on double-digest RAD-seq. Scientific Reports 2024; 14(1): 6982.
  • Majewska D., Szczerbińska D., Tarasewicz Z., Ligocki M., Da Czak A., Nedzusiak LS., Sammel A. Age-related changes in the quality of Emu eggs. Arch. Geflügelk. 2008; 72(4): 168-173.
  • Minnar P., Minnar M. The emu farmers handbook. Induna Company, Groveton, 1998, Texas.
  • Murugan M., Tensing Gnanaraj P., Sivakumar T. Egg quality characteristics of Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae). The Indian Journal of Field Veterinarians 2013; 9(1): 41-42.
  • Nußstein C. Untersuchung der Haltungsbedingungen von nandus (Rhea americana), emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae) und Straußen (Struthio camelus) in Süddeutschland, 2009.
  • Paganelli CV., Olszowka A., Ar A. The avian egg: Surface area, volume and density. The Condor 1974; 76: 319-325.
  • Perkas O., Pomraenke M., Greiser J., Porwoll V., Wiegand S., Kuehnel C., Winkens T., Freesmeyer M. Suitability of Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) eggs forin ovo imaging research as an alternative to conventional animal model: First experience and non-invasive investigation of physiological embryonal development oncomputed tomography. Acta Zoologica 2024; 106: 55-64.
  • Quintero JCP., Torres-Cordido KAA., Moreira YR., Rocha SS., Reis TL., de Moraes JE., Calixto LFL. Physicochemicaland morphometric characterization of eggs from emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae). South African Journal of Animal Science 2022; 52(1): 50-56.
  • Rao SN., Nageswarao AR., Prasad VLK., Reddy VR. Performance of Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) breeders. Indian Journal of Poultry Sciences 2005; 40: 213-18.
  • Rao SN., Nageswara AR., Prasad VLK., Reddt VR. Characteristics of the Emu (Dromaius novaehollandae) egg. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 2008; 78(12): 1423-1425.
  • Rahn H., Ar A. Gas exchange of the avian egg: Time, structure and function. Amer Zoology 1980; 20: 477-484.
  • Rahn H., Paganelli CV. Length, breadth, and elongation of avian eggs from the tables of Schönwetter. Journal of Ornithology 1988; 129: 366-369.
  • Rahn H., Paganelli CV. Shell mass, thickness and density of avian eggs derived from the tables of Schönwetter. Journal of Ornithology 1989; 130: 59-68.
  • Rahn H., Paganelli CV. Gas fluxes in avian eggs: Driving forces and the pathway for exchange. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 1990; 95(1): 1-15.
  • Jales J. The Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae): A review of its biology and commercial products. Avian and Poultry Reviews 2007; 18(1): 1-20.
  • Senthilkumar PS., Richard Jagatheesan PN., Anna Anandh M., Rajarajan G., Paramasivam A. Influence of incubation temperature on Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) egg hatchability. Indian Journal of Animal Science 2012; 82(5): 527-529.
  • Senthilkumar PS., Richard Jagatheesan PN., Anna Anandh M., Rajarajan G., Lurthureetha T. Production performances and egg characteristics of Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) birds. Indian Journal of Animal Research 2014; 48(1): 78-82.
  • Stewart JS. Ratite incubation. Proceedings of the Association of Avian Veterinarians, New Orleans, 1992; 336-39.
  • Szczerbiňska D., Danczak A., Tarasewicz Z. A relationship between Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) egg quality and hatching rate. Arch. Geflügelk. 1999; 63(4): 185-187.
  • Wierciñska M., Szczerbiñska D. The ostrich and Emu egg hatchability with reference to dead embryo analysis. Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universies 2005; 8(4): 1-15.

Determination of Some Characteristics of Incubated Unfertilized Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) Eggs

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 4, 1964 - 1974, 16.09.2025

Sema Alaşahan , Mehmet Hanifi Yalçın , Aysel Eraslan Şakar

https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1756559

Abstract

The study was conducted to determine the weight, shell characteristics, internal characteristics, and weight loss of unfertilized emu eggs before and after incubation. Eggs collected from 2 female Emu raised in a private facility in the Antakya district of Hatay in 2022 were used in the study. Emu eggs were kept at 37.5 oC and 60% humidity and monitored for 56 days. Egg weight was determined before incubation, and using this weight value, egg height, and egg width were determined with the formula. In addition, shape index, elongation, pore count, pore density, shell weight, and egg shell index were determined. After incubation, the whole egg weight, content weight, and weight of the shell with uncleaned inner surface of the unfertilized eggs were determined. Absolute and relative weight loss was determined using pre-incubation and post-incubation egg weight. The mean shell thickness of unfertilized eggs was determined using the mathematical formula

Keywords

Emu egg Content amount Shell characteristics Emerald green

References

  • Adewumi AA., Ayodele IA., Lameed GA. The effect of incubator type on hatchability and chick survival of Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae). Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 2008; 12(2): 13-15.
  • Ahmed AMH., Rodriguez-Navarro AB., Vidal ML., Gautron J., Garcia-Ruiz JM., Nys Y. Changes in eggshell mechanical properties, crystallographic texture andin matrix proteins induced by moult in hens. British Poultry Science 2005; 46(3): 268-279.
  • Alabi JO., Bhanja SK., Goel A., Mehra M., Fafiolu AO. Chicken embryogenesis: Influence of egg quality traits on embryo morphology. Indian Journal of Poultry Science 2018; 53(3): 324-330.
  • Alasahan S., Copur AG. Hatching characteristics and growth performance of eggs with different egg shapes. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science 2016; 18(1): 001-008.
  • Alaşahan S., Günlü A. Determination of egg quality characteristics of different poultry species with digital image analysis. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 2012; 18(6): 979-986.
  • Al-Obaidi F., Al-Shadeedi S. Comparison study of egg morphology, component and chemical composition of ostrich, emu and native chickens. Journal of Genetic Environmental Resources Conservation 2015; 3(2): 132-137.
  • Boopathi V., Sivakumar T., Tensingh Gnanaraj P. Quality and hatching performance of Emu eggs. The Indian Veterinary Journal 2012; 89(1): 87-88.
  • Buttemer WA., Astheimer L., Dawson TJ. Thermal and water relations of emu eggs during natural incubation. Physiological Zoology 1988; 61(6): 483-494.
  • Dañczak A., Majewska D. Emu (Dromaius novaeholandiae) hatch success and controls on hatchlings survival. Advances in Agricultural Sciences 1999; 6(1): 25-30.
  • Davies SJJF. The natural history of the emu in comparison with that of the other ratite Pp. 109-120 in Proceedings of the 16th International Ornithological Conference, 1976; Canberra, Australia.
  • Dzialowski EM., Sotherland PR. Maternal effects of egg size on Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) egg composition and hatchling phenotype. Journal of Experimental Biology 2004; 207(4): 597-606.
  • Hoyt DF. Practical methods of estimating volume and fresh weight of bird eggs. The Auk 1979; 96: 73-77.
  • Jagatheesan PNR., Anna Anandh M., Senthil Kumar P. Effect of egg weight on hatching characteristics of Emu eggs. The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 2014; 84(9): 992-994.
  • Kinder L. Emu today and tomorrow. University of Arkansas Emu Research, Nardin, Oklahoma 1993; 164-167.
  • Koshiishi Y., Wada K. Genetic structure and origin of emu populations in Japanese farms inferred from large-scale SNP genotyping based on double-digest RAD-seq. Scientific Reports 2024; 14(1): 6982.
  • Majewska D., Szczerbińska D., Tarasewicz Z., Ligocki M., Da Czak A., Nedzusiak LS., Sammel A. Age-related changes in the quality of Emu eggs. Arch. Geflügelk. 2008; 72(4): 168-173.
  • Minnar P., Minnar M. The emu farmers handbook. Induna Company, Groveton, 1998, Texas.
  • Murugan M., Tensing Gnanaraj P., Sivakumar T. Egg quality characteristics of Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae). The Indian Journal of Field Veterinarians 2013; 9(1): 41-42.
  • Nußstein C. Untersuchung der Haltungsbedingungen von nandus (Rhea americana), emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae) und Straußen (Struthio camelus) in Süddeutschland, 2009.
  • Paganelli CV., Olszowka A., Ar A. The avian egg: Surface area, volume and density. The Condor 1974; 76: 319-325.
  • Perkas O., Pomraenke M., Greiser J., Porwoll V., Wiegand S., Kuehnel C., Winkens T., Freesmeyer M. Suitability of Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) eggs forin ovo imaging research as an alternative to conventional animal model: First experience and non-invasive investigation of physiological embryonal development oncomputed tomography. Acta Zoologica 2024; 106: 55-64.
  • Quintero JCP., Torres-Cordido KAA., Moreira YR., Rocha SS., Reis TL., de Moraes JE., Calixto LFL. Physicochemicaland morphometric characterization of eggs from emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae). South African Journal of Animal Science 2022; 52(1): 50-56.
  • Rao SN., Nageswarao AR., Prasad VLK., Reddy VR. Performance of Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) breeders. Indian Journal of Poultry Sciences 2005; 40: 213-18.
  • Rao SN., Nageswara AR., Prasad VLK., Reddt VR. Characteristics of the Emu (Dromaius novaehollandae) egg. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 2008; 78(12): 1423-1425.
  • Rahn H., Ar A. Gas exchange of the avian egg: Time, structure and function. Amer Zoology 1980; 20: 477-484.
  • Rahn H., Paganelli CV. Length, breadth, and elongation of avian eggs from the tables of Schönwetter. Journal of Ornithology 1988; 129: 366-369.
  • Rahn H., Paganelli CV. Shell mass, thickness and density of avian eggs derived from the tables of Schönwetter. Journal of Ornithology 1989; 130: 59-68.
  • Rahn H., Paganelli CV. Gas fluxes in avian eggs: Driving forces and the pathway for exchange. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 1990; 95(1): 1-15.
  • Jales J. The Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae): A review of its biology and commercial products. Avian and Poultry Reviews 2007; 18(1): 1-20.
  • Senthilkumar PS., Richard Jagatheesan PN., Anna Anandh M., Rajarajan G., Paramasivam A. Influence of incubation temperature on Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) egg hatchability. Indian Journal of Animal Science 2012; 82(5): 527-529.
  • Senthilkumar PS., Richard Jagatheesan PN., Anna Anandh M., Rajarajan G., Lurthureetha T. Production performances and egg characteristics of Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) birds. Indian Journal of Animal Research 2014; 48(1): 78-82.
  • Stewart JS. Ratite incubation. Proceedings of the Association of Avian Veterinarians, New Orleans, 1992; 336-39.
  • Szczerbiňska D., Danczak A., Tarasewicz Z. A relationship between Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) egg quality and hatching rate. Arch. Geflügelk. 1999; 63(4): 185-187.
  • Wierciñska M., Szczerbiñska D. The ostrich and Emu egg hatchability with reference to dead embryo analysis. Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universies 2005; 8(4): 1-15.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Poultry Farming and Treatment
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLES
Authors

Sema Alaşahan

Mehmet Hanifi Yalçın 0000-0002-5117-7653

Aysel Eraslan Şakar This is me 0000-0002-9230-1622

Publication Date September 16, 2025
Submission Date August 1, 2025
Acceptance Date August 14, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 8 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Alaşahan, S., Yalçın, M. H., & Eraslan Şakar, A. (2025). Determination of Some Characteristics of Incubated Unfertilized Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) Eggs. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(4), 1964-1974. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1756559
AMA Alaşahan S, Yalçın MH, Eraslan Şakar A. Determination of Some Characteristics of Incubated Unfertilized Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) Eggs. Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Journal of The Institute of Science and Techno. September 2025;8(4):1964-1974. doi:10.47495/okufbed.1756559
Chicago Alaşahan, Sema, Mehmet Hanifi Yalçın, and Aysel Eraslan Şakar. “Determination of Some Characteristics of Incubated Unfertilized Emu (Dromaius Novaehollandiae) Eggs”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 8, no. 4 (September 2025): 1964-74. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1756559.
EndNote Alaşahan S, Yalçın MH, Eraslan Şakar A (September 1, 2025) Determination of Some Characteristics of Incubated Unfertilized Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) Eggs. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 8 4 1964–1974.
IEEE S. Alaşahan, M. H. Yalçın, and A. Eraslan Şakar, “Determination of Some Characteristics of Incubated Unfertilized Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) Eggs”, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Journal of The Institute of Science and Techno, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 1964–1974, 2025, doi: 10.47495/okufbed.1756559.
ISNAD Alaşahan, Sema et al. “Determination of Some Characteristics of Incubated Unfertilized Emu (Dromaius Novaehollandiae) Eggs”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 8/4 (September2025), 1964-1974. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1756559.
JAMA Alaşahan S, Yalçın MH, Eraslan Şakar A. Determination of Some Characteristics of Incubated Unfertilized Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) Eggs. Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Journal of The Institute of Science and Techno. 2025;8:1964–1974.
MLA Alaşahan, Sema et al. “Determination of Some Characteristics of Incubated Unfertilized Emu (Dromaius Novaehollandiae) Eggs”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 4, 2025, pp. 1964-7, doi:10.47495/okufbed.1756559.
Vancouver Alaşahan S, Yalçın MH, Eraslan Şakar A. Determination of Some Characteristics of Incubated Unfertilized Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) Eggs. Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Journal of The Institute of Science and Techno. 2025;8(4):1964-7.

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