Details
- Publication date
- 13 October 2025
- Author
- Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion
Description
The aim of this ECE Thematic Review and of the present synthesis report is to review the most recent data and expert knowledge on the phenomenon of people of working age outside the labour force, to understand drivers for not being in the labour force, and thus for being neither employed nor looking and being available for employment, and to map relevant policies and measures in the Member States to (re-) activate people outside the labour force in light of high and persistent labour and skills shortages.

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