Astronomy:NGC 3978

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NGC 3978
Sloan Digital Sky Survey image of spiral galaxy NGC 3978 (center) and NGC 3975 (right)
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationUrsa Major
Right ascension 11h 56m 10.3326s[1]
Declination+60° 31′ 20.969″[1]
Redshift0.033176
Helio radial velocity9,946 km/s
Distance459 Mly (140.7 Mpc)
Apparent magnitude (V)13.4
Characteristics
TypeSABbc, HII, SABbc?
Size~240,600 ly (73.78 kpc) (estimated)[1]
Apparent size (V)1.29′ × 1.16′[1]
Other designations
PGC 37502, UGC 6910, CGCG 292-047, MCG +10-17-105, 2MASX J11561045+6031300, 2MASS J11561030+6031209, HOLM 306A, IRAS 11535+6047, SDSS J115610.31+603121.1, NVSS J115610+603121

NGC 3978 is a large intermediate spiral galaxy with a bar[2] located in the constellation of Ursa Major.[3] It is located 460 million light-years away from the Solar System[1] and was discovered by William Herschel on March 19, 1790, but also observed by John Herschel on April 14, 1831.[4]

NGC 3978 has a luminosity class of II-III and it has a broad H II region which contains regions of ionized hydrogen.[1] In addition, it is categorized as a LINER galaxy by SIMBAD,[5] meaning its nucleus presents an emission spectrum which is characterized by broad lines of weakly ionized atoms.[5]

According to Vaucouleurs and Corwin, NGC 3978 and NGC 3975 form a galaxy pair with each other.[6]

Supernovae

Four supernovae have been observed NGC 3978:

  • SN 2003cq[7] was discovered on March 30, 2003, by British astronomer Ron Arbour.[8] It was located 32" east and 2.3" south of the nucleus with a magnitude of 17.1.[9] This supernova was Type Ia.[7][10]
  • SN 2008I was discovered by astronomers P. Thrasher, W. Li, and Alex Filippenko as part of Lick Observatory Supernova Search (LOSS) on January 2, 2008.[11] It was located 3.7" west and 10.4" north of the nucleus with magnitude of 19.1.[12] The supernova was Type II[13] which possibly resulted from a collapse of a massive star.[citation needed]
  • SN 2020kay (Type II, mag. 18.5) was discovered by ATLAS on 15 May 2020.[14]
  • SN 2025ddb (Type II, mag. 18.566) was discovered by ATLAS on 2 March 2025.[15]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 "Results for object NGC 3978". NASA and Caltech. https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/byname?objname=NGC+3978. 
  2. ↑ "HyperLeda -object description". http://atlas.obs-hp.fr/hyperleda/ledacat.cgi?o=NGC%203978. 
  3. ↑ "NGC 3978". http://spider.seds.org/ngc/ngc.cgi?CatalogNumber=NGC+3978. 
  4. ↑ "New General Catalog Objects: NGC 3950 - 3999". https://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc39a.htm#3978. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "NGC 3978 - LINER-type Active Galaxy Nucleus". https://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic. 
  6. ↑ de Vaucouleurs, Gérard (1976). Second Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies: Containing Information on 4,364 Galaxies with References to Papers Published Between 1964 and 1975 [by] Gerard de Vaucouleurs [and Others].. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-75507-9. Bibcode: 1976srcb.book.....D. [page needed]
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "SN 2003cq | Transient Name Server". https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2003cq. 
  8. ↑ "Ron Arbour - Supernova hunter and astrophotographer". http://mstecker.com/pages/apparbour.htm. 
  9. ↑ "Bright Supernovae - 2003.". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2003/index.html#2003cq. 
  10. ↑ Pan, Yen-Chen (2020). "High-velocity Type Ia Supernova Has a Unique Host Environment". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 895 (1): L5. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab8e47. Bibcode: 2020ApJ...895L...5P. 
  11. ↑ "SN 2008I". https://w.astro.berkeley.edu/bait/2008/sn2008I.html. 
  12. ↑ "Bright Supernovae - 2008.". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2008/index.html#2008I. 
  13. ↑ "SN 2008I | Transient Name Server". https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2008I. 
  14. ↑ "SN 2020kay". IAU. https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2020kay. 
  15. ↑ "SN 2025ddb". IAU. https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2025ddb. 



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