Chemistry:Romifidine

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Romifidine is a drug that is used in veterinary medicine as a sedative mainly in large animals such as horses,[1] although it may be used in a wide variety of species.[2][3] It is not used in humans, but is closely related in structure to the commonly used drug clonidine.

Romifidine acts as an agonist at the α2 adrenergic receptor subtype. Side effects can include bradycardia and respiratory depression. It is often used alongside other sedative or analgesic drugs such as ketamine or butorphanol.[4][5] Yohimbine can be used as an antidote to rapidly reverse the effects.

Use

Romifidine is licensed for cats and dogs in several countries. Romifidine is licensed for non-meat horses. Romifidine may produce less ataxia during standing sedation than other α2-adrenergic receptor agonists.[6]

Pharmacology

Romifidine is an α2-adrenergic receptor agonist that binds at a ratio of 340:1 over the imidazoline receptor.[6]

Side effects

Romifidine administration in sheep activates pulmonary macrophages that damage the endothelium of capillaries and alveolar type I cells. This in turns causes alveolar haemorrhage and oedema causing hypoxaemia.[6][7][8]

References

  1. ↑ "Effect of romifidine on the nociceptive withdrawal reflex and temporal summation in conscious horses". American Journal of Veterinary Research 66 (11): 1992–1998. November 2005. doi:10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.1992. PMID 16334961. 
  2. ↑ "Pharmacokinetics of intramuscular ketamine in young ostriches premedicated with romifidine". Journal of Veterinary Medicine. A, Physiology, Pathology, Clinical Medicine 54 (1): 48–50. February 2007. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0442.2007.00910.x. PMID 17359455. 
  3. ↑ "Sedative and cardiorespiratory effects of three doses of romifidine in comparison with medetomidine in five cats". The Veterinary Record 162 (3): 82–87. January 2008. doi:10.1136/vr.162.3.82. PMID 18204032. 
  4. ↑ "Comparison of morphine and butorphanol as pre-anaesthetic agents in combination with romifidine for field castration in ponies". Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 32 (1): 16–22. January 2005. doi:10.1111/j.1467-2995.2004.00184.x. PMID 15663735. 
  5. ↑ "Cardiopulmonary effects of romifidine/ketamine or xylazine/ketamine when used for short duration anesthesia in the horse". Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research 68 (4): 274–282. October 2004. PMID 15581222. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "Sedatives and Tranquilizers". Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia, The 6th Edition of Lumb and Jones. Wiley Blackwell. 11 September 2024. pp. 338–344. ISBN 978-1-119-83027-6. 
  7. ↑ "Histopathologic alterations induced in the lungs of sheep by use of alpha2-adrenergic receptor agonists". American Journal of Veterinary Research (Am J Vet Res) 60 (2): 154–161. Feb 1999. doi:10.2460/ajvr.1999.60.02.154. ISSN 0002-9645. PMID 10048544. 
  8. ↑ "The comparative hypoxaemic effect of four α 2 adrenoceptor agonists (xylazine, romifidine, detomidine and medetomidine) in sheep". Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 20 (6): 464–471. 1997. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2885.1997.00097.x. ISSN 0140-7783. PMID 9430770. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-2885.1997.00097.x. 




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