Social:Niece and nephew

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Short description: Child of one's sibling or half-sibling
"Nephew" redirects here. For other uses, see Nephew (disambiguation).
"Niece" redirects here. For a more distant relation, see second niece. For the stock car team, see Niece Motorsports.
"Nibling" redirects here. It is not to be confused with Nibbling.
"Great nephew" redirects here. For the racehorse, see Great Nephew.
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In the lineal kinship system used in the English-speaking world, a niece or nephew is a child of an individual's sibling or sibling-in-law. A niece is female and a nephew is male, and they would call their parents' siblings aunt or uncle. The gender-neutral term nibling has been used in place of the common terms, especially in specialist literature.[1]

As aunt/uncle and niece/nephew are separated by one generation, they are an example of a second-degree relationship. Unless related by marriage, they are 25% or more related by blood if the aunt/uncle is a full sibling of one of the parents, or 12.5% if they are a half-sibling.

Etymology and lexicology

The word nephew is derived from the French word neveu which is derived from the Latin nepos.[2] The term nepotism, meaning familial loyalty, is derived from this Latin term.[3] Niece entered Middle English from the Old French word nece, which also derives from Latin nepotem.[4]

The word nibling, derived from sibling, is a neologism suggested by Samuel Martin in 1951 as a cover term for "nephew or niece"; it is not common outside of specialist literature.[1] Sometimes in discussions involving analytic material or in abstract literature, terms such as male nibling and female nibling are preferred to describe nephews and nieces respectively.[5] Terms such as nibling are also sometimes viewed as a gender-neutral alternative to terms which may be viewed as perpetuating the overgenderization of the English language;[6] it can also be used likewise to refer to non-binary relatives.[7]

These French-derived terms displaced the Middle English nyfte, nift, nifte, from Old English nift, from Proto-Germanic *niftiz ('niece'); and the Middle English neve, neave, from Old English nefa, from Proto-Germanic *nefô ('nephew').[8][9][10][11]

Culture

Traditionally, a nephew was the logical recipient of his uncle's inheritance if the latter did not have a successor. A nephew might have more rights of inheritance than the uncle's daughter.[12][13]

In social environments that lacked a stable home or environments such as refugee situations, uncles and fathers would equally be assigned responsibility for their sons and nephews.[14]

Among parents, some cultures have assigned equal status in their social status to daughters and nieces. This is, for instance, the case in Indian communities in Mauritius,[15] and the Thai Nakhon Phanom Province, where the transfer of cultural knowledge such as weaving was distributed equally among daughters, nieces and nieces-in-law by the Tai So community,[16] and some Garifuna people that would transmit languages to their nieces.[17] In some proselytizing communities the term niece was informally extended to include non-related younger female community members as a form of endearment.[18] Among some tribes in Manus Province of Papua New Guinea, women's roles as sisters, daughters and nieces may have taken precedence over their marital status in social importance.[19]

Additional terms

  • A grandnephew or grandniece is the grandson or granddaughter of one's sibling.[20] Also called great-nephew / great-niece.[21]
  • A half-niece or half-nephew is the child of one's half-sibling, related by 12.5%.[22][23]

In some cultures and family traditions, it is common to refer to cousins with one or more removals to a newer generation using some form of the word niece or nephew. For more information see cousin.

Some languages, such as Polish, have different words for a brother's son and daughter, as well as for a sister's son and daughter. A brother's daughter is "bratanica", and a brother's son is "bratanek," while a sister's daughter is "siostrzenica", and a sister's son is "siostrzeniec"[24].

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Conklin, Harold C. (1964). "Ethnogenealogical method". in Ward Hunt Goodenough. Explorations in Cultural Anthropology: Essays in Honor of George Peter Murdock. McGraw-Hill. p. 35. https://archive.org/details/explorationsincu00good. 
  2. ↑ "nephew (n.)". Online Etymology Dictionary. Douglas Harper. http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=nephew. 
  3. ↑ Meakins, Felicity (2016). Loss and Renewal: Australian Languages Since Colonisation. p. 91. 
  4. ↑ "niece, n.". Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. June 2016. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/126872?redirectedFrom=niece. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  5. ↑ Keen, Ian (1985). "Definitions of kin". Journal of Anthropological Research 41 (1): 62–90. doi:10.1086/jar.41.1.3630271. 
  6. ↑ Hill, Jane H.; Kenneth C. Hill (1997). "Culture Influencing Language: Plurals of Hopi Kin Terms in Comparative Uto-Aztecan Perspective". Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 7 (2): 166–180. doi:10.1525/jlin.1997.7.2.166. 
  7. ↑ Aviles, Gwen (August 24, 2020). "Jennifer Lopez shares video about transgender 'nibling,' Brendon". NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/jennifer-lopez-shares-video-about-transgender-nibling-brendon-n1237838. 
  8. ↑ Buck, Carl Darling (3 July 2008). A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226228860. https://books.google.com/books?id=PvhJCgAAQBAJ&q=nyfte,+nephew&pg=PT57. 
  9. ↑ Ringe, Don, p. 96  Wikidata Q131605459
  10. ↑ Jones, William Jervis (19 March 1990). German kinship terms, 750–1500: documentation and analysis. W. de Gruyter. ISBN 9780899255736. https://books.google.com/books?id=DcdbAAAAMAAJ&q=proto+germanic+nefo. 
  11. ↑ Mallory, J. P.; Adams, Douglas Q. (19 March 1997). Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781884964985. https://books.google.com/books?id=tzU3RIV2BWIC&q=proto+germanic+nefo&pg=PA239. 
  12. ↑ Stahl, Anne (2007). Victims who Do Not Cooperate with Law Enforcement in Domestic Violence Incidents. p. 19. 
  13. ↑ Chakraborty, Eshani. "Marginality, Modes of insecurity and Indigenous Women of Northern Bangladesh". http://calternatives.org/resource/pdf/Marginality,%20Modes%20of%20insecurity%20and%20Indigenous%20Women%20of%20Northern%20Bangladesh.pdf. 
  14. ↑ Atlani, Laàtitia; Rousseau, C…Cile (2000). "The Politics of Culture in Humanitarian Aid to Women Refugees Who Have Experienced Sexual Violence". Transcultural Psychiatry (McGill University) 37 (3): 435–449. doi:10.1177/136346150003700309. 
  15. ↑ Hazareesingh, K. (January 1966). "Comparative Studies in Society and History — The Religion and Culture of Indian Immigrants in Mauritius and the Effect of Social Change — Cambridge Journals Online". Comparative Studies in Society and History 8 (2): 241–257. doi:10.1017/S0010417500004023. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=4403988&fileId=S0010417500004023. Retrieved 2016-04-11. 
  16. ↑ "Knowledge Management on Local Wisdom of Tai-so Community Weaving Culture in Phone Sawan District, Nakhon Phanom Province". http://www.npu.ac.th/researchnpu/pdf/5/4.pdf. 
  17. ↑ "Language transmission in a Garifuna community: Challenging current notions about language death". https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3707526. 
  18. ↑ "Divine Domesticities : Christian Paradoxes in Asia and the Pacific". http://www.oapen.org/download?type=document&docid=515932#page=25. 
  19. ↑ Gustaffson, Berit (1999). Traditions and Modernities in Gender Roles: Transformations in Kinship and Marriage Among the M'Buke from Manus Province. p. 7. 
  20. ↑ "Definition of Grandnephew by Merriam-Webster". Merriam-Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/grandnephew. 
  21. ↑ "Definition of Great-nephew by Merriam-Webster". Merriam-Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/great-nephew. 
  22. ↑ "Definition Of Half Niece by Merriam-Webster". Merriam-webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/half%20niece. 
  23. ↑ "Definition Of Half Nephew by Merriam-Webster". Merriam-webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/half%20nephew. 
  24. ↑ Anna (2009-05-22). "Who's Who in the Family". https://blogs.transparent.com/polish/whos-who-in-the-family/. 



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