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Europe’s digital ecosystem remains heavily dependent on non-EU software and cloud providers. This study maps these dependencies, as well the geopolitical and economic risks they raise. It finds that US firms dominate all major software layers, exposing Europe to strategic vulnerabilities. The report also outlines policy options and areas of action to strengthen Europe’s technological autonomy and resilience. This report was prepared for the Policy Department for Transformation, Innovation and Health ...

This briefing provides an overview of the link between energy security and the European defence industry. It examines the sector’s energy needs and risks, the operational and strategic opportunities offered by renewable energy and energy efficiency, and the role of strategic reserves and stockpiling in mitigating supply disruptions. Hybrid threats targeting energy infrastructure are also considered. Drawing on data, case studies, and expert insights, the report aims to shed light on progress, ongoing ...

On 21 October 2025, the European Commission under Ursula von der Leyen's second mandate adopted its work programme for 2026 (2026 CWP). In line with the Commission President's political guidelines and letter of intent and highlighting the need for full implementation of Mario Draghi's competitiveness report, the 2026 CWP places a strong emphasis on competitiveness, innovation and collective security. In parallel, the Commission commits to advancing simplification, implementation, and this year, also ...

Quantum technologies are developing rapidly. They have extensive uses in secure communications, energy, healthcare, manufacturing, defence and security, and space, and may bring about a change of paradigm in technological capabilities. Their economic and strategic value makes them a high priority for EU strategic autonomy. The new Quantum Europe Strategy intends to establish the EU as a global leader in quantum technologies by 2030. This paper explores the potential paths the EU can take to establish ...

On 9 September 2025, the European Commission presented its latest strategic foresight report – 'Resilience 2.0: empowering the EU to thrive amid turbulence and uncertainty' – the first such report of the second von der Leyen Commission. Building on established trends, it provides updates on global and EU-specific challenges. The four EU-specific challenges outlined in the report require balancing competitiveness and strategic autonomy, technological innovation and appropriate safeguards, sustained ...

This briefing explores the potential of generative AI in supporting foresight analysis and strategic decision-making. Recent technological developments promise an increased role for large language models (LLMs) in policy research and analysis. From identifying trends and weak signals to fleshing out rich scenario narratives and bringing them to life in experiential and immersive ways, generative AI is empowering foresight analysts in their endeavour to anticipate uncertainties and support policymakers ...

Foresight is increasingly used to explore future EU policies. Foresight methodology combines an evidence-based approach – including literature review, surveys and trend analysis – with the imagination of possible futures, usually based on expert views and scenarios. The application of foresight to long-term decision-making is usually referred to as strategic foresight. Used in a policy context as 'policy foresight', it is mostly used in agenda setting, strategic planning or to support policy design ...

The European Commission's communication on a vision for agriculture and food, published in February 2025, aims to secure the long-term competitiveness and sustainability of the farming and food sector. The document consists of four distinct parts: making agriculture an attractive sector with affordable food for all, a competitive and resilient sector, a future-proof sector that is sustainable and contributes to food security, and a vibrant sector with fair living and working conditions. To future-proof ...

The purpose of this briefing is to provide support to the European Parliament delegation to the 13th session of the United Nations High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development, taking place 14-23 July 2025 at the United Nations (UN) Headquarters, under the auspices of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). The briefing provides an overview of the progress made on the SDG implementation by the global community and the EU, as well as key issues at stake in the meeting. This document ...

This briefing has been prepared by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens, Equality and Culture at the request of the FEMM Committee, in the framework of the workshop ‘Consent-based rape legislation in the EU’ (organised on 19 May 2025). It provides a brief overview of literature and guidance as regards understanding consent, and highlights examples of evidence-based consent education and awareness raising initiatives.