Mădălina Simona Bălțatu

By Petrică Vizureanu, Mădălina Simona Bălțatu and Andrei Victor Sandu

The use of titanium and titanium-based alloys with applications in implantology and dentistry has made remarkable progress in the promotion of new technologies and new materials that have been developed in recent years. This is justified thanks to their excellent mechanical, physical, and biological performance. Today’s generation promotes new titanium alloys, with nontoxic elements and long-term performance and without rejection of the human body. This book chapter describes new original compositions of Ti-based alloys for medical applications, with improved properties compared to existing classical alloys (C.p. Ti, Ti6Al4V, CoCrMo, etc.). The addition of nontoxic elements such as Mo, Si, Zr, and Ta brings benefits as reduced modulus of elasticity, increased corrosion resistance, and improved biocompatibility.

Part of the book: Biomaterials

By Petrica Vizureanu, Dumitru Doru Burduhos Nergis, Andrei Victor Sandu, Diana Petronela Burduhos Nergis and Madalina Simona Baltatu

Mine tailings are waste materials that resulted from the extraction and processing of raw materials to form mineral products. These dusty particles present negative environmental effects after being deposited in different types of dumping areas. Based on the circular economy concepts and the presently pushing need of identifying wastes as a potential replacement for natural resources, this chapter aims to present the physical (density, microstructure) and mechanical (compressive strength, flexural strength) characteristics of different types of geopolymers which use mine tailings as precursors or blended systems (mixes of different raw materials). The main reasons of approaching this topic are the need to decrease the consumption of natural resources, reduce environmental pollution and create an economic system aimed to capitalize the mining wastes. Accordingly, this chapter includes information regarding the availability of this waste and its potential utilization as a raw material in civil engineering applications. Therefore, reports of specific agencies and multiple research studies which approach tailing based geopolymers or blended systems have been summarized.

Part of the book: Advances in Geopolymer-Zeolite Composites

By Petrică Vizureanu, Mădălina Simona Bălțatu, Andrei Victor Sandu, Dragos Cristian Achitei, Dumitru Doru Burduhos Nergis and Manuela Cristina Perju

Bioactive glasses are very attractive materials, used for tissue engineering materials, usually to fill and restore bone defects. This category of biomaterials, show considerable potential for orthopaedic surgery because they can promote bone tissue regeneration. Many trace elements have been incorporated in the glass network, an example is metallic glasses to obtain the desired properties. Because of tolerable mechanical properties, and because they are able to bond to living bone and stimulate its regeneration, this bioactive glasses have a particular interest and are in a continuous research and improvement. The chapter presents the history of bioactive glasses, classification, include a summary of common fabrication methods, applications, surface coatings, applications and future trends in relation to human bone. This review highlight new trends and areas of future research for bioactive glasses.

Part of the book: Current Concepts in Dental Implantology

By Petrica Vizureanu, Madalina-Simona Baltatu, Andrei-Victor Sandu, Dragos-Cristian Achitei, Dumitru-Doru Burduhos-Nergis and Manuela-Cristina Perju

The solar furnace works by using the electric energy produced by a photovoltaic system, which converts solar energy, solar radiation, into electric energy. The performances of the solar furnace used in various applications from industry are influenced by various factors. One of these factors imposes the acquisitions of certain large densities of the radiant power, and it requires a geometric form of the concentrator. The research is based on the behavior of some metallic alloys at elevated temperatures, for purifying some materials and for the achievement of some chemical synthesis. An important technological condition is a temperature which is achieved by concentrating solar radiation. This temperature is necessary to produce metallic material in the crucible, without other complementary energy for the thermal process. Steel or aluminum production requires very high quantities of thermal energy. Usually, this energy is given by electric power, natural gases, or conventional fuels. The solar furnace uses the energy given by the sun. For the manufacturing of the electrothermal furnaces, a series of specific materials are used, which are necessary for the obtaining of the furnace chamber, for the heating elements, as well as for the measurement systems of the temperature.

Part of the book: Latest Research on Energy Recovery

By Petrica Vizureanu, Madalina Simona Baltatu and Andrei Victor Sandu

Taking into account the speed of industrial development and market request for novel biocompatible alloys, the urge of creating sustainable materials pushes the research forward. Among the many biomaterials that can be incorporated into the human body, in the class of metal alloys, titanium and titanium alloys are regarded as some of the most important biomaterials because of their resistance to the effects of body fluids, high tensile strength, flexibility, and corrosion resistance, as well as their unique combination of strength and biocompatibility. In present chapter several novel recipes for titanium alloys are presented and characterized (Ti-Mo-Si and Ti-Mo-Zr-Ta-Si systems).

Part of the book: Novel Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering

By Mihaela Claudia Spataru, Madalina Simona Baltatu, Andrei Victor Sandu and Petrica Vizureanu

The field of biomaterials has witnessed significant advancements in recent years, with increasing applications in various medical disciplines. This book chapter provides an overview of the trends in biomaterials applications, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Biomaterials play a critical role in improving patient outcomes, enabling the development of innovative medical devices, and enhancing the quality of life. They find extensive use in orthopedics, esthetic surgery, ophthalmology, maxillofacial surgery, cardiology, urology, neurology, and other medical specialties. While biomaterials offer numerous benefits, their selection and design depend on specific medical applications. Biocompatibility, adequate mechanical properties, physical and chemical characteristics, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and osseointegration are important considerations. However, the complexity of the biological environment and the lack of detailed knowledge about in vivo conditions pose challenges. The success of an implant replacement relies on the tissue-material interface, which varies based on the desired outcome. Hemocompatible behavior is necessary for implants in contact with blood, whereas osseointegrated implants require a strong interaction for high adhesion force. This chapter also discusses the limitations of biomaterials, including immune reactions, limited biocompatibility, durability issues, interactions with the surrounding environment, lack of regeneration, high costs, and design constraints. It emphasizes the importance of ongoing research and development to overcome these limitations and advance the field of biomaterials.

Part of the book: Novel Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering

By Madalina Simona Baltatu, Petrică Vizureanu, Andrei Victor Sandu, Dragos Cristian Achitei, Manuela Cristina Perju, Dumitru Doru Burduhos-Nergis and Marcelin Benchea

Titanium, a considerable metal renowned for its exceptional properties, has found its way into numerous industrial, medical, and aerospace applications. This chapter provides an overview of titanium’s unique characteristics, which include high strength-to-weight ratio, excellent corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility, making it an ideal choice for diverse engineering and medical purposes. In the aerospace industry, titanium’s low density and remarkable strength make it an essential material for aircraft components, from engine components to structural parts. Its resistance to corrosion in aggressive environments also renders it invaluable for marine applications. Medical fields have accepted titanium for orthopedic implants, dental fixtures, and surgical instruments due to its biocompatibility and ability to integrate seamlessly with living tissues. In addition to its medical and aerospace applications, titanium is used in the automotive industry for lightweight components that enhance fuel efficiency and reduce emissions.

Part of the book: Titanium-Based Alloys

By Mădălina Simona Bălțatu, Petrică Vizureanu, Andrei Victor Sandu, Dragos Cristian Achitei, Dumitru Doru Burduhos Nergis, Manuela Cristina Perju and Marcin Nabiałek

The rapid evolution of technology necessitates the continuous development of materials that can fulfill a broad spectrum of industrial and technical requirements. Composite materials, while ancient in concept, have become increasingly significant in modern contexts due to their ability to integrate the favorable properties of their constituent materials. This chapter delves into biocomposites, a sustainable subcategory of composite materials that use natural fibers and biodegradable matrices to address current environmental challenges while reducing carbon footprints. Notably, biocomposites are utilized extensively in areas such as bioceramics for medical applications, including bone regeneration and cardiovascular implants. These materials are not only pivotal for reducing environmental impact but also play a critical role in the medical field by enhancing biointegration and promoting tissue regeneration. The utilization of biocomposites spans various industries including construction, automotive, and packaging, underscoring their importance due to their lightweight, durability, and sustainable properties. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive overview of biocomposites, exploring their key components, manufacturing techniques, applications, and their significant role in advancing sustainable and innovative industrial practices.

Part of the book: Composite Materials

By Mădălina Simona Bălțatu, Petrică Vizureanu, Andrei Victor Sandu, Andrei Pruteanu, Florin Ciolacu, Radu Fierascu, Mihaela Claudia Spataru and Marta Beata Krawczyk

Titanium, known for its good strength-to-weight ratio, superior corrosion resistance, low density, and durability, has become a pivotal material across a wide range of applications—from industrial and medical to aerospace. These unique properties make titanium and its alloys indispensable in fields requiring lightweight, strong, and corrosion-resistant materials. This chapter provides an in-depth overview of titanium alloys, focusing on the methods and processing techniques essential for their production. Beginning with a detailed examination of titanium’s properties, it explores the role of alloying elements that enhance these qualities for specific applications. The chapter further discusses the processing techniques used to produce titanium alloys, including melting, casting, and advanced fabrication methods. By understanding the relationship between alloy composition, processing methods, and resulting properties, this chapter aims to offer comprehensive insight into the science and engineering behind titanium alloys, emphasizing their broad applicability and the technological advancements driving their continued use in demanding environments.

Part of the book: Titanium Alloys

By Petrică Vizureanu, Andrei Pruteanu, Radu Claudiu Fierascu, Madalina Simona Baltatu, Paweł Pietrusiewicz, Andrei Victor Sandu and Marcin Nabiałek

Epoxy resins are widely used in industry due to their outstanding mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties. Advances in epoxy-based technologies have enabled the development of nanocomposites, self-healing systems, and bio-based formulations, creating opportunities for high-performance and sustainable applications. This review discusses the structure and key properties of epoxy resins, with emphasis on recent innovations. The addition of nanomaterials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes enhances strength, conductivity, and thermal stability. At the same time, self-healing strategies improve durability, reduce maintenance, and extend service life. The shift toward bio-based epoxies obtained from renewable sources is essential to lowering environmental impact, and current research is directed at achieving performance comparable to conventional solutions. In industry, advanced epoxies are critical in aerospace, automotive, electronics, and construction. Their use in composites for aircraft, electric vehicles, and compact electronics demonstrates both versatility and potential in modern technologies. Recent progress in processing, including 3D printing and optimized curing, contributes to higher efficiency and customization. In addition, artificial intelligence and computational tools are increasingly applied to design formulations adapted to specific industrial demands. In conclusion, epoxy materials continue to evolve through innovation and sustainability. Future efforts aim to optimize performance, reduce costs, and integrate eco-friendly epoxies into major industrial sectors, ensuring ongoing progress in advanced materials.

Part of the book: Epoxy