Log InRegister
Search For:
Mineral Name:
Locality Name:
Keyword(s):
 
Home PageAbout MindatThe Mindat ManualHistory of MindatCopyright StatusWho We AreOur ScienceMindat Newsletter [Free Download]Contact Us
Donate to MindatSponsor a PageCorporate SponsorshipSponsored Pages
Learning CenterWhat Is a Mineral?The Most Common Minerals on EarthInformation for EducatorsMindat ArticlesMindat Newsletter [Free Download]The ElementsThe Mineral Quiz
Search FormMinerals by PropertiesMinerals by ChemistryMineral Visual ExplorerAdvanced Locality SearchRandom MineralRandom LocalitySearch by minIDMinerals by CountryAlphabetical Mineral IndexAlphabetical Locality SearchMineral Association SearchList of CountriesLocalities Near MePhoto SearchSearch ArticlesSearch GlossaryThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryMore Search Options
The Mindat ManualAdd a New PhotoRate PhotosLocality Edit ReportCoordinate Completion ReportAdd Glossary Item
MineralsPetrologyFossilsMeteoritesGeologic Time
Mining CompaniesStatisticsMineral MuseumsClubs & OrganizationsMineral Shows & EventsDevice SettingsTime Machine
Read DiscussionsIdentification Request
Photo SearchPhoto GalleriesSearch by ColourPhoto Colour ExplorerNew Photos TodayNew Photos YesterdayMembers' Photo GalleriesPast Photo of the Day GalleryPhotography

Dumortierite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page kindly sponsored by Zhibin Li
Hide all sections | Show all sections

About DumortieriteHide

09880830017271922698367.jpg
Eugรจne Dumortier
Formula:
Al(Al2O)(Al2O)2(SiO4)3(BO3)
The given formula is the anhydrous end-member. Hydrogen incorporation leads to a more complex formula:

(Al,โ—ป)[Al2(O,OH)](Al2O)2[SiO3(O,OH)]3(BO3)
Colour:
Blue, greenish-blue, violet-blue, pale blue, pink, red
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
7 - 8
Specific Gravity:
3.21 - 3.41
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named in honour of Eugรจne Dumortier (3 December 1801, Lyon, France โ€“ 13 August 1876, Lyon, France), palaeontologist who wrote 'ร‰tudes Palรฉontologiques sur les dรฉpรดts jurassiques du Bassin du Rhรดne'.
Isostructural with:

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
1329
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1329:7

IMA Classification of DumortieriteHide

Classification of DumortieriteHide

9.AJ.10

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
J : Nesosilicates with BO3 triangles and/or B[4], Be[4] tetrahedra, cornersharing with SiO4
54.1.2.1

54 : NESOSILICATES Borosilicates and Some Beryllosilicates
1 : Borosilicates and Some Beryllosilicates with (BO3)
17.5.25

17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
5 : Borosilicates

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMAโ€“CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMAโ€“CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference for Standard
DumIMAโ€“CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMAโ€“CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
DumWhitney & Evans (2010)Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185โ€“187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371
DumThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Pronunciation of DumortieriteHide

Pronunciation:
PlayRecorded byCountry
Jolyon RalphUnited Kingdom

Physical Properties of DumortieriteHide

Vitreous
Transparency:
Translucent
Comment:
Vitreous to dull.
Colour:
Blue, greenish-blue, violet-blue, pale blue, pink, red
Hardness:
7 - 8 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Distinct on {100}, poor on {110},
Parting:
parting on {001}
Density:
3.21 - 3.41 g/cm3 (Measured)    3.45 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of DumortieriteHide

Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.659 - 1.678 nβ = 1.684 - 1.691 nγ = 1.686 - 1.692
2V:
Measured: 20° to 52°, Calculated: 30°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.014 - 0.027
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 ยตm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.

Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).

This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure - the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are isogyres.

Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
r > v or r < v
Optical Extinction:
Parallel. X = c; Y = b; Z = a.
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
X = deep blue or violet; Y = yellow to red-violet or nearly colorless; Z = colorless or very pale blue.

Chemistry of DumortieriteHide

Mindat Formula:
Al(Al2O)(Al2O)2(SiO4)3(BO3)

The given formula is the anhydrous end-member. Hydrogen incorporation leads to a more complex formula:

(Al,โ—ป)[Al2(O,OH)](Al2O)2[SiO3(O,OH)]3(BO3)
Element Weights:
Element% weight
O50.354 %
Al33.024 %
Si14.732 %
B1.890 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.
O
Al
Si
B
Common Impurities:
Fe,Ti,Mg,Ca

Chemical AnalysisHide

Oxide wt%:
 1
SiO230.90 %
TiO21.11 %
Al2O357.24 %
Fe2O30.44 %
MgO2.92 %
B2O36.09 %
H2O1.18 %
Total:99.88 %

Crystallography of DumortieriteHide

Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm(2/m2/m2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 11.828(1) Å, b = 20.243(3) Å, c = 4.7001(5) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.584 : 1 : 0.232
Unit Cell V:
1,125.36 ร…ยณ (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Twinning:
Common on {110} sometimes producing trillings.
Comment:
Non-standard space group setting (Pmcn).

Crystal StructureHide

Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Display Options
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File    Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0019562DumortieriteGroat L A, Evans R J, Grew E S, Pieczka A (2012) The crystal chemistry of As- and Sb-bearing dumortierite The Canadian Mineralogist 50 855-8722012the Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, Princess Elizabeth Land, East Antarctica0293
0019561DumortieriteGroat L A, Evans R J, Grew E S, Pieczka A (2012) The crystal chemistry of As- and Sb-bearing dumortierite The Canadian Mineralogist 50 855-8722012Tonagh Island in Amundsen Bay, Enderby Land, East Antarctica0293
0019560DumortieriteGroat L A, Evans R J, Grew E S, Pieczka A (2012) The crystal chemistry of As- and Sb-bearing dumortierite The Canadian Mineralogist 50 855-8722012west shore of Lake Uvildy in the Ilmen Mountains, southern Urals, Russia0293
0019559DumortieriteGroat L A, Evans R J, Grew E S, Pieczka A (2012) The crystal chemistry of As- and Sb-bearing dumortierite The Canadian Mineralogist 50 855-8722012Hartmannsdorf quarry, 12 km northwest of Chemnitz in Saxony, Germany0293
0020826DumortieriteEvans R J, Fyfe C A, Groat L A, Lam A E (2012) MAS NMR measurements and ab initio calculations of the 29Si chemical shifts in dumortierite and holtite American Mineralogist 97 329-3402012Madagascar0293
0007092DumortieriteFuchs Y, Ertl A, Hughes J M, Prowatke S, Brandstatter F, Schuster R (2005) Dumortierite from the Gfohl unit, Lower Austria: chemistry, structure, and infra-red spectroscopy European Journal of Mineralogy 17 173-1832005Gfohl unit, Lower Austria0293
0007091DumortieriteFuchs Y, Ertl A, Hughes J M, Prowatke S, Brandstatter F, Schuster R (2005) Dumortierite from the Gfohl unit, Lower Austria: chemistry, structure, and infra-red spectroscopy European Journal of Mineralogy 17 173-1832005Gfohl unit, Lower Austria0293
0019939DumortieriteMoore P B, Araki T (1978) Dumortierite, Si3B[Al6.75[]0.25O17.25(OH)0.75]: a detailed structure analysis Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Abhandlungen 132 231-2411978Saharina, Madagascar0293
0001025DumortieriteAlexander V D, Griffen D T, Martin T J (1986) Crystal chemistry of some Fe- and Ti-poor dumortierites American Mineralogist 71 786-79419860293
0001024DumortieriteAlexander V D, Griffen D T, Martin T J (1986) Crystal chemistry of some Fe- and Ti-poor dumortierites American Mineralogist 71 786-79419860293
0001023DumortieriteAlexander V D, Griffen D T, Martin T J (1986) Crystal chemistry of some Fe- and Ti-poor dumortierites O5y and O11x have been editted American Mineralogist 71 786-79419860293
0001022DumortieriteAlexander V D, Griffen D T, Martin T J (1986) Crystal chemistry of some Fe- and Ti-poor dumortierites American Mineralogist 71 786-79419860293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Loading XRD data...
Data Set:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
5.85 ร…(strong)
2.09 ร…(medium strong)
5.06 ร…(medium)
3.43 ร…(medium)
3.22 ร…(medium)
2.91 ร…(medium
4.26 ร…(medium weak)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Near-surface Processes
23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47)
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics<3.5-2.5
40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies)
Geological Setting:
In Al rich regionally metamorphosed rocks disseminated and in veinlets cutting schist, also in pegmatitic veins.

Type Occurrence of DumortieriteHide

Other Language Names for DumortieriteHide

Relationship of Dumortierite to other SpeciesHide

Other Members of Dumortierite Group:
MagnesiodumortieriteMg(Al2OH)(Al2O)2(SiO4)3(BO3)Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:
142 photos of Dumortierite associated with QuartzSiO2
20 photos of Dumortierite associated with MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
15 photos of Dumortierite associated with 'Quartzite'
13 photos of Dumortierite associated with AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
6 photos of Dumortierite associated with KyaniteAl2(SiO4)O
6 photos of Dumortierite associated with 'Citrine'SiO2
6 photos of Dumortierite associated with SchorlNaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
6 photos of Dumortierite associated with HematiteFe2O3
5 photos of Dumortierite associated with Chlorite Group
4 photos of Dumortierite associated with DickiteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

9.AJ.Hingganite-(Nd)Nd2โ—ปBe2Si2O8(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/c
9.AJ.Arrheniusite-(Ce)CaMg[(Ce7Y3)Ca5](SiO4)4(Si2B3AsO18)(BO3)F11Trig. 3m : R3m
9.AJ.05Ominelite(Fe2+,Mg)(Al,Fe3+)3(SiO4)(BO3)O2Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
9.AJ.05Grandidierite(Mg,Fe2+)(Al,Fe3+)3(SiO4)(BO3)O2Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
9.AJ.10Nioboholtite(Nb0.6โ—ป0.4)Al6BSi3O18Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbcm
9.AJ.10Titanoholtite(Ti0.75โ—ป0.25)Al6BSi3O18Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbcm
9.AJ.10Holtite(Ta0.6โ—ป0.4)Al6BSi3O18(O,OH)2.25Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
9.AJ.10MagnesiodumortieriteMg(Al2OH)(Al2O)2(SiO4)3(BO3)Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
9.AJ.15GarrelsiteBa3NaSi2B7O16(OH)4Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.AJ.20'Muromontite'near Be2FeY2Si3O12
9.AJ.20Gadolinite-(Nd)Nd2Fe2+Be2O2(SiO4)2Mon. 2/m : P21/c
9.AJ.20DatoliteCaB(SiO4)(OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/c
9.AJ.20Melanocerite-(Ce)(Ce,Ca)5(SiO4,BO4)3(OH,O)Hex.
9.AJ.20Gadolinite-(Ce)(Ce,La,Nd,Y)2Fe2+Be2Si2O10Mon. 2/m
9.AJ.20Gadolinite-(Y)Y2Fe2+Be2Si2O10Mon. 2/m : P21/c
9.AJ.20'Unnamed (OH-analogue of Gadolinite-(Y))'(Y,Ca)2(Fe,โ—ป)Be2Si2O8(OH,O)2Mon. 2/m
9.AJ.20Hingganite-(Ce)(Ce,REE)2(โ—ป,Fe2+)Be2[SiO4]2(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/c
9.AJ.20Hingganite-(Y)(Y,REE,Ca)2(โ—ป,Fe2+)Be2[SiO4]2(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/c
9.AJ.20Hingganite-(Yb)(Yb,Y,REE)2โ—ปBe2[SiO4]2(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/c
9.AJ.20HomiliteCa2(Fe2+,Mg)B2Si2O10Mon. 2/m : P21/c
9.AJ.20'Minasgeraisite-(Y)'(Ca2Y2)โ—ป2(Be2B2)[SiO4]4(OH)4Tric. 1 : P1
9.AJ.20Calcybeborosilite-(Y)(Y,Ca)2(โ—ป,Fe2+)(B,Be)2[SiO4]2(OH,O)2Mon.
9.AJ.25Stillwellite-(La)LaBSiO5Trig. 32 : P3221
9.AJ.25Stillwellite-(Ce)(Ce,La,Ca)BSiO5Trig. 3 : P31
9.AJ.30Cappelenite-(Y)Ba(Y,Ce)6Si3B6O24F2Trig. 3 : P3
9.AJ.35Laptevite-(Ce)Ca6(Fe2+,Mn2+)Y3REE7(SiO4)3(PO4)(B3Si3O18)(BO3)F11Trig. 3m : R3m
9.AJ.35Proshchenkoite-(Y)Ca(Y,REE,Ca,Na,Mn)15Fe2+(P,Si)Si6B3O34F14Trig. 3m : R3m
9.AJ.35Okanoganite-(Y)(Na,Ca)3(Y,Ce)12Si6B2O27F14Trig. 3m : R3m
9.AJ.35Hundholmenite-(Y)(Y,REE,Ca,Na)15(Al,Fe3+)(CaxAs3+1-x)(Si,As5+)Si6B3(O,F)48Trig. 3m : R3m
9.AJ.35Vicanite-(Ce)(Ca,Ce,La,Th)15As5+(As3+0.5,Na0.5)Fe3+Si6B4O40F7Trig. 3m : R3m
9.AJ.40JadariteLiNaSiB3O7(OH)Mon. 2/m

Fluorescence of DumortieriteHide

blue shortwave-excited luminescence excited by SW UV caused by titanate groups (TiO6)

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Dumortierite in petrologyHide

An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.

Internet Links for DumortieriteHide

References for DumortieriteHide

Reference List:

Localities for DumortieriteHide

Showing 305 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
Hide all sections | Show all sections

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. โ“˜ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Antarctica
 
  • East Antarctica
    • Enderby Land
Grew (2000)
Grew (1981) +1 other reference
          • Khmara Bay
Barbier et al. (1999) +1 other reference
    • Princess Elizabeth Land
      • Ingrid Christensen Coast
        • Prydz Bay
Wadoski et al. (2011) +1 other reference
    • Scott Glacier
Burt +1 other reference
Argentina
 
  • Cรณrdoba Province
    • Sierra de Cรณrdoba
      • El Pilรณn complex
Rapela et al. (2002)
Rapela et al. (2002)
  • San Juan Province
    • Iglesia Department
Sillitoe et al. (2019)
  • San Luis Province
    • Coronel Pringles Department
      • Estancia Grande
        • Las รguilas deposit
Galliski et al. (2012)
Australia
 
  • Victoria
    • Indigo Shire
Austria
 
  • Carinthia
    • Vรถlkermarkt District
      • Griffen
Exel (1993)
    • Wolfsberg District
      • Bad Sankt Leonhard im Lavanttal
        • Mica Mines
F.Walter (1984)
      • Wolfsberg
Niedermayr et al. (1995)
        • Lading
          • Kรถtsch
Niedermayr et al. (1995)
  • Lower Austria
    • Krems-Land District
      • Albrechtsberg an der GroรŸen Krems
Kolitsch (2022)
      • Gfรถhl
        • Felling
          • Zwettler Leiten
Pristacz et al. (2009) +1 other reference
Pristacz et al. (2009)
Fuchs et al. (2005)
Neumayer (1980)
      • Grafenegg
Reinhold (1914) +1 other reference
      • Lengenfeld
Neumayer (1980)
      • Mรผhldorf
Neschen (n.d.)
      • Paudorf
        • Meidling
Meixner (1952) +1 other reference
      • Rossatz-Arnsdorf
        • Rossatz
Fuchs et al. (2005)
      • Spitz
Kolitsch (2026)
      • StraรŸ im StraรŸertale
        • Wiedendorf
Kร–HLER (1953)
    • Melk District
      • Klein-Pรถchlarn
        • Ebersdorf
Hlawatsch (1911) +5 other references
    • Waidhofen an der Thaya District
      • Raabs an der Thaya
        • Eibenstein an der Thaya
Peter Lamatsch collection (SXRD-analysed by Uwe Kolitsch)
  • Styria
    • Deutschlandsberg District
      • Bad Schwanberg
Aufschluss 1972 (SB)
      • Deutschlandsberg
        • Osterwitz
Aufschluss 1972 (SB)
        • Wildbachgraben
Aufschluss 1972 (SB)
Bolivia
 
  • La Paz
    • Pedro Domingo Murillo Province
Lorin Fassbender et al. (2024)
  • Potosรญ
    • Nor Chichas Province
      • Cotagaita Municipality
        • Cerro Tazna
          • Tasna Rosario
Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998)
Botswana
 
  • North-East District
Cairncross (2004)
  • North-West District
    • Ngamiland West District
Wendorff et al. (2005)
Brazil
 
  • Bahia
Sauer (1982)
Menezes (n.d.)
Franz et al. (2014)
Franz et al. (2014)
MinMag 61:607 (1997)
    • Oliveira dos Brejinhos
      • Serra da Vereda
al and metamorphic zircon crystals near to each other. The crystals sit in a matrix of polygonal quartz (Qtz) +1 other reference
Bulgaria
 
  • Pazardzhik Province
    • Panagyurishte Municipality
      • Elshitsa
Moritz et al. (2004)
  • Smolyan Province
Svetoslav Petrussenko et al. (2007)
Canada
 
  • British Columbia
    • Clinton Mining Division
      • Taseko Lake Area
        • Upper Taseko River (Battlement Creek)
albite alunite andalusite andesine ...
    • Omineca Mining Division
      • Smithers
Peatfield (n.d.)
    • Osoyoos Mining Division
Scott (2012)
    • Vancouver Island
      • Nanaimo Mining Division
        • Port Hardy
BC Mining Reports 1970
  • Newfoundland and Labrador
    • Labrador
      • Red Wine Alkaline Complex
Curtis et al. (1977)
  • Nova Scotia
    • Lunenburg Co.
      • New Ross
O'Reilly et al. (1982)
  • Ontario
    • Leeds and Grenville Counties
      • South Crosby Township
Sabina (1967) +1 other reference
  • Quรฉbec
    • Abitibi-Tรฉmiscamingue
      • La Vallรฉe-de-l'Or RCM
        • Val d'Or
Taner et al. (1993)
    • Outaouais
      • La Vallรฉe-de-la-Gatineau RCM
        • Lac-Sainte-Marie (Lac Ste Marie)
Girault (1952)
Chile
 
  • Atacama
    • Huasco Province
      • Vallenar
        • Productora deposit
Escolme et al. (2020)
  • Coquimbo
    • Elqui Province
Samples analysed by Dr. Jochen Schlรผter (Hamburg University)
China
 
  • Zhejiang
    • Lishui
      • Qingtian County
        • Shankou Town
[1]ไฟžไธน็‡• et al. (3)
Croatia
 
  • Sisak-Moslavina County
    • Moslavaฤka gora
Garaลกiฤ‡ et al. (2024)
Czech Republic
 
  • Central Bohemian Region
Duda
      • Kutnรก Hora
Canadian Mineralogist: 44: 23-30.
Losert
      • Miskovice
Fiala
      • Starkoฤ
Cempรญrek et al. (2006)
      • Vlastฤ›jovice
Gadas et al. (2011)
      • Vlkaneฤ
Povondra et al. (eds.) +1 other reference
    • Prague-West District
Bohuslav Bures collection
Loun et al. (2011)
  • Pardubice Region
    • Chrudim District
      • Bฤ›stvina
Cempรญrek et al. (2006)
  • Plzeลˆ Region
    • Klatovy District
ฤŒernรฝ P.
  • South Bohemian Region
    • ฤŒeskรฝ Krumlov District
      • Zlatรก Koruna
        • Pleลกovice
Robert Vaลˆo
  • South Moravian Region
    • Znojmo District
Cempรญrek et al. (2004)
  • Vysoฤina Region
    • ลฝฤรกr nad Sรกzavou District
      • Bory
Stanฤ›k (1991) +4 other references
Nฤ›mec D.: Ein Pegmatit mit Li-Mineralisierung von Dolnรญ Bory in Westmahren (ฤŒSSR)
Stanฤ›k (1997)
        • Hornรญ Bory
Cempรญrek et al. (2000)
Novรกk et al. (1999)
Finland
 
  • Kanta-Hรคme
Ilkka Mikkola collection
Ilkka Nmikkola collection
    • Tammela
Ilkka Mikkola collection
  • North Ostrobothnia
Rouhunkoski
  • Pรคijรคnne Tavastia
    • Orimattila
Ilkka Mikkola collection
  • South Karelia
    • Lappeenranta
www.mindat.org (n.d.)
  • South Ostrobothnia
    • Kuortane
Lahti +1 other reference
France
 
  • Auvergne-Rhรดne-Alpes
    • Rhรดne
Mason (1976)
        • Chaponost
          • Beaunant
Gonnard (1881)
        • ร‰cully
Brun (2010)
  • Occitanie
    • Tarn
      • Castres
        • Lamontรฉlariรฉ
Bull. Soc. Franรง. Minรฉralo. ...
Germany
 
  • Baden-Wรผrttemberg
    • Freiburg Region
      • Lรถrrach
        • Kandern
Walenta (1992)
        • Malsburg-Marzell
70. +1 other reference
  • Bavaria
    • Lower Bavaria
      • Regen District
        • Arnbruck
WeiรŸ (1990)
    • Upper Palatinate
      • Cham District
        • Lohberg
          • Lohberghรผtte
Sperling (1991)
      • Tirschenreuth District
        • Bรคrnau
Laubmann et al. (1915)
        • Kemnath
          • Waldeck
Pรถllmann et al. (2007)
  • Rhineland-Palatinate
    • Vulkaneifel
      • Gerolstein
        • Rockeskyll
          • Rockeskyll volcanic complex
Haardt
  • Saxony
    • Mittelsachsen
      • Hartmannsdorf
H. Vollstรคdt et al. (Dresden) +1 other reference
      • Waldheim
Wittern (2001)
Hungary
 
India
 
  • Jharkhand
    • East Singhbhum District
      • Dhabhum
Richard M. Pearl: "Minerals of India"
Richard M. Pearl: "Minerals of India"
      • Mosaboni
Dhana Raju (2019)
  • Karnataka
    • Bangalore Rural District
      • Mallegowdanahalli
Rao (1968)
  • Maharashtra
    • Nagpur Division
      • Bhandara District
Richard M. Pearl: "Minerals of India" +3 other references
Dandekar et al. (2025)
Richard M. Pearl: "Minerals of India"
Iran
 
  • East Azerbaijan Province
    • Ahar County
      • Ahar
Mikaeili et al. (2025)
Italy
 
  • Lombardy
    • Sondrio Province
      • Chiesa in Valmalenco
Marchesini et al. (2025) +1 other reference
      • Prata Camportaccio
        • Schiesone Valley
          • Rifugio Il Biondo
Giovanni Scapin Collection +2 other references
Roberto Bosi specimen
  • Piedmont
    • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
      • Mergozzo
        • Nibbio
www.mindat.org (2016)
      • Ornavasso
Mattioli V. (1983) +1 other reference
Piccoli et al. (2007)
www.mindat.org (2016)
www.mindat.org (2016)
    • Vercelli Province
      • Borgosesia
Piccoli et al. (2007)
Japan
 
  • Fukushima Prefecture
    • Koriyama City
Takahata +1 other reference
    • Takanuki
Takahata +1 other reference
  • Gunma Prefecture
    • Agatsuma District
      • Nakanojou
Alfredo Petrov specimens
  • Ibaraki Prefecture
    • Kitaibaraki City
      • Hanazono-river
Takahata +1 other reference
Takahata +1 other reference
    • Taga District
      • Hitachi-machi
- (n.d.) +2 other references
  • Kyoto Prefecture
    • Fukuchiyama City
Yamada (2004)
  • Nagasaki Prefecture
    • Gotล Islands
      • Fukue Island (Fukuejima)
- (n.d.) +2 other references
  • Nara Prefecture
    • Yoshino district
      • Tenkawa village
        • Omine Mountains
American Mineralogist 87: 160-170 (2002)
  • Niigata Prefecture
Fossa Magna Museum specimens
      • ลŒmi
Hiroaki Tano specimen. (Many Japanese collectors have this mineral from here.)
  • Tochigi Prefecture
- (n.d.)
  • Yamanashi Prefecture
    • Yamanashi City
Takahata +2 other references
Kazakhstan
 
  • Akmola Region
    • Zerendi District
      • Kokchetav Massif
Korsakov et al. (2020)
Madagascar
 
  • Alaotra-Mangoro
    • Ambatondrazaka District
      • Ambatosoratra Commune
Behier (1963)
Guigues (1955)
  • Amoron'i Mania
    • Ambatofinandrahana District
      • Ambatofinandrahana Commune
Ackermand et al. (2006) +1 other reference
      • Itremo
Ackermand et al. (2006)
      • Mangataboahangy
Christophe-Michel-Lรฉvy et al. (1959) +1 other reference
Behier (1960)
      • Soavina Commune
Ackermand et al. (2006) +1 other reference
Lacroix (1922)
Maro Barsanti & Martins da Pedra photos
      • Ihadilanana
Behier (1963)
      • Ivato
Behier (1960)
Behier (1960)
  • Anosy
    • Taolagnaro District
Martin Slama collection
Platonov et al. (2000)
  • Vakinankaratra
    • Antsirabe II District
      • Sahanivotry Manandona
Morteani et al. (2006)
Mozambique
 
  • Tete Province
    • Changara District
Martins da Pedra. +2 other references
    • Marรกvia District
O. Dziallas +1 other reference
Namibia
 
  • Erongo Region
    • Omaruru Constituency
von Bezing (2007)
Cairncross et al. (2006)
  • วKaras Region
    • Keetmanshoop Rural Constituency
Cairncross (2004)
New Zealand
 
  • Northland Region
    • Far North District
      • Karikari Peninsula
Railton et al. (1990)
  • Southland Region
    • Southland District
      • Fiordland National Park
Railton et al. (1990)
Norway
 
  • Agder
    • Evje og Hornnes
      • Undeland
Identity confirmed by xrd att the ... +1 other reference
    • Froland
Nijland et al. (1998)
    • Risรธr
      • Akland
Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-6485 (Ex Harald Breivik collection) +1 other reference
      • Sรธndeled
        • Rรธd
Hulzebosch-Sijen et al. (1990)
Mason (1976)
Visser et al. (1991)
  • Innlandet
    • Lom
Wilke (1976)
  • Rogaland
    • Lund
      • Flatestรธl
Grew et al. (1998)
  • Telemark
    • Bamble
Visser et al. (1991)
      • Valle
Kvamsdal (2001)
Kvamsdal (2001)
      • Kragerรธ Archipelago
Knut Edvard larsen collection # 4149 (Ex L.O.Kvamsdal collection) +1 other reference
        • Holmen
Atle Michalsen Collection
  • Troms og Finnmark
    • Bardu
Peter Andresen collection
    • Hasvik
Sturt et al. (1972)
Bรธe (2001)
  • Vestland
    • Alver
      • Lindรฅs
Cempรญrek J. et al. (2010)
Peru
 
  • Arequipa
    • Arequipa Province
      • Yarabamba District
Freeport-McMoRan
  • Lima
    • Canta Province
Hyrล›l (2012)
Petersen (1970)
Hyrล›l (2012)
  • Puno
    • Melgar Province
Mlynarczyk (2005) +1 other reference
Poland
 
  • Lower Silesian Voivodeship
    • Dzierลผoniรณw County
      • Gmina Pieszyce
        • Roล›ciszรณw
Lis et al. (1986)
    • Karkonosze County
      • Karpacz
Elek Szeล‚ฤ™g collection
Mochnacka et al. (2000)
Pieczka A.
    • Zฤ…bkowice ลšlฤ…skie County
      • Gmina Zฤ…bkowice ลšlฤ…skie
        • Szklary
Pieczka +5 other references
Russia
 
  • Chelyabinsk Oblast
    • Karabash
Scott (2012) +1 other reference
  • Magadan Oblast
    • Omsukchansky District
      • Ducat ore field
        • Sn-Ag zone
Frank K. Mazdab collection (thin section FKM-327) +1 other reference
[World of Stones 12:49]
    • Aldan
Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.)
  • Sverdlovsk Oblast
    • Rezhevsky District
      • Lipovsk pegmatite field
Igor.V. Pekov (2008)
Slovakia
 
  • Banskรก Bystrica Region
    • Detva District
      • Detva
Kodฤ›ra P. et al. (2008) +1 other reference
      • Vรญgฤพaลกskรก Huta-Kalinka
Daniel Ozdรญn collection
  • Koลกice Region
    • Sobrance District
      • Remetskรฉ Hรกmre
Bacsรณ Z. & ฤŽuฤa R.
South Africa
 
  • Northern Cape
Cairncross (2004)
    • ZF Mgcawu District Municipality
      • Kai !Garib Local Municipality
        • Kenhardt
Cairncross et al. (1995)
South Korea
 
Sudo +3 other references
  • North Gyeongsang Province
    • Miryang City
Takagi (2008)
Spain
 
  • Andalusia
    • Mรกlaga
      • รlora
Romero Silva (2003)
      • Carratraca
        • Los Jarales
Calvo Rebollar (2018)
      • Cรกrtama
Alejandro Sรกnchez Jimรฉnez
      • Igualeja
Geological Museum of Malaga
      • Torrox
Garcia Casco (1993)
Sri Lanka
 
  • Western Province
    • Colombo District
Grew +5 other references
Sweden
 
  • Jรคmtland County
    • ร…re
      • ร…reskutan
  • Norrbotten County
    • Boden
      • Harads
Collection of Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet i Stockholm (The Natural History Museum)
Bjรคllerud (1990)
    • Pajala
      • Junosuando
Thorin (1989)
Switzerland
 
  • Grisons
    • Maloja Region
      • Bregaglia
        • Upper Val Bregaglia
          • Val Forno
Stalder et al. (1998)
  • Ticino
    • Bellinzona
      • Arbedo-Castione
Stalder et al. (1998)
    • Locarno
      • Brissago
Stalder et al. (1998)
Stalder et al. (1998)
UK
 
  • England
Golley et al. (1995)
    • Devon
      • West Devon
[Specimen in the Natural History Museum
  • Scotland
    • Renfrewshire
      • Bishopton
King (n.d.)
Ukraine
 
  • Zhytomyr Oblast
    • Zhytomyr Raion
Lyckberg et al. (2009)
USA
 
  • Alaska
    • Nome Census Area
      • Port Clarence Mining District
        • York Mountains
Econ Geol (1988)
  • Arizona
    • Cochise County
      • Willcox
Duke (1960) +2 other references
    • La Paz & Yuma Cos.
      • Ehrenberg to Yuma area
Wilson (1929) +2 other references
    • La Paz County
Reynolds (1988) +1 other reference
      • Quartzsite
Bideaux et al. (1960) +2 other references
Wilson (1929) +4 other references
      • Silver Mining District
        • Hidden Valley
Diller et al. (1889) +5 other references
Bancroft et al. (1990)
MRDS database Dep. ID file #10056453
    • Santa Cruz County
      • Patagonia Mountains
        • Patagonia Mining District
          • Nogales
Anthony et al. (1995)
Mason (1976)
  • California
    • Fresno County
      • Kaiser Wilderness area
Ted A. Hadley and Daniel J. Evanich (2021)
    • Imperial County
      • Chocolate Mountains
        • Chocolate Mountains Mining District
          • Indian Pass
- (2005)
        • Picacho Mining District
          • Picacho Peak
Ransom (1955) +3 other references
      • Ogilby
Kunz (1894) +3 other references
    • Kern County
      • Lost Hills (Lost Hill)
Reed (1927) +2 other references
Reed (1927) +1 other reference
      • Los Angeles
Scott (2012)
    • Riverside County
      • Corona
MacMurphy (1930) +3 other references
      • El Cerrito
MacMurphy (1930) +1 other reference
- (2005)
MacMurphy (1930) +1 other reference
      • Menifee Mining District (Auld Mining District)
        • Winchester
Murdoch (1966) +1 other reference
Mason (1976)
Mineralogical Society of America - ... +1 other reference
      • Laguna Mountains
        • Alpine
Ford (1902) +6 other references
  • Colorado
    • Fremont County
Eckel et al. (1997)
  • Connecticut
    • Fairfield County
      • Danbury
former Ronald Januzzi collection.
  • Maine
    • Oxford County
      • Albany
King (2009)
King (2009)
King (2000)
King (2009)
King (2009)
King (2009)
King (2009)
      • Batchelders Grant
King (2009)
King (2009)
      • Buckfield
King (2009)
      • Gilead
King (2009)
      • Greenwood
King (2009)
      • Hebron
        • Mount Rubellite
King (2009)
King (2009)
      • Lovell
King (2009)
      • Norway
King (2000)
King (2000)
King (2000)
      • Paris
King (2000)
King (2000)
King (2000)
    • Sagadahoc County
King et al. (1994)
King et al. (1994)
  • Montana
Ransom (1974)
Ransom (1974)
      • Cataract Mining District (Comet Mining District; Basin Mining District)
- (2005)
      • Three Brothers
- (2005)
    • Madison County
Graham et al. (1951) +1 other reference
  • Nevada
    • Clark County
      • Virgin Mountains
        • Bunkerville Mining District
Castor et al. (2004)
Jeremie Pfister Collection
    • Mineral County
      • Fitting Mining District
Castor et al. (2004)
      • Toquima Range
        • Barcelona Mining District (Spanish Belt Mining District)
Castor et al. (2004)
    • Nye County
      • Toquima Range
Castor et al. (2004)
Castor et al. (2004)
Mason (1976)
      • Rochester Mining District
Johnson (1977) +2 other references
      • Sacramento Mining District
- (2005)
Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference
    • Washoe County
      • Deephole Mining District
Castor et al. (2004)
  • New Mexico
    • Luna County
      • Tres Hermanas Mountains
        • Tres Hermanas Mining District
Griswold (1961)
    • Rio Arriba County
Northrop et al. (1996)
U.S. Geological Survey staff (1965)
Jahns (1946)
Manchester (1931)
    • New York City
      • Manhattan (New York County)
Manchester (1931)
The New York State Museum Catalog No. ...
        • Washington Heights
Hovey (1896)
NY State Museum spec. no. 16908
    • Saratoga County
      • Batchellerville
Robinson et al. (2007) +1 other reference
      • Edinburg Township
        • Batchellerville
Robinson et al. (2007)
Marian Lupulescu (2010)
    • St. Lawrence County
      • Clifton
        • Star Lake
          • Benson
Marian Lupulescu et al. (2010)
    • Westchester County
      • Mount Pleasant
Jensen (1978)
  • North Carolina
    • Alexander County
Palache et al. (1930)
Kesler
Wilson et al. (1978)
Kesler +1 other reference
Genth et al. (1881)
      • Lincolnton
Genth et al. (1881)
  • Pennsylvania
    • Chester County
      • Coatesville
Lapham et al. (1976)
  • Utah
    • Emery County
      • Emery
Bullock (1981)
Bullock (1981)
  • Washington
    • King County
      • Snoqualmie Mining District
        • Middle Fork of the Snoqualmie River
Cannon (1975)
Thurber et al. (1989) +1 other reference
Cannon (1975)
    • Skamania County
      • Washougal Mining District
        • Washougal River
Cannon (1975)
Zimbabwe
 
  • Mashonaland West
Cairncross (2004)
  • Matabeleland South
    • Beitbridge District
Cairncross (2004)
 
and/or  
Mindat.orgยฎ is an outreach project of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization. Mindatยฎ and mindat.orgยฎ are registered trademarks of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy.
Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2026, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are ยฉ OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 by Jolyon Ralph and Ida Chau.
Content on this site may not be used to train, fine-tune, or otherwise develop artificial intelligence or machine learning models without prior written permission - see our Terms & Conditions.
To cite: Ralph, J., Von Bargen, D., Martynov, P., Zhang, J., Que, X., Prabhu, A., Morrison, S. M., Li, W., Chen, W., & Ma, X. (2025). Mindat.org: The open access mineralogy database to accelerate data-intensive geoscience research. American Mineralogist, 110(6), 833โ€“844. doi:10.2138/am-2024-9486.
Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions - Contact Us / DMCA issues - Report a bug/vulnerability Current server date and time: November 1, 2026 10:06:20 Page updated: October 2, 2026 14:27:18
Go to top of page