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Felsőbányaite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Felsőbányaite
Formula:
Al4(SO4)(OH)10 · 4H2O
Colour:
Colourless, yellow, white; colourless in transmitted light; pale blue
Lustre:
Vitreous, Pearly
Hardness:
1½
Specific Gravity:
2.33
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
From the type locality, Felsöbánya, Hungary (now Baia Sprie, Romania).
Type Locality:
A hydrated aluminium sulfate first described by Kenngott in 1853 (as felsöbányite). However, the mineral was earlier observed around 1841/42 by Haidinger in the collection of the Imperial and royal Chamber of Mining, Vienna (Papp, 2004).
Later Bannister & Hollingworth (1948) described a white compact mineral with conchoidal fracture and a white plastic clay-like appearance from Old Lodge Pit, Northamptonshire, England, UK, and gave it the name basaluminite (a BASic sulfate of ALUMINum).
Farkas & Pertlik (1997) showed that basaluminite is identical with felsőbányaite, and basaluminite was discredited by IMA in 2006 (Burke, 2006). The name felsőbányaite has priority over "basaluminite" which wasn't named until 1948.
May originate as a dehydration product of hydrobasaluminite.
Later Bannister & Hollingworth (1948) described a white compact mineral with conchoidal fracture and a white plastic clay-like appearance from Old Lodge Pit, Northamptonshire, England, UK, and gave it the name basaluminite (a BASic sulfate of ALUMINum).
Farkas & Pertlik (1997) showed that basaluminite is identical with felsőbányaite, and basaluminite was discredited by IMA in 2006 (Burke, 2006). The name felsőbányaite has priority over "basaluminite" which wasn't named until 1948.
May originate as a dehydration product of hydrobasaluminite.
Name Encoding
CP1252:
Felsobányaite
Latin-1:
Felsobányaite
ASCII-7:
Felsobanyaite
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1474
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1474:4
IMA Classification of Felsőbányaite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Al4(S6+O4)(OH)10·4H2O
First published:
1853
Type description reference:
Classification of Felsőbányaite
7.DD.05
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
D : With only medium-sized cations; sheets of edge-sharing octahedra
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
D : With only medium-sized cations; sheets of edge-sharing octahedra
31.4.4.1
31 : HYDRATED SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
4 : (AB)4(XO4)Zq·xH2O
31 : HYDRATED SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
4 : (AB)4(XO4)Zq·xH2O
25.6.8
25 : Sulphates
6 : Sulphates of Al and Tl
25 : Sulphates
6 : Sulphates of Al and Tl
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Fsb | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Felsőbányaite
Vitreous, Pearly
Comment:
Pearly on cleavage surfaces.
Colour:
Colourless, yellow, white; colourless in transmitted light; pale blue
Hardness:
1½ on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
On {010} and {100}; and possibly also on {001}.
On {010} and {100}; and possibly also on {001}.
Density:
2.33 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.20 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Felsőbányaite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
Dispersion:
r > v
Chemistry of Felsőbányaite
Mindat Formula:
Al4(SO4)(OH)10 · 4H2O
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Felsőbányaite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2 - Sphenoidal
Space Group:
P21
Cell Parameters:
a = 13.026(1) Å, b = 10.015(1) Å, c = 11.115(1) Å
β = 104.34(1)°
β = 104.34(1)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.301 : 1 : 1.11
Unit Cell V:
1,404.83 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Occurs as globular, radial aggregates comprised of lamellar crystals; also as intergrown lath-like crystals tabular {001} and elongated [100] with a terminal angle of 66°24'.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 9.43 Å | (>10) |
| 5.96 Å | (3) |
| 4.79 Å | (10) |
| 4.64 Å | (10) |
| 3.67 Å | (4) |
| 2.71 Å | (4) |
| 2.45 Å | (4) |
| 2.27 Å | (5) |
Comments:
9.43 (I/Irel = 100) not in Handbook of Mineralogy data.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47b : [Sulfates and sulfites] |
Geological Setting:
Oxide zone in marcasitic ores.
Type Occurrence of Felsőbányaite
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Felsőbányaite
Other Language Names for Felsőbányaite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 12 photos of Felsőbányaite associated with Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| 7 photos of Felsőbányaite associated with Chalcomenite | CuSeO3 · 2H2O |
| 6 photos of Felsőbányaite associated with Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| 6 photos of Felsőbányaite associated with Allophane | (Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O |
| 4 photos of Felsőbányaite associated with Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| 4 photos of Felsőbányaite associated with Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| 4 photos of Felsőbányaite associated with Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 4 photos of Felsőbányaite associated with Alfredopetrovite | Al2(Se4+O3)3 · 6H2O |
| 4 photos of Felsőbányaite associated with Kruťaite | CuSe2 |
| 4 photos of Felsőbányaite associated with Wolframite Group |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 7.DD. | Asagiite | NiCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 6H2O |
| 7.DD.07 | Llantenesite | Cu6Al[SeO4](OH)12Cl · 3H2O |
| 7.DD.10 | Langite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| 7.DD.10 | Fehrite | MgCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 6H2O |
| 7.DD.10 | Posnjakite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · H2O |
| 7.DD.10 | Wroewolfeite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| 7.DD.10 | Gobelinite | CoCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 6H2O |
| 7.DD.15 | Kobyashevite | Cu5(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2O |
| 7.DD.15 | Spangolite | Cu6Al(SO4)(OH)12Cl · 3H2O |
| 7.DD.15 | 'Unnamed (Dimorph of Devilline)' | CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DD.20 | Ktenasite | ZnCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 6H2O |
| 7.DD.25 | Christelite | Cu2Zn3(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2O |
| 7.DD.30 | Edwardsite | Cu3Cd2(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2O |
| 7.DD.30 | Niedermayrite | CdCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2O |
| 7.DD.30 | Serpierite | Ca(Cu2+,Zn2+)4(S6+O4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DD.30 | Campigliaite | Mn2+Cu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2O |
| 7.DD.30 | Orthoserpierite | Ca(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DD.30 | Devilline | CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DD.35 | Shigaite | Mn6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| 7.DD.35 | Zincaluminite | (Zn1-xAlx)(SO4)x/2(OH)2 · nH2O |
| 7.DD.35 | Zincowoodwardite | Zn1-xAlx(OH)2[SO4]x/2 · nH2O |
| 7.DD.35 | Natroglaucocerinite | Zn6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| 7.DD.35 | Hydrowoodwardite | (Cu1-xAlx)(OH)2[SO4]x/2 · nH2O |
| 7.DD.35 | Honessite | (Ni1-xFe3+x)(OH)2[SO4]x/2 · nH2O |
| 7.DD.35 | Carrboydite | (Ni1-xAlx)(SO4)x/2(OH)2 · nH2O |
| 7.DD.35 | Glaucocerinite | (Zn1-xAlx)(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O |
| 7.DD.35 | Wermlandite | Mg7Al2(OH)18[Ca(H2O)6][SO4]2 · 6H2O |
| 7.DD.35 | Nikischerite | Fe2+6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| 7.DD.35 | Hydrohonessite | (Ni1-xFe3+x)(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O |
| 7.DD.35 | Woodwardite | Cu1-xAlx(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O |
| 7.DD.35 | Motukoreaite | Mg6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6][SO4]2 · 6H2O |
| 7.DD.35 | Mountkeithite | [(Mg1-xFe3+x)(OH)2][SO4]x/2 · nH2O |
| 7.DD.40 | Lawsonbauerite | (Mn2+,Mg)9Zn4(SO4)2(OH)22 · 8H2O |
| 7.DD.40 | Torreyite | (Mg,Mn2+)7◻2Mn2+2Zn4(SO4)2(OH)22 · 8H2O |
| 7.DD.40 | Isselite | Cu6(SO4)(OH)10(H2O)4 · H2O |
| 7.DD.45 | Mooreite | Mg9◻2Mn2Zn4(SO4)2(OH)26 · 8H2O |
| 7.DD.45 | Hodgesmithite | (Cu,Zn)6Zn(SO4)2(OH)10 · 3H2O |
| 7.DD.47 | Lahnsteinite | Zn4(SO4)(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DD.50 | Namuwite | Zn4(SO4)(OH)6 · 4H2O |
| 7.DD.50 | Minohlite | (Cu,Zn)7(SO4)2(OH)10 · 8H2O |
| 7.DD.52 | Lauraniite | Cu6Cd2(SO4)2(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| 7.DD.55 | Bechererite | Zn7Cu(OH)13[(SiO(OH)3(SO4)] |
| 7.DD.60 | Ramsbeckite | (Cu,Zn)15(SO4)4(OH)22 · 6H2O |
| 7.DD.65 | Vonbezingite | Ca6Cu3(SO4)3(OH)12 · 2H2O |
| 7.DD.70 | Redgillite | Cu6(SO4)(OH)10 · H2O |
| 7.DD.75 | Nickelalumite | NiAl4(SO4)(OH)12(H2O)3 |
| 7.DD.75 | Kyrgyzstanite | ZnAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2O |
| 7.DD.75 | Chalcoalumite | CuAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2O |
| 7.DD.80 | Schulenbergite | (Cu,Zn)7(SO4)2(OH)10 · 3H2O |
| 7.DD.80 | 'UM1992-30-SO:CCuHZn' | (Zn,Cu)7(SO4,CO3)2(OH)10 · 3H2O |
| 7.DD.80 | Thérèsemagnanite | NaCo4(SO4)(OH)6Cl · 6H2O |
| 7.DD.80 | Guarinoite | Zn6(SO4)(OH)10 · 5H2O |
| 7.DD.85 | Montetrisaite | Cu6(SO4)(OH)10 · 2H2O |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Felsőbányaite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1474.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Felsőbányaite
Reference List:
Kenngott (1853) Königliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna, Sitzber.: 10: 294 (as Felsöbányite).
Larsen, Esper S. (1921) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. Bulletin 679. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/b679 p.159
BANNISTER, F. A., HOLLINGWORTH, S. E. (1948) Two New British Minerals. Nature, 162 (4119). 565 doi:10.1038/162565a0(as Basaluminite)
Hollingworth, S. E., Bannister, F. A. (1950) Basaluminite and hydrobasaluminite, two new minerals from Northamptonshire. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 29 (208) 1-17 doi:10.1180/minmag.1950.029.208.03 (as Basaluminite)
Jambor, John L., Grew, Edward S., Roberts, Andrew C. (1998) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 83 (11) 1347-1352
Burke, Ernst A. J. (2006) A mass discreditation of GQN minerals. The Canadian Mineralogist, 44 (6). p.1557-1560. doi:10.2113/gscanmin.44.6.1557
Carrero, Sergio, Fernandez-Martinez, Alejandro, Pérez-López, Rafael, Lee, Daniel, Aquilanti, Giuliana, Poulain, Agnieszka, Lozano, Alba, Nieto, José-Miguel (2017) The nanocrystalline structure of basaluminite, an aluminum hydroxide sulfate from acid mine drainage. American Mineralogist, 102 (12) 2381-2389 doi:10.2138/am-2017-6059
Localities for Felsőbányaite
Showing 88 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| |
| Sorrell (n.d.) |
| |
Austria | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) +1 other reference |
| Pristacz et al. (2009) |
| Goldmann et al. (2008) | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2015) |
| Walter (2020) |
Bolivia | |
| Schnorrer-Köhler et al. (1990) +2 other references |
Brazil | |
| Piló et al. (2023) |
| Figueira et al. (2019) | |
Canada | |
| Sabina (1991) |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
China | |
| Yu Chen et al. (1984) |
| Zhaoxin Han et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
Czech Republic | |
| Batík |
| Pauliš P. et al. (2015) |
France | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Chollet pascal collection - XRD ... |
| Henriot et al. (1998) |
| Remy et al. (2014) |
Georgia | |
| Chervyatsova et al. (2024) |
Germany | |
| Blaß et al. (1993) +1 other reference |
Greece | |
| Rieck et al. (2022) |
| Rieck (n.d.) |
Hungary | |
| HOM Database |
| |
| Sajó et al. (2007) |
| Szakáll et al. (1996) |
| Szakáll et al. (1997) +1 other reference |
| HOM Collection | |
| Geoda - Journal of the Hungarian ... |
Ireland | |
| Moreton et al. (1995) |
Italy | |
| Bortolozzi et al. (2018) |
| Camarda et al. (2013) +1 other reference |
| Dott. Cristina Carbone-Dipteris-Genova: analysis June 2007 (paper in preparation) |
| Sauro et al. (2014) |
| Orlandi (2011) | |
| Meli (2001) |
| Nannoni R. |
| Boascardi M. et alii "I minerali nel Vicentino" (Vicenza) |
| Daleffe et al. (2012) |
Japan | |
| The Mineral Species of Japan (5th ed) |
| The Mineral Species of Japan (5th ed) +1 other reference |
Mexico | |
| Parker (2010) |
Poland | |
| Grzegorz Słowik collection and photo |
| Wieser (1974) +1 other reference |
Romania (TL) | |
| Damian +8 other references |
| Mariaș (2005) | |
Russia | |
| Evseev et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
Slovakia | |
| Ďuďa R. et al. (1993) |
Spain | |
| Joan Rosell et al. (2022) |
| Calvo et al. (2007) |
| Joan Abella i Creus (Joanabellacreus@gmail.com) |
Switzerland | |
| Ansermet (2012) |
UK | |
| [Specimen at the Natural History Museum +1 other reference |
| Clayton (1980) +1 other reference |
| De Putter et al. (2000) |
| Hanson Limited |
| Specimen in collection of Natural ... +1 other reference |
| Hollingworth et al. (1950) | |
| Ball |
| Jenkins et al. (Cotter-Howells, J. D., Campbell, L. S., Valasami-Jones, E. & Batchelder, M., eds.) |
Ukraine | |
| Dvoichenko P.A. The minerals of Crimea (1914) |
USA | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| |
| Smith (1988) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Ream (1995) |
| Ream (2004) | |
| Smith et al. (2002) |
| AmMin 53:722 | |
| Mitchell (1970) | |
| Mitchell (1970) |
| R.M. Joeckel et al. (2011) |
| R.M. Joeckel et al. (2011) |
| Robert Matthew Joeckel et al. (2007) |
| Tankersley et al. (2016) |
| Hammarstrom et al. (2003) |
| Coskren et al. (2000) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Am Min 53:717-721 | |
| Desor (11/2020) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Rye et al. (2003) |
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