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Izoklakeite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Izoklakeite
Formula:
Pb27(Cu,Fe,Ag)2(Sb,Bi)19S57
Colour:
Lead gray
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
3½ - 4
Specific Gravity:
6.47
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Name:
Named by D. C. Harris, D.C., Andrew C. Roberst, and Alan J. Criddle in 1986 for the type locality: Izok Lake, Mckenzie District, Nunavut, Canada. The Canadian Geographic Names database does not recognize Izok Lake as a valid place name, probably because of its small size.
Giessenite-Izoklakeite Series.
Chemically similar to oscarkempffite, clino-oscarkempffite, izoklakeite, lazerckerite, and staročeskéite.
"There is apparently a quasi-continuous solid solution from giessenite to izoklakeite with increasing Sb/Bi ratio, which is nevertheless always < 1 except for izoklakeite of the type locality (∼ 1.04). The main difference is that the monoclinic symmetry of giessenite (Bi-rich) changes to orthorhombic in izoklakeite (Sb-rich) (Makovicky & Karup-Møller, 1986). The exact Sb/Bi ratio at which the symmetry changes is unknown." (Moëlo et al., 2008)
The Bi-richest izoklakeite (Bi/(Sb + Bi) = 0.70) found so far was described by Pažout (2025).
Chemically similar to oscarkempffite, clino-oscarkempffite, izoklakeite, lazerckerite, and staročeskéite.
"There is apparently a quasi-continuous solid solution from giessenite to izoklakeite with increasing Sb/Bi ratio, which is nevertheless always < 1 except for izoklakeite of the type locality (∼ 1.04). The main difference is that the monoclinic symmetry of giessenite (Bi-rich) changes to orthorhombic in izoklakeite (Sb-rich) (Makovicky & Karup-Møller, 1986). The exact Sb/Bi ratio at which the symmetry changes is unknown." (Moëlo et al., 2008)
The Bi-richest izoklakeite (Bi/(Sb + Bi) = 0.70) found so far was described by Pažout (2025).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2060
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2060:8
IMA Classification of Izoklakeite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Pb2+26.4(Cu1+,Fe2+)2(Sb3+,Bi3+)19.6S2-57
Approval year:
1983
Classification of Izoklakeite
2.HB.10b
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
B : With Cu, Ag, Fe, Sn and Pb
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
B : With Cu, Ag, Fe, Sn and Pb
3.5.12.1
3 : SULFOSALTS
5 : 2.5 < ø < 3
3 : SULFOSALTS
5 : 2.5 < ø < 3
5.8.8
5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
8 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Mn, Fe, Co and Ni
5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
8 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Mn, Fe, Co and Ni
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Iz | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Izoklakeite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Lead gray
Streak:
Gray black
Hardness:
3½ - 4 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN50=150 - 212 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
{001}, good
{001}, good
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
6.47 g/cm3 (Measured) 6.505 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Izoklakeite
Anisotropism:
Distinct, greenish gray to dark gray to brownish gray
Bireflectance:
Weak to moderate, pale greenish white to a slightly darker greenish white or grey
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 (%) | R2 (%) | imR1 (%) | imR2 (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 400nm | 44.6% | 48.5% | 29.7% | 34.2% |
| 420nm | 44.1% | 48.4% | 29.0% | 33.7% |
| 440nm | 43.5% | 48.0% | 28.3% | 33.0% |
| 460nm | 42.8% | 47.4% | 27.5% | 32.3% |
| 470nm | 42.5% | 47.2% | 27.1% | 31.9% |
| 480nm | 42.2% | 46.9% | 26.7% | 31.5% |
| 500nm | 41.6% | 46.2% | 26.1% | 30.8% |
| 520nm | 41.0% | 45.7% | 25.5% | 30.1% |
| 540nm | 40.6% | 45.2% | 24.9% | 29.6% |
| 546nm | 40.4% | 45.1% | 24.8% | 29.4% |
| 560nm | 40.1% | 44.8% | 24.5% | 29.1% |
| 580nm | 39.8% | 44.4% | 24.2% | 28.7% |
| 589nm | 39.7% | 44.3% | 24.1% | 28.5% |
| 600nm | 39.6% | 44.1% | 24.0% | 28.4% |
| 620nm | 39.3% | 43.8% | 23.8% | 28.1% |
| 640nm | 39.1% | 43.5% | 23.4% | 27.8% |
| 650nm | 38.9% | 43.4% | 23.3% | 27.6% |
| 660nm | 38.8% | 43.2% | 23.2% | 27.4% |
| 680nm | 38.5% | 42.9% | 22.9% | 27.1% |
| 700nm | 38.2% | 42.5% | 22.5% | 26.7% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 48.5%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red, imR1 shown in green, imR2 shown in blue
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
pale greenish white to darker greenish white or gray
Chemistry of Izoklakeite
Mindat Formula:
Pb27(Cu,Fe,Ag)2(Sb,Bi)19S57
Element Weights:
Common Impurities:
Ag
Crystallography of Izoklakeite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm(2/m2/m2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Pnnm
Setting:
Pnnm
Cell Parameters:
a = 33.88(2) Å, b = 38.02(2) Å, c = 4.070(2) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.891 : 1 : 0.107
Unit Cell V:
5,242.64 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
1
Morphology:
Aggregates of acicular crystals to 1 mm.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0018392 | Izoklakeite | Makovicky E, Mumme W G (1986) The crystal structure of izoklakeite, Pb51.3Sb20.4Bi19.5Ag1.2Cu2.9Fe0.7S114. The kobellite homologous series and its derivatives Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Abhandlungen 153 121-145 | 1986 | Vena, Sweden | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001112 | Izoklakeite | Armbruster T, Hummel W (1987) (Sb,Bi,Pb) ordering in sulfosalts: Crystal-structure refinement of a Bi-rich izoklakeite American Mineralogist 72 821-831 | ![]() | 1987 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.398 Å | (100) |
| 2.149 Å | (60) |
| 3.305 Å | (40) |
| 2.038 Å | (40b) |
| 2.878 Å | (40) |
| 1.745 Å | (40) |
| 3.159 Å | (30) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Type Occurrence of Izoklakeite
Co-Type Localities:
General Appearance of Type Material:
Millimetre-sized acicular aggregates intergrown with galena, minor pyrrhotite and pyrite.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
The Natural History Museum, London, England, 1983,75.
Canadian Geological Survey, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian), Washington, D.C., USA, 165272.
Canadian Geological Survey, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian), Washington, D.C., USA, 165272.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Copper-lead sulfide deposit in metavolcanic rocks.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Izoklakeite
Other Language Names for Izoklakeite
Relationship of Izoklakeite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Kobellite Homologous Series:
| Giessenite | Pb27Cu2(Bi,Sb)19S57 | Mon. 2/m : P21/c |
| Kobellite | Pb22Cu4(Bi,Sb)30S69 | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm |
| Tintinaite | Pb22Cu4(Sb,Bi)30S69 | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 19 photos of Izoklakeite associated with Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| 19 photos of Izoklakeite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 17 photos of Izoklakeite associated with Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| 5 photos of Izoklakeite associated with Jaskólskiite | CuxPb2+x(Sb,Bi)2-xS5 (x ~ 0.15) |
| 3 photos of Izoklakeite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 3 photos of Izoklakeite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
| 3 photos of Izoklakeite associated with Marcasite | FeS2 |
| 3 photos of Izoklakeite associated with Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
| 2 photos of Izoklakeite associated with Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| 1 photo of Izoklakeite associated with Cosalite | Pb2Bi2S5 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.HB. | Barikaite | Ag3Pb10(Sb8As11)S40 |
| 2.HB. | Carducciite | (Ag2Sb2)Pb12(As,Sb)16S40 |
| 2.HB. | Sardashtite | Ag9Cu2.5Pb41Sb36.5As7S112 |
| 2.HB. | Interliveingite | AgPb18As25S56 |
| 2.HB. | Reckibachite | Ag2Pb12As14Sb4S40 |
| 2.HB.05a | Salzburgite | Cu1.6Pb1.6Bi6.4S12 |
| 2.HB.05a | Hammarite | Cu2Pb2Bi4S9 |
| 2.HB.05c | Jaskólskiite | CuxPb2+x(Sb,Bi)2-xS5 (x ~ 0.15) |
| 2.HB.05 | 'UM1990-54-Se:BiCuPb' | CuPb(Ni,Co)0.3Bi3Se6 |
| 2.HB.05a | Aikinite | CuPbBiS3 |
| 2.HB.05a | Pekoite | CuPbBi11S18 |
| 2.HB.05a | Friedrichite | Cu5Pb5Bi7S18 |
| 2.HB.05b | Meneghinite | Pb13CuSb7S24 |
| 2.HB.05a | Paarite | Cu1.7Pb1.7Bi6.3S12 |
| 2.HB.05a | Lindströmite | Cu3Pb3Bi7S15 |
| 2.HB.05a | Emilite | Cu10.7Pb10.7Bi21.3S48 |
| 2.HB.05a | Gladite | CuPbBi5S9 |
| 2.HB.05a | Krupkaite | CuPbBi3S6 |
| 2.HB.05 | 'UM2000-46-S:BiCuPb' | Cu0.33Pb0.33Bi7.67S12 |
| 2.HB.10c | Eclarite | (Cu,Fe)Pb9Bi12S28 |
| 2.HB.10a | Tintinaite | Pb22Cu4(Sb,Bi)30S69 |
| 2.HB.10b | Giessenite | Pb27Cu2(Bi,Sb)19S57 |
| 2.HB.10a | Kobellite | Pb22Cu4(Bi,Sb)30S69 |
| 2.HB.15 | Jamesonite | Pb4FeSb6S14 |
| 2.HB.15 | Benavidesite | Pb4MnSb6S14 |
| 2.HB.20a | Nagyágite | [Pb3(Pb,Sb)3S6](Au,Te)3 |
| 2.HB.20b | Buckhornite | AuPb2BiTe2S3 |
| 2.HB.20e | Luxembourgite | AgCuPbBi4Se8 |
| 2.HB.20b | Jaszczakite | [Bi3S3][AuS2] |
| 2.HB.20d | Berryite | Cu3Ag2Pb3Bi7S16 |
| 2.HB.20e | Watkinsonite | Cu2PbBi4(Se,S,Te)8 |
| 2.HB.20c | Museumite | [Pb2(Pb,Sb)2S8][(Te,Au)2] |
| 2.HB.20e | Litochlebite | Ag2PbBi4Se8 |
| 2.HB.25 | Meerschautite | (Ag,Cu)6Pb43-2xSb44+2xS112Ox (x ~0.5) |
Fluorescence of Izoklakeite
Not fluorescent in UV
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Izoklakeite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2060.html
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References for Izoklakeite
Reference List:
Harris, Donald C., Roberts, Andrew C., Criddle, Alan J. (1986) Izoklakeite, a new mineral species from Izok Lake, Northwest Territories. The Canadian Mineralogist, 24 (1) 1-5
Zakrzewski, M. A., Makovicky, E. (1986) Izoklakeite from Vena, Sweden, and the kobellite homologous series. The Canadian Mineralogist, 24 (1) 7-18
Harris, Donald C., Roberts, Andrew C., Criddle, Alan J. (1986) Izoklakeite, a new mineral species from Izok Lake, Northwest Territories. The Canadian Mineralogist, 24 (1) 1-5
Armbruster, Thomas, Hummel, Wolfgang (1987) (Sb,Bi,Pb) ordering in sulfosalts: Crystal-structure refinement of a Bi-rich izoklakeite. American Mineralogist, 72 (7-8) 821-831
Moëlo, Y., Roger, G., Maurel-Palacin, D., Marcoux, E., Laroussi, A. (1995) Chemistry of some Pb-(Cu, Fe)-(Sb, Bi sulfosalts from France and Portugal. Implications for the crystal chemistry of lead sulfosalts in the Cu-poor part of the Pb2S2-Cu2S-Sb2S3-Bi2-Bi2S3 system. Mineralogy and Petrology, 53 (4) 229-250 doi:10.1007/bf01160149
Localities for Izoklakeite
Showing 41 localities.
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Jovic et al. (2011) |
Austria | |
| Pichler (2009) |
| Pichler (2009) +1 other reference |
Bolivia | |
| Petrov (n.d.) +1 other reference |
Canada (TL) | |
| Harris et al. (1986) |
China | |
| Pašava et al. (2003) |
| Bingjie Wei and Jianhong Zhang (1991) | |
| Li et al. (2019) |
| ZHANG et al. (2014) +1 other reference |
Czech Republic | |
| Pažout et al. (2017) |
| Pažout et al. (2017) +2 other references |
Italy | |
| Ciriotti et al. (2019) |
| Ciriotti et al. (2019) | |
| Bindi et al. (2016) | |
| Orlandi et al. (2010) |
Japan | |
| Forrest Cureton specimens +1 other reference |
Kazakhstan | |
| Николаева et al. (2024) |
Kosovo | |
| Kołodziejczyk et al. (2015) +1 other reference |
Poland | |
| Gołębiowska et al. (2006) +1 other reference |
Romania | |
| Cook (1997) +1 other reference |
Russia | |
| Bortnikov et al. (1987) +1 other reference |
| Gvozdev et al. (2020) |
Slovakia | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Ozdín D. | |
| Ozdín D. & Pršek J. | |
| Martin Števko-unpublished |
| Martin Števko-unpublished |
| Martin Števko-unpublished | |
| Martin Števko-unpublished | |
| Mikuš T. (2019) | |
| Martin Števko-unpublished | |
| Pršek J. (2004) |
| Ozdín et al. (1999) |
| Ozdín D. 1997: Sb-Au zrudnenie pri ... | |
Spain | |
| Martínez Abad I et al. (2014) |
Sweden (TL) | |
| Harris et al. (1986) +3 other references |
| Ciobanu et al. (2024) |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
USA | |
| RRUFF Database : Specimen I.D 110044 |
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