Log InRegister
Search For:
Mineral Name:
Locality Name:
Keyword(s):
 
Home PageAbout MindatThe Mindat ManualHistory of MindatCopyright StatusWho We AreOur ScienceMindat Newsletter [Free Download]Contact Us
Donate to MindatSponsor a PageCorporate SponsorshipSponsored Pages
Learning CenterWhat Is a Mineral?The Most Common Minerals on EarthInformation for EducatorsMindat ArticlesMindat Newsletter [Free Download]The ElementsThe Mineral Quiz
Search FormMinerals by PropertiesMinerals by ChemistryMineral Visual ExplorerAdvanced Locality SearchRandom MineralRandom LocalitySearch by minIDMinerals by CountryAlphabetical Mineral IndexAlphabetical Locality SearchMineral Association SearchList of CountriesLocalities Near MePhoto SearchSearch ArticlesSearch GlossaryThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryMore Search Options
The Mindat ManualAdd a New PhotoRate PhotosLocality Edit ReportCoordinate Completion ReportAdd Glossary Item
MineralsPetrologyFossilsMeteoritesGeologic Time
Mining CompaniesStatisticsMineral MuseumsClubs & OrganizationsMineral Shows & EventsDevice SettingsTime Machine
Read DiscussionsIdentification Request
Photo SearchPhoto GalleriesSearch by ColourPhoto Colour ExplorerNew Photos TodayNew Photos YesterdayMembers' Photo GalleriesPast Photo of the Day GalleryPhotography

Izoklakeite

A valid IMA mineral species
This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
Hide all sections | Show all sections

About IzoklakeiteHide

Formula:
Pb27(Cu,Fe,Ag)2(Sb,Bi)19S57
Colour:
Lead gray
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
3½ - 4
Specific Gravity:
6.47
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named by D. C. Harris, D.C., Andrew C. Roberst, and Alan J. Criddle in 1986 for the type locality: Izok Lake, Mckenzie District, Nunavut, Canada. The Canadian Geographic Names database does not recognize Izok Lake as a valid place name, probably because of its small size.
Giessenite-Izoklakeite Series.

Chemically similar to oscarkempffite, clino-oscarkempffite, izoklakeite, lazerckerite, and staročeskéite.

"There is apparently a quasi-continuous solid solution from giessenite to izoklakeite with increasing Sb/Bi ratio, which is nevertheless always < 1 except for izoklakeite of the type locality (∼ 1.04). The main difference is that the monoclinic symmetry of giessenite (Bi-rich) changes to orthorhombic in izoklakeite (Sb-rich) (Makovicky & Karup-Møller, 1986). The exact Sb/Bi ratio at which the symmetry changes is unknown." (Moëlo et al., 2008)

The Bi-richest izoklakeite (Bi/(Sb + Bi) = 0.70) found so far was described by Pažout (2025).


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
2060
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2060:8

IMA Classification of IzoklakeiteHide

Classification of IzoklakeiteHide

2.HB.10b

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
B : With Cu, Ag, Fe, Sn and Pb
3.5.12.1

3 : SULFOSALTS
5 : 2.5 < ø < 3
5.8.8

5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
8 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Mn, Fe, Co and Ni

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference for Standard
IzIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of IzoklakeiteHide

Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Lead gray
Streak:
Gray black
Hardness:
3½ - 4 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN50=150 - 212 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
{001}, good
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
6.47 g/cm3 (Measured)    6.505 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of IzoklakeiteHide

Anisotropism:
Distinct, greenish gray to dark gray to brownish gray
Bireflectance:
Weak to moderate, pale greenish white to a slightly darker greenish white or grey
Reflectivity:
WavelengthR1 (%)R2 (%)imR1 (%)imR2 (%)
400nm44.6%48.5%29.7%34.2%
420nm44.1%48.4%29.0%33.7%
440nm43.5%48.0%28.3%33.0%
460nm42.8%47.4%27.5%32.3%
470nm42.5%47.2%27.1%31.9%
480nm42.2%46.9%26.7%31.5%
500nm41.6%46.2%26.1%30.8%
520nm41.0%45.7%25.5%30.1%
540nm40.6%45.2%24.9%29.6%
546nm40.4%45.1%24.8%29.4%
560nm40.1%44.8%24.5%29.1%
580nm39.8%44.4%24.2%28.7%
589nm39.7%44.3%24.1%28.5%
600nm39.6%44.1%24.0%28.4%
620nm39.3%43.8%23.8%28.1%
640nm39.1%43.5%23.4%27.8%
650nm38.9%43.4%23.3%27.6%
660nm38.8%43.2%23.2%27.4%
680nm38.5%42.9%22.9%27.1%
700nm38.2%42.5%22.5%26.7%


Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 48.5%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red, imR1 shown in green, imR2 shown in blue
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
pale greenish white to darker greenish white or gray

Chemistry of IzoklakeiteHide

Mindat Formula:
Pb27(Cu,Fe,Ag)2(Sb,Bi)19S57
Element Weights:
Element% weight
Pb56.723 %
Sb23.457 %
S18.532 %
Cu1.289 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.
Pb
Sb
S
Cu
Common Impurities:
Ag

Crystallography of IzoklakeiteHide

Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm(2/m2/m2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Pnnm
Setting:
Pnnm
Cell Parameters:
a = 33.88(2) Å, b = 38.02(2) Å, c = 4.070(2) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.891 : 1 : 0.107
Unit Cell V:
5,242.64 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
1
Morphology:
Aggregates of acicular crystals to 1 mm.

Crystal StructureHide

Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Display Options
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File    Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0018392IzoklakeiteMakovicky E, Mumme W G (1986) The crystal structure of izoklakeite, Pb51.3Sb20.4Bi19.5Ag1.2Cu2.9Fe0.7S114. The kobellite homologous series and its derivatives Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Abhandlungen 153 121-1451986Vena, Sweden0293
0001112IzoklakeiteArmbruster T, Hummel W (1987) (Sb,Bi,Pb) ordering in sulfosalts: Crystal-structure refinement of a Bi-rich izoklakeite American Mineralogist 72 821-83119870293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.398 Å(100)
2.149 Å(60)
3.305 Å(40)
2.038 Å(40b)
2.878 Å(40)
1.745 Å(40)
3.159 Å(30)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
High-? alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])

Type Occurrence of IzoklakeiteHide

General Appearance of Type Material:
Millimetre-sized acicular aggregates intergrown with galena, minor pyrrhotite and pyrite.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
The Natural History Museum, London, England, 1983,75.
Canadian Geological Survey, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian), Washington, D.C., USA, 165272.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Copper-lead sulfide deposit in metavolcanic rocks.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Synonyms of IzoklakeiteHide

Other Language Names for IzoklakeiteHide

Relationship of Izoklakeite to other SpeciesHide

Other Members of Kobellite Homologous Series:
GiessenitePb27Cu2(Bi,Sb)19S57Mon. 2/m : P21/c
KobellitePb22Cu4(Bi,Sb)30S69Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
TintinaitePb22Cu4(Sb,Bi)30S69Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
Forms a series with:

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:
19 photos of Izoklakeite associated with ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
19 photos of Izoklakeite associated with QuartzSiO2
17 photos of Izoklakeite associated with AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
5 photos of Izoklakeite associated with JaskólskiiteCuxPb2+x(Sb,Bi)2-xS5 (x ~ 0.15)
3 photos of Izoklakeite associated with CalciteCaCO3
3 photos of Izoklakeite associated with PyriteFeS2
3 photos of Izoklakeite associated with MarcasiteFeS2
3 photos of Izoklakeite associated with PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
2 photos of Izoklakeite associated with BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
1 photo of Izoklakeite associated with CosalitePb2Bi2S5

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

2.HB.BarikaiteAg3Pb10(Sb8As11)S40Mon. 2/m : P21/c
2.HB.Carducciite(Ag2Sb2)Pb12(As,Sb)16S40Mon. 2/m : P21/c
2.HB.SardashtiteAg9Cu2.5Pb41Sb36.5As7S112Mon. 2/m : P21/c
2.HB.InterliveingiteAgPb18As25S56Mon. 2 : P21
2.HB.ReckibachiteAg2Pb12As14Sb4S40Mon. 2/m : P21/c
2.HB.05aSalzburgiteCu1.6Pb1.6Bi6.4S12Orth. mm2 : Pmc21
2.HB.05aHammariteCu2Pb2Bi4S9Orth.
2.HB.05cJaskólskiiteCuxPb2+x(Sb,Bi)2-xS5 (x ~ 0.15)Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
2.HB.05'UM1990-54-Se:BiCuPb'CuPb(Ni,Co)0.3Bi3Se6
2.HB.05aAikiniteCuPbBiS3Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
2.HB.05aPekoiteCuPbBi11S18Orth. mm2
2.HB.05aFriedrichiteCu5Pb5Bi7S18Orth. mm2
2.HB.05bMeneghinitePb13CuSb7S24Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
2.HB.05aPaariteCu1.7Pb1.7Bi6.3S12Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbcn
2.HB.05aLindströmiteCu3Pb3Bi7S15Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
2.HB.05aEmiliteCu10.7Pb10.7Bi21.3S48Orth. mm2 : Pmc21
2.HB.05aGladiteCuPbBi5S9Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.HB.05aKrupkaiteCuPbBi3S6Orth. mm2
2.HB.05'UM2000-46-S:BiCuPb'Cu0.33Pb0.33Bi7.67S12
2.HB.10cEclarite(Cu,Fe)Pb9Bi12S28Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
2.HB.10aTintinaitePb22Cu4(Sb,Bi)30S69Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
2.HB.10bGiessenitePb27Cu2(Bi,Sb)19S57Mon. 2/m : P21/c
2.HB.10aKobellitePb22Cu4(Bi,Sb)30S69Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
2.HB.15JamesonitePb4FeSb6S14Mon. 2/m : P21/c
2.HB.15BenavidesitePb4MnSb6S14Mon. 2/m : P21/c
2.HB.20aNagyágite[Pb3(Pb,Sb)3S6](Au,Te)3Mon. 2/m : P21/m
2.HB.20bBuckhorniteAuPb2BiTe2S3Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pmmm
2.HB.20eLuxembourgiteAgCuPbBi4Se8Mon. 2/m : P21/m
2.HB.20bJaszczakite[Bi3S3][AuS2]Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pmmn
2.HB.20dBerryiteCu3Ag2Pb3Bi7S16Mon. 2/m : P21/m
2.HB.20eWatkinsoniteCu2PbBi4(Se,S,Te)8Mon. 2/m : P21/m
2.HB.20cMuseumite[Pb2(Pb,Sb)2S8][(Te,Au)2]Mon. 2
2.HB.20eLitochlebiteAg2PbBi4Se8Mon. 2/m : P21/m
2.HB.25Meerschautite(Ag,Cu)6Pb43-2xSb44+2xS112Ox (x ~0.5)Mon. 2 : P21

Fluorescence of IzoklakeiteHide

Not fluorescent in UV

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for IzoklakeiteHide

References for IzoklakeiteHide

Reference List:

Localities for IzoklakeiteHide

Showing 41 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
Hide all sections | Show all sections

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina
 
  • Santa Cruz Province
    • Deseado Department
      • Tres Cerros
Jovic et al. (2011)
Austria
 
  • Carinthia
    • Spittal an der Drau District
      • Heiligenblut am Großglockner
        • Zirmsee area
Pichler (2009)
      • Malta
        • Kölnbreinspitze - Lausnock area
Pichler (2009) +1 other reference
Bolivia
 
  • Potosí
    • Sud Chichas Province
      • Atocha Municipality
        • Chocaya-Animas mining district (Animas-Chocaya mining district)
Petrov (n.d.) +1 other reference
Canada (TL)
 
  • Nunavut
    • Itchen Lake
      • Izok Lake
Harris et al. (1986)
China
 
  • Guangxi
    • Hechi
      • Nandan County
Pašava et al. (2003)
Bingjie Wei and Jianhong Zhang (1991)
  • Hunan
    • Loudi
      • Xinhua Co.
Li et al. (2019)
  • Yunnan
    • Honghe
      • Lüchun County (Lvchun Co.)
ZHANG et al. (2014) +1 other reference
Czech Republic
 
  • Central Bohemian Region
Pažout et al. (2017)
      • Kutná Hora
Pažout et al. (2017) +2 other references
Italy
 
  • Piedmont
    • Metropolitan City of Turin
      • Tavagnasco
Ciriotti et al. (2019)
Ciriotti et al. (2019)
Bindi et al. (2016)
  • Tuscany
    • Lucca Province
      • Seravezza
Orlandi et al. (2010)
Japan
 
  • Yamanashi Prefecture
    • Kinpuzan mining district
      • Kofu City
        • Kurobera
Forrest Cureton specimens +1 other reference
Kazakhstan
 
  • East Kazakhstan Region
    • Katonkaragay District
Николаева et al. (2024)
Kosovo
 
  • Mitrovica District
    • Mitrovica
      • Trepça complex
Kołodziejczyk et al. (2015) +1 other reference
Poland
 
  • Lower Silesian Voivodeship
    • Kamienna Góra County
      • Gmina Kamienna Góra
        • Rędziny
Gołębiowska et al. (2006) +1 other reference
Romania
 
  • Maramureș County
    • Borșa
Cook (1997) +1 other reference
Russia
 
  • Buryatia
Bortnikov et al. (1987) +1 other reference
  • Zabaykalsky Krai
Gvozdev et al. (2020)
Slovakia
 
  • Banská Bystrica Region
    • Brezno District
Koděra et al. (1986)
Ozdín D.
Ozdín D. & Pršek J.
  • Košice Region
    • Košice-okolie District
      • Medzev
Martin Števko-unpublished
      • Vyšný Medzev
Martin Števko-unpublished
Martin Števko-unpublished
Martin Števko-unpublished
Mikuš T. (2019)
Martin Števko-unpublished
    • Rožňava District
      • Rožňava
        • Mária Mine
Pršek J. (2004)
  • Žilina Region
    • Liptovský Mikuláš District
Ozdín et al. (1999)
Ozdín D. 1997: Sb-Au zrudnenie pri ...
Spain
 
  • Galicia
    • Lugo
Martínez Abad I et al. (2014)
Sweden (TL)
 
  • Örebro County
    • Askersund
      • Hammar
Harris et al. (1986) +3 other references
  • Västerbotten County
    • Skellefteå
      • Boliden
Ciobanu et al. (2024)
Switzerland
 
  • Grisons
    • Surselva Region
      • Vals
        • Vals Valley
          • Lake Zervreila
Stalder et al. (1998)
  • Valais
    • Goms
      • Binn
        • Giessen
Stalder et al. (1998)
USA
 
  • North Carolina
    • Wake County
      • Raleigh
RRUFF Database : Specimen I.D 110044
 
and/or  
Mindat.org® is an outreach project of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization. Mindat® and mindat.org® are registered trademarks of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy.
Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2026, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are © OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 by Jolyon Ralph and Ida Chau.
Content on this site may not be used to train, fine-tune, or otherwise develop artificial intelligence or machine learning models without prior written permission - see our Terms & Conditions.
To cite: Ralph, J., Von Bargen, D., Martynov, P., Zhang, J., Que, X., Prabhu, A., Morrison, S. M., Li, W., Chen, W., & Ma, X. (2025). Mindat.org: The open access mineralogy database to accelerate data-intensive geoscience research. American Mineralogist, 110(6), 833–844. doi:10.2138/am-2024-9486.
Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions - Contact Us / DMCA issues - Report a bug/vulnerability Current server date and time: November 1, 2026 09:06:06 Page updated: October 6, 2026 19:16:48
Go to top of page