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Betpakdalite-NaNa
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Betpakdalite-NaNa
Formula:
[Na2(H2O)16Na(H2O)6][Mo8As2Fe3+3O33(OH)4]
Colour:
Yellow
Lustre:
Sub-Adamantine, Vitreous
Hardness:
3
Specific Gravity:
2.87
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
First recognized as a potential hypothetical member of the betpakdalite group (IMA 10-E). Later in 2011, approved by IMA as a valid species.
Type Locality:
Dimorph of:
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
41945
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:41945:3
Similar Names
| Betpakdalite-NaCa | A valid IMA mineral species | [Na2(H2O)17Ca(H2O)6][Mo86+As25+Fe33+O34(OH)3] |
IMA Classification of Betpakdalite-NaNa
Classification of Betpakdalite-NaNa
8.BM.
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
M : With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 4:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
M : With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 4:1
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Bpd-NaNa | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Betpakdalite-NaNa
Sub-Adamantine, Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Yellow
Streak:
Colorless to very pale yellow
Hardness:
3 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
{001}
{001}
Fracture:
Splintery
Density:
2.87(3) g/cm3 (Measured) 2.877 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Betpakdalite-NaNa
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.765(5) nβ = 1.785(5) nγ = 1.850
2V:
Measured: 60° (5)
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.085
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
r > v moderate
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic
Chemistry of Betpakdalite-NaNa
Mindat Formula:
[Na2(H2O)16Na(H2O)6][Mo8As2Fe3+3O33(OH)4]
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Betpakdalite-NaNa
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/m
Setting:
C2/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 19.2370(12) Å, b = 11.0945(7) Å, c = 15.1459(9) Å
β = 130.342(1)°
β = 130.342(1)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.734 : 1 : 1.365
Unit Cell V:
2463.8 ų
Morphology:
Striated prismatic to bladed crystals, flattened on {001} and elongated prallel to [010] (Up to 0.4mm in length and 0.1 mm in diameter). Forms observed: {001}, {110},{10-1} and {20-1}.
Twinning:
Multipel, complex penetrations twins.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 11.586 Å | (27) |
| 9.640 Å | (30) |
| 8.930 Å | (100) |
| 7.389 Å | (33) |
| 3.697 Å | (25) |
| 3.168 Å | (25) |
| 2.980 Å | (24) |
| 2.862 Å | (27) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates] |
Type Occurrence of Betpakdalite-NaNa
General Appearance of Type Material:
Matrix: brecciated vein quartz intermixed with, cemented by or coated by jarosite and oxyhydroxides.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California, USA, catalogue numbers 63570 and 63571
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Upper oxidation zone of the Chiquicamata Mine, Chile, a porphyry copper deposit
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Betpakdalite-NaNa
Other Language Names for Betpakdalite-NaNa
Dutch:Betpakdalite-NaNa
German:Betpakdalit-NaNa
Relationship of Betpakdalite-NaNa to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Betpakdalite Group:
| Betpakdalite-CaCa | [Ca2(H2O)17Ca(H2O)6][Mo6+8As5+2Fe3+3O36(OH)] | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Betpakdalite-CaMg | [Ca2(H2O)17Mg(H2O)6][Mo8As2Fe3+3O36(OH)] | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Betpakdalite-FeFe | [Fe3+2 (H2O)15(OH)2Fe3+(H2O)6][Mo8As2Fe3+3O37] | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Betpakdalite-NaCa | [Na2(H2O)17Ca(H2O)6][Mo6+8As5+2Fe3+3O34(OH)3] | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.BM. | Gunmaite | (Na2Sr)Sr2Al10(PO4)4F14(OH)12 |
| 8.BM.05 | Retzian-(Ce) | Mn2+2Ce(AsO4)(OH)4 |
| 8.BM.05 | Retzian-(La) | Mn2+2La(AsO4)(OH)4 |
| 8.BM.05 | Retzian-(Nd) | Mn2+2Nd(AsO4)(OH)4 |
| 8.BM.10 | Paulkellerite | (BiO)2Fe3+(PO4)(OH)2 |
| 8.BM.10 | Kolitschite | PbZn0.5Fe3(AsO4)2(OH)6 |
| 8.BM.15 | Brendelite | (Bi3+,Pb)2(Fe3+,Fe2+)(PO4)O2(OH) |
Fluorescence of Betpakdalite-NaNa
None
Other Information
Notes:
Slowly soluble in concentrated HCl
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Betpakdalite-NaNa
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-41945.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Betpakdalite-NaNa
Reference List:
Williams, P. A., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2011) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2011. CNMNC Newsletter No 11. Mineralogical Magazine, 75 (6) 2887-2893 doi:10.1180/minmag.2011.075.6.2887
Kampf, A. R., Mills, S. J., Rumsey, M. S., Dini, M., Birch, W. D., Spratt, J., Pluth, J. J., Steele, I. M., Jenkins, R. A., Pinch, W. W. (2012) The heteropolymolybdate family: structural relations, nomenclature scheme and new species. Mineralogical Magazine, 76 (5) 1175-1207 doi:10.1180/minmag.2012.076.5.09
Localities for Betpakdalite-NaNa
Showing 1 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Chile (TL) | |
| Williams et al. (2011) +1 other reference |
Quick NavTopAbout Betpakdalite-NaNaUnique IdentifiersSimilar NamesIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography X-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesRelationshipsStrunz-MindatFluorescence Other InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Chuquicamata Mine, Chuquicamata District, Calama, El Loa Province, Antofagasta, Chile